Organização trófica da assembleia de peixes de uma lagoa costeira subtropical, Santa Catarina, Brasil

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Florianópolis, 2013O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a organização trófica da assembleia de peixes da Lagoa do Peri (Santa Catarina, Brasil), durante o período de abril/2010 a fevereiro/2011. A dieta das espécies de peixes foi analisada em cinco áreas da lagoa pelos métodos da frequência de ocorrência, da frequência volumétrica e através do índice alimentar; as guildas tróficas foram definidas pela análise de agrupamento (Dissimilaridade de Bray-Curtis), e a amplitude do nicho trófico das espécies e o grau de sobreposição alimentar também foram analisados. O conteúdo estomacal de 10 espécies foi analisado, tendo sido identificados 45 itens alimentares agrupados em nove categorias alimentares. Entre elas insetos aquáticos, crustáceos e peixes foram preferencialmente ingeridos, tendo sido definidas seis guildas tróficas: insetívora, bentívora, piscívora, onívora-piscívora, zooplanctívora e iliófaga-detritívora. Uma alta especialização da dieta e uma baixa sobreposição alimentar (Abstract: The present study aimed to investigate the trophic organization of the fish assemblage of Lagoa do Peri (Santa Catarina, Brazil), during the period April/2010 to February/2011. The diet of fish species was analyzed in five areas of the lagoon by the frequency of occurrence, volumetric frequency and by the feeding index. The trophic guilds were defined by cluster analysis (Bray-Curtis dissimilarity), and the amplitude of the trophic niche and the degree of dietary overlap were also analyzed. The stomach contents of 10 species were analyzed, in which 45 food items were identified, grouped into nine food categories. Among them aquatic insects, crustaceans and fish were ingested preferentially, having been defined six trophic guilds: insectivore, benthivore, piscivore, omnivore-piscivore, zooplanktivore and iliophagous-detritivore. A highly specialized diet and a low dietary overlap (<0.6) were observed, with greater overlap registered between benthivorous, among piscivorous and between Rhamdia quelen and piscivorous. These conditions are related to the stability and to the high degree of conservation of the environment, whose riparian functions as an important source of food resources, enabling these resources to be shared by the fish

Is Cyberbullying Worse than Traditional Bullying? Examining the Differential Roles of Medium, Publicity, and Anonymity for the Perceived Severity of Bullying

Cyberbullying, a modern form of bullying performed using electronic forms of contact (e.g., SMS, MMS, Facebook, YouTube), has been considered as being worse than traditional bullying in its consequences for the victim. This difference was mainly attributed to some specific aspect that are believed to distinguish cyberbullying from traditional bullying: an increased potential for a large audience, an increased potential for anonymous bullying, lower levels of direct feedback, decreased time and space limits, and lower levels of supervision. The present studies investigated the relative importance of medium (traditional vs. cyber), publicity (public vs. private), and bully's anonymity (anonymous vs. not anonymous) for the perceived severity of hypothetical bullying scenarios among a sample of Swiss seventh- and eight-graders (study 1: 49% female, mean age=13.7; study 2: 49% female, mean age=14.2). Participants ranked a set of hypothetical bullying scenarios from the most severe one to the least severe one. The scenarios were experimentally manipulated based on the aspect of medium and publicity (study 1), and medium and anonymity (study 2). Results showed that public scenarios were perceived as worse than private ones, and that anonymous scenarios were perceived as worse than not anonymous ones. Cyber scenarios generally were perceived as worse than traditional ones, although effect sizes were found to be small. These results suggest that the role of medium is secondary to the role of publicity and anonymity when it comes to evaluating bullying severity. Therefore, cyberbullying is not a priori perceived as worse than traditional bullying. Implications of the results for cyberbullying prevention and intervention are discusse

Derecho Internacional del medio ambiental

El uso de los términos ambiente y medio ambiente ha sido indistinto en las diferentes áreas de conocimiento y su utilización depende del campo donde se aplique. Desde el punto de vista jurídico internacional es un término indefinido, con un contenido difuso e indeterminado, de allí la importancia de determinar sus contornos, qué sectores comprende. Este punto depende de la concepción filosófica de la que partamos, puesto que si lo hacemos desde una “concepción antropológica” entenderemos al medio ambiente como el entorno del ser humano, del cual el hombre es su centro. Desde una “concepción cosmológica” otorgaremos al medio ambiente un valor en sí del cual el ser humano es un elemento.Fil: Sticca, Alejandra. Universidad Nacíonal de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina

El rol del Principio de Cooperación Internacional durante la pandemia en el período post Covid-19

En nuestros días, toda la comunidad internacional está viviendo una profunda “crisis global” ocasionada por la pandemia del COVID-19, declarada el 11 de marzo de 2020 por el Director General de la OMS. Esta crisis exige del ordenamiento jurídico internacional respuestas y pone en tensión a diversas instituciones y principios. En esta contribución, nos detenemos a reflexionar sobre el rol del principio de cooperación a nivel internacional, tanto durante la pandemia como en el período post-COVID-19. Esta profunda crisis que no reconoce fronteras y que exige de respuestas tanto a nivel individual como global, lleva a que los Estados y otros sujetos internacionales sólo puedan hacer frente a sus consecuencias, adoptando medidas a nivel local, nacional y mediante la cooperación, ya que las respuestas/acciones unilaterales no son suficientes. En este marco, la cooperación internacional se torna necesaria, obligada y debe coadyuvar y complementar las respuestas unilaterales que puedan dar los sujeto internacionales. En esta crisis, los principios de soberanía nacional y cooperación internacional se ponen en tensión. En un escenario de mayor vulnerabilidad como el que estamos viviendo, donde el virus, la pandemia atraviesa las fronteras, el COVID-19 “brinda/impone” una nueva oportunidad para la cooperación internacional.Fil: Sticca, María Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina

Cooperación internacional en América en materia de medio ambiente : la efectividad del derecho humano al medio ambiente

193 páginas.Trabajo de Maestría sobre Cooperación al Desarrollo y Acción Humanitaria (2000). Directora: Dra. Ana Salado Osuna ; Tutora: Dra. Zlata Drnas de Clément. Los derechos humanos y el medio ambiente son dos temas prioritarios en la agenda internacional, exigen respuestas globales del derecho internacional. El objetivo central de esta investigación es analizar la efectividad del derecho humano al medio ambiente en el sistema interamericano, con particular referencia a los países que conforman el Mercado Común del Sur. El análisis de la efectividad del derecho al medio ambiente encuentra su justificación en que el medio ambiente sano es una condición de la propia vida humana, de lo que deriva que el respeto y garantía de este derecho se tornó un imperativo y al mismo tiempo un condicionante del ejercicio de otros derechos humanos. A los fines de desentrañar dicha efectividad resulta necesario considerar por una parte la consagración o reconocimiento del derecho en los distintos instrumentos internacionales e internos y por otra parte la existencia de recursos adecuados puestos a disposición de los titulares del derecho a los fines de la garantía del derecho. Para lograr los objetivos utilizamos principalmente el método inductivo en cuanto al análisis de la legislación se refiere y el método deductivo para la caracterización del derecho en general y a los fines de analizar la efectividad del derecho.Human rights and the environment are two priority issues on the international agenda, demanding global responses to international law. The main objective of this research is to analyze the effectiveness of the human right to the environment in the inter-American system, with particular reference to MERCOSUR. The analysis of the effectiveness of the right to the environment finds its justification in that the healthy environment is a condition of human life itself, from which it follows that the respect and guarantee of this right became an imperative and at the same time a conditioning factor Of the exercise of other human rights. In order to unravel this effectiveness, it is necessary to consider, on the one hand, the consecration or recognition of the right in the different international and internal instruments and, on the other hand, the existence of adequate resources made available to the holders of the right for the purposes of the guarantee of the law. To achieve the objectives, we mainly use the inductive method in terms of analysis of legislation and the deductive method for the characterization of law in general and for the purpose of analyzing the effectiveness of the law

La protección internacional de la persona humana

Fil: Sticca, María Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.El proceso de internacionalización de los derechos humanos se produce después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, ello en conexión con el proceso de humanización del Derecho Internacional contemporáneo y con una nueva concepción de los derechos humanos que los define como materia de interés internacional.Fil: Sticca, María Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Derech

Intraindividual relations between achievement goals and discrete achievement emotions: an experience sampling approach

Theories on the link between achievement goals and achievement emotions focus on their within-person functional relationship (i.e., intraindividual relations). However, empirical studies have failed to analyze these intraindividual relations and have instead examined between-person covariation of the two constructs (i.e., interindividual relations). Aiming to better connect theory and empirical research, the present study (N = 120 10th grade students) analyzed intraindividual relations by assessing students’ state goals and emotions using experience sampling (N = 1,409 assessments within persons). In order to replicate previous findings on interindividual relations, students’ trait goals and emotions were assessed using self-report questionnaires. Despite being statistically independent, both types of relations were consistent with theoretical expectations, as shown by multi-level modeling: Mastery goals were positive predictors of enjoyment and negative predictors of boredom and anger; performance-approach goals were positive predictors of pride; and performance-avoidance goals were positive predictors of anxiety and shame. Reasons for the convergence of intra- and interindividual findings, directions for future research, and implications for educational practice are discussed

The LifeStories project: Empowering voices and avoiding harm-Ethics protocol of a long-term follow-up study of individuals placed in infant care institutions in Switzerland

Little empirical data exist to guide ethical decisions when conducting research with vulnerable populations. The current study assesses a protocol designed to mitigate risks in a population-based cohort of 246 individuals placed in care institutions as infants in a non-selective 60-year follow-up. In total, 116 (47%) individuals chose to participate, of whom 53 (55%) reported positive effects of participation such as the opportunity to fill some gaps in their life stories, to better deal with their past, and to understand previous family dynamics. Only three individuals (2.5%) explicitly reported negative short-term consequences such as feeling upset as a result of thinking about stressful times, but they nonetheless rated the usefulness of the study as high. For six participants (5%), psychological counseling sessions were initiated as a support measure. Our findings suggest that risk of harm can be managed with a rigorous ethics protocol when conducting research with a vulnerable cohort and therefore enable the voices of survivors to be heard. A step wise approach in which increasing amounts of information were presented at each step, clearly operationalized passive decline, and direct and consistent contact with highly trained staff were considered key to mitigating distress. Keywords: deprivation; ethics; institutionalization; long-term follow-up; vulnerable cohor

Understanding and promoting language acquisition in everyday conversation. Empirical evaluation of a professional-development programme for kindergarten teachers

Die Fähigkeit, mündliche Texte (Berichte, Erzählungen, Erklärungen oder Argumentationen) zu verstehen und zu produzieren, ist für die Nutzung schulischer Bildungsangebote grundlegend. Im Kindergarten können alle Kinder frühzeitig mit mündlichen Texten vertraut werden. Dabei spielt die Erwerbsunterstützung durch die Lehrpersonen eine Schlüsselrolle. In der Interventionsstudie «EmTiK» wird untersucht, wie sich die mündlichen Textfähigkeiten der Kinder im Verlauf des Kindergartens entwickeln, ob sich die Erwerbsunterstützung der Lehrpersonen durch eine Weiterbildung optimieren lässt und wie sie sich auf den Erwerbsverlauf der Kinder auswirkt. In diesem Beitrag werden die Anlage, die Durchführung und die Evaluation der EmTiK-Weiterbildung vorgestellt. Zudem werden Befunde zur Wirkung der Weiterbildung auf das erwerbsunterstützende Handeln berichtet. Der Beitrag schliesst mit möglichen Fragestellungen für die Erforschung von alltagsintegrierter Sprachbildung im gesamten Zyklus 1 und somit auch in der ersten und zweiten Klasse. (DIPF/Orig.)The ability to understand and produce oral texts (reports, narratives, explanations, or arguments) is fundamental to the benefits of educational opportunities at school. In kindergarten, all children can become familiar with oral texts at an early age. Their teachers’ scaffolding plays a key role in this process. The EmTiK intervention study investigates how children’s oral textrelated skills develop over the course of kindergarten, whether the teachers’ scaffolding can be optimized through professional development, and how improved scaffolding affects children’s acquisition trajectories. This paper presents the design, the implementation, and the evaluation of the EmTiK professional-development programme. In addition, findings on the impact of the programme on the participating teachers’ scaffolding practices are reported. The article concludes with possible questions for further research on everyday language education in the whole first cycle, which includes two years of kindergarten and first and second grade. (DIPF/Orig.