Eficiencia de uso del nitrógeno y productividad del agua del maíz en un suelo arenoso tratado con enmienda órgano - zeolítica

Rodríguez, Mónica Beatriz. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Ingeniería Agrícola y Uso de la Tierra. Cátedra de Fertilidad y Fertilizantes. Buenos Aires, Argentina.Torres Duggan, Martín. Tecnoagro S.R.L. Argentina.Igarzabal, Joaquín M. de. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Ingeniería Agrícola y Uso de la Tierra. Cátedra de Fertilidad y Fertilizantes. Buenos Aires, Argentina.Stingl, Erik. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Ingeniería Agrícola y Uso de la Tierra. Cátedra de Fertilidad y Fertilizantes. Buenos Aires, Argentina.122-135Las zeolitas aplicadas junto con residuos de feedlot podrían aportar nitrógeno (N) y mejorar el aprovechamiento del agua por los cultivos, además de retener excedentes de N en suelos arenosos. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: estudiar los efectos de la enmienda órgano-zeolítica (FZ) sobre la producción de biomasa, la absorción (Nabs) y eficiencia de uso del N (EUN) y del N del residuo de feedlot (EUNf) y sobre la productividad del agua (PA) del maíz; y sobre los cambios en la retención del N amoniacal y la capacidad de intercambio catiónico (CIC) en el suelo. Para ello, se cultivó maíz en macetas en invernáculo, las que recibieron los siguientes tratamientos: testigo (T); enmienda de zeolita (Z), de residuo de Feedlot(F), órgano-zeolítica (Feedlot+Zeolita) (FZ). El residuo de feedlot (F y FZ) mejoró en un 40 % la EUNabs,mientras que FZ resultó en una mayor productividad del agua de las plantas, y en mayores aumentos en la biomasa (120 % vs. 78 %) y en el Nabs (60 % vs. 30 %) que F en comparación con el testigo; y en una EFUNf más alta que F (70%). La CIC estimada fue más alta en FZ que en el resto de los tratamientos, sin embargo, las mediciones de retención amoniacal y de nitratos mostraron ausencia de excedentes de N en el suelo al final del experimento tanto en F como en FZ. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren un efecto interactivo mejorador entre el feedlot y las zeolitas sobre las variables estudiadas, posicionando a la enmienda órgano zeolítica como una potencial alternativa sustentable para mejorar la fertilidad de suelos

Mammary molecular portraits reveal lineage-specific features and progenitor cell vulnerabilities.

The mammary epithelium depends on specific lineages and their stem and progenitor function to accommodate hormone-triggered physiological demands in the adult female. Perturbations of these lineages underpin breast cancer risk, yet our understanding of normal mammary cell composition is incomplete. Here, we build a multimodal resource for the adult gland through comprehensive profiling of primary cell epigenomes, transcriptomes, and proteomes. We define systems-level relationships between chromatin-DNA-RNA-protein states, identify lineage-specific DNA methylation of transcription factor binding sites, and pinpoint proteins underlying progesterone responsiveness. Comparative proteomics of estrogen and progesterone receptor-positive and -negative cell populations, extensive target validation, and drug testing lead to discovery of stem and progenitor cell vulnerabilities. Top epigenetic drugs exert cytostatic effects; prevent adult mammary cell expansion, clonogenicity, and mammopoiesis; and deplete stem cell frequency. Select drugs also abrogate human breast progenitor cell activity in normal and high-risk patient samples. This integrative computational and functional study provides fundamental insight into mammary lineage and stem cell biology

Impact of wet-lab protocols on quality of whole-genome short-read sequences from foodborne microbial pathogens

For successful elucidation of a food-borne infection chain, the availability of high-quality sequencing data from suspected microbial contaminants is a prerequisite. Commonly, those investigations are a joint effort undertaken by different laboratories and institutes. To analyze the extent of variability introduced by differing wet-lab procedures on the quality of the sequence data we conducted an interlaboratory study, involving four bacterial pathogens, which account for the majority of food-related bacterial infections: Campylobacter spp., Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica. The participants, ranging from German federal research institutes, federal state laboratories to universities and companies, were asked to follow their routine in-house protocols for short-read sequencing of 10 cultures and one isolated bacterial DNA per species. Sequence and assembly quality were then analyzed centrally. Variations within isolate samples were detected with SNP and cgMLST calling. Overall, we found that the quality of Illumina raw sequence data was high with little overall variability, with one exception, attributed to a specific library preparation kit. The variability of Ion Torrent data was higher, independent of the investigated species. For cgMLST and SNP analysis results, we found that technological sequencing artefacts could be reduced by the use of filters, and that SNP analysis was more suited than cgMLST to compare data of different contributors. Regarding the four species, a minority of Campylobacter isolate data showed the in comparison highest divergence with regard to sequence type and cgMLST analysis. We additionally compared the assembler SPAdes and SKESA for their performance on the Illumina data sets of the different species and library preparation methods and found overall similar assembly quality metrics and cgMLST statistics

Nitrogen use efficiency and maize water productivity in a sandy soil treated with organic - zeolitic manure

Fil: Rodríguez, Mónica Beatriz. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Ingeniería Agrícola y Uso de la Tierra. Cátedra de Fertilidad y Fertilizantes. Buenos Aires, Argentina.Fil: Torres Duggan, Martín. Tecnoagro S.R.L. Argentina.Fil: Igarzabal, Joaquín M. de. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Ingeniería Agrícola y Uso de la Tierra. Cátedra de Fertilidad y Fertilizantes. Buenos Aires, Argentina.Fil: Stingl, Erik. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Ingeniería Agrícola y Uso de la Tierra. Cátedra de Fertilidad y Fertilizantes. Buenos Aires, Argentina.Las zeolitas aplicadas junto con residuos de feedlot podrían aportar nitrógeno (N) y mejorar el aprovechamiento del agua por los cultivos, además de retener excedentes de N en suelos arenosos. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: estudiar los efectos de la enmienda órgano-zeolítica (FZ) sobre la producción de biomasa, la absorción (Nabs) y eficiencia de uso del N (EUN) y del N del residuo de feedlot (EUNf) y sobre la productividad del agua (PA) del maíz; y sobre los cambios en la retención del N amoniacal y la capacidad de intercambio catiónico (CIC) en el suelo. Para ello, se cultivó maíz en macetas en invernáculo, las que recibieron los siguientes tratamientos: testigo (T); enmienda de zeolita (Z), de residuo de Feedlot(F), órgano-zeolítica (Feedlot+Zeolita) (FZ). El residuo de feedlot (F y FZ) mejoró en un 40 % la EUNabs,mientras que FZ resultó en una mayor productividad del agua de las plantas, y en mayores aumentos en la biomasa (120 % vs. 78 %) y en el Nabs (60 % vs. 30 %) que F en comparación con el testigo; y en una EFUNf más alta que F (70%). La CIC estimada fue más alta en FZ que en el resto de los tratamientos, sin embargo, las mediciones de retención amoniacal y de nitratos mostraron ausencia de excedentes de N en el suelo al final del experimento tanto en F como en FZ. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren un efecto interactivo mejorador entre el feedlot y las zeolitas sobre las variables estudiadas, posicionando a la\nenmienda órgano zeolítica como una potencial alternativa sustentable para mejorar la fertilidad de suelos.tbls., grafs

Optimal structural design with composites: free material and laminate design

Summary. This presentation deals with two types of approaches to the design of the topology of composite struc-tures. One is the free-material approach where design is performed over all possible elasticity tensors and where manufacturing considerations are left for a post-processing procedure. The other is to consider directly the integer valued problem of ply lay-up of laminates with discrete values of the ply angles. Modelling and computational aspects of both approaches will be surveyed and recent results show the results that can be obtained.

Targeted MS Assay Predicting Tamoxifen Resistance in Estrogen-Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer Tissues and Sera

We recently reported on the development of a 4-protein-based classifier (PDCD4, CGN, G3BP2, and OCIAD1) capable of predicting outcome to tamoxifen treatment in recurrent, estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer based on high-resolution MS data. A precise and high-throughput assay to measure these proteins in a multiplexed, targeted fashion would be favorable to measure large numbers of patient samples to move these findings toward a clinical setting. By coupling immunoprecipitation to multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) MS and stable isotope dilution, we developed a high-precision assay to measure the 4-protein signature in 38 primary breast cancer whole tissue lysates (WTLs). Furthermore, we evaluated the presence and patient stratification capabilities of our signature in an independent set of 24 matched (pre- and post-therapy) sera. We compared the performance of immuno-MRM (iMRM) with direct MRM in the absence of fractionation and shotgun proteomics in combination with label-free quantification (LFQ) on both WTL and laser capture microdissected (LCM) tissues. Measurement of the 4-proteins by iMRM showed not only higher accuracy in measuring proteotypic peptides (Spearman r: 0.74 to 0.93) when compared with MRM (Spearman r: 0.0 to 0.76) but also significantly discriminated patient groups based on treatment outcome (hazard ratio [HR]: 10.96; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.33 to 27.76; Log-rank P < 0.001) when compared with LCM (HR: 2.85; 95% CI: 1.24 to 6.54; Log-rank P = 0.013) and WTL (HR: 1.16; 95% CI: 0.57 to 2.33; Log-rank P = 0.680) LFQ-based predictors. Serum sample analysis by iMRM confirmed the detection of the four proteins in these samples. We hereby report that iMRM outperformed regular MRM, confirmed our previous high-resolution MS results in tumor tissues, and has shown that the 4-protein signature is measurable in serum samples

Targeted MS Assay Predicting Tamoxifen Resistance in Estrogen-Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer Tissues and Sera

We recently reported on the development of a 4-protein-based classifier (PDCD4, CGN, G3BP2, and OCIAD1) capable of predicting outcome to tamoxifen treatment in recurrent, estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer based on high-resolution MS data. A precise and high-throughput assay to measure these proteins in a multiplexed, targeted fashion would be favorable to measure large numbers of patient samples to move these findings toward a clinical setting. By coupling immunoprecipitation to multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) MS and stable isotope dilution, we developed a high-precision assay to measure the 4-protein signature in 38 primary breast cancer whole tissue lysates (WTLs). Furthermore, we evaluated the presence and patient stratification capabilities of our signature in an independent set of 24 matched (pre- and post-therapy) sera. We compared the performance of immuno-MRM (iMRM) with direct MRM in the absence of fractionation and shotgun proteomics in combination with label-free quantification (LFQ) on both WTL and laser capture microdissected (LCM) tissues. Measurement of the 4-proteins by iMRM showed not only higher accuracy in measuring proteotypic peptides (Spearman <i>r</i>: 0.74 to 0.93) when compared with MRM (Spearman <i>r</i>: 0.0 to 0.76) but also significantly discriminated patient groups based on treatment outcome (hazard ratio [HR]: 10.96; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.33 to 27.76; Log-rank <i>P</i> < 0.001) when compared with LCM (HR: 2.85; 95% CI: 1.24 to 6.54; Log-rank <i>P</i> = 0.013) and WTL (HR: 1.16; 95% CI: 0.57 to 2.33; Log-rank <i>P</i> = 0.680) LFQ-based predictors. Serum sample analysis by iMRM confirmed the detection of the four proteins in these samples. We hereby report that iMRM outperformed regular MRM, confirmed our previous high-resolution MS results in tumor tissues, and has shown that the 4-protein signature is measurable in serum samples