Organização trófica da assembleia de peixes de uma lagoa costeira subtropical, Santa Catarina, Brasil

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Florianópolis, 2013O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a organização trófica da assembleia de peixes da Lagoa do Peri (Santa Catarina, Brasil), durante o período de abril/2010 a fevereiro/2011. A dieta das espécies de peixes foi analisada em cinco áreas da lagoa pelos métodos da frequência de ocorrência, da frequência volumétrica e através do índice alimentar; as guildas tróficas foram definidas pela análise de agrupamento (Dissimilaridade de Bray-Curtis), e a amplitude do nicho trófico das espécies e o grau de sobreposição alimentar também foram analisados. O conteúdo estomacal de 10 espécies foi analisado, tendo sido identificados 45 itens alimentares agrupados em nove categorias alimentares. Entre elas insetos aquáticos, crustáceos e peixes foram preferencialmente ingeridos, tendo sido definidas seis guildas tróficas: insetívora, bentívora, piscívora, onívora-piscívora, zooplanctívora e iliófaga-detritívora. Uma alta especialização da dieta e uma baixa sobreposição alimentar (Abstract: The present study aimed to investigate the trophic organization of the fish assemblage of Lagoa do Peri (Santa Catarina, Brazil), during the period April/2010 to February/2011. The diet of fish species was analyzed in five areas of the lagoon by the frequency of occurrence, volumetric frequency and by the feeding index. The trophic guilds were defined by cluster analysis (Bray-Curtis dissimilarity), and the amplitude of the trophic niche and the degree of dietary overlap were also analyzed. The stomach contents of 10 species were analyzed, in which 45 food items were identified, grouped into nine food categories. Among them aquatic insects, crustaceans and fish were ingested preferentially, having been defined six trophic guilds: insectivore, benthivore, piscivore, omnivore-piscivore, zooplanktivore and iliophagous-detritivore. A highly specialized diet and a low dietary overlap (<0.6) were observed, with greater overlap registered between benthivorous, among piscivorous and between Rhamdia quelen and piscivorous. These conditions are related to the stability and to the high degree of conservation of the environment, whose riparian functions as an important source of food resources, enabling these resources to be shared by the fish

Is Cyberbullying Worse than Traditional Bullying? Examining the Differential Roles of Medium, Publicity, and Anonymity for the Perceived Severity of Bullying

Cyberbullying, a modern form of bullying performed using electronic forms of contact (e.g., SMS, MMS, Facebook, YouTube), has been considered as being worse than traditional bullying in its consequences for the victim. This difference was mainly attributed to some specific aspect that are believed to distinguish cyberbullying from traditional bullying: an increased potential for a large audience, an increased potential for anonymous bullying, lower levels of direct feedback, decreased time and space limits, and lower levels of supervision. The present studies investigated the relative importance of medium (traditional vs. cyber), publicity (public vs. private), and bully's anonymity (anonymous vs. not anonymous) for the perceived severity of hypothetical bullying scenarios among a sample of Swiss seventh- and eight-graders (study 1: 49% female, mean age=13.7; study 2: 49% female, mean age=14.2). Participants ranked a set of hypothetical bullying scenarios from the most severe one to the least severe one. The scenarios were experimentally manipulated based on the aspect of medium and publicity (study 1), and medium and anonymity (study 2). Results showed that public scenarios were perceived as worse than private ones, and that anonymous scenarios were perceived as worse than not anonymous ones. Cyber scenarios generally were perceived as worse than traditional ones, although effect sizes were found to be small. These results suggest that the role of medium is secondary to the role of publicity and anonymity when it comes to evaluating bullying severity. Therefore, cyberbullying is not a priori perceived as worse than traditional bullying. Implications of the results for cyberbullying prevention and intervention are discusse

Intraindividual relations between achievement goals and discrete achievement emotions: an experience sampling approach

Theories on the link between achievement goals and achievement emotions focus on their within-person functional relationship (i.e., intraindividual relations). However, empirical studies have failed to analyze these intraindividual relations and have instead examined between-person covariation of the two constructs (i.e., interindividual relations). Aiming to better connect theory and empirical research, the present study (N = 120 10th grade students) analyzed intraindividual relations by assessing students’ state goals and emotions using experience sampling (N = 1,409 assessments within persons). In order to replicate previous findings on interindividual relations, students’ trait goals and emotions were assessed using self-report questionnaires. Despite being statistically independent, both types of relations were consistent with theoretical expectations, as shown by multi-level modeling: Mastery goals were positive predictors of enjoyment and negative predictors of boredom and anger; performance-approach goals were positive predictors of pride; and performance-avoidance goals were positive predictors of anxiety and shame. Reasons for the convergence of intra- and interindividual findings, directions for future research, and implications for educational practice are discussed

Derecho Internacional del medio ambiental

El uso de los términos ambiente y medio ambiente ha sido indistinto en las diferentes áreas de conocimiento y su utilización depende del campo donde se aplique. Desde el punto de vista jurídico internacional es un término indefinido, con un contenido difuso e indeterminado, de allí la importancia de determinar sus contornos, qué sectores comprende. Este punto depende de la concepción filosófica de la que partamos, puesto que si lo hacemos desde una “concepción antropológica” entenderemos al medio ambiente como el entorno del ser humano, del cual el hombre es su centro. Desde una “concepción cosmológica” otorgaremos al medio ambiente un valor en sí del cual el ser humano es un elemento.Fil: Sticca, Alejandra. Universidad Nacíonal de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina

El rol del Principio de Cooperación Internacional durante la pandemia en el período post Covid-19

En nuestros días, toda la comunidad internacional está viviendo una profunda “crisis global” ocasionada por la pandemia del COVID-19, declarada el 11 de marzo de 2020 por el Director General de la OMS. Esta crisis exige del ordenamiento jurídico internacional respuestas y pone en tensión a diversas instituciones y principios. En esta contribución, nos detenemos a reflexionar sobre el rol del principio de cooperación a nivel internacional, tanto durante la pandemia como en el período post-COVID-19. Esta profunda crisis que no reconoce fronteras y que exige de respuestas tanto a nivel individual como global, lleva a que los Estados y otros sujetos internacionales sólo puedan hacer frente a sus consecuencias, adoptando medidas a nivel local, nacional y mediante la cooperación, ya que las respuestas/acciones unilaterales no son suficientes. En este marco, la cooperación internacional se torna necesaria, obligada y debe coadyuvar y complementar las respuestas unilaterales que puedan dar los sujeto internacionales. En esta crisis, los principios de soberanía nacional y cooperación internacional se ponen en tensión. En un escenario de mayor vulnerabilidad como el que estamos viviendo, donde el virus, la pandemia atraviesa las fronteras, el COVID-19 “brinda/impone” una nueva oportunidad para la cooperación internacional.Fil: Sticca, María Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina

PRÓLOGO

La publicación de este Anuario XXI (2023) del Centro de Investigaciones Jurídicas y Sociles (CIJS) es un motivo de gran satisfacción, porque de manera ininterrumpida desde hace 30 años presenta a toda la comunidad académica los avances y resultados de las investigaciones desarrolladas principalmente por docentes investigadores de la casa. Ello da cuenta de su continuidad, la que se fue enriqueciendo primero con su indexación en Latindex y luego con su incorporación a partir de 2021 al Repositorio Digital de Revistas de la Universidad Nacional de C´´´órdoba.&nbsp

The emergence of dyadic pretend play quality during peer play: The role of child competence, play partner competence and dyadic constellation

The quality of social pretend play may have a positive impact on children's development. This study investigated to what degree this quality is a characteristic of a child versus a function of the play partner or the specific pairing of two children. For this purpose, preschool children's general pretend play quality (actor effect), their general influence on their play partner's pretend play quality (partner effect) and the role of the specific constellation between two children (relationship effect) were examined in a dyadic setting. Potential associations of the effects with children's age, gender, social cognitive and social competencies, as well as the dyadic composition of these variables and their friendship were examined. Children completed two to four dyadic pretend play situations with different peers. They were tested for their language ability, theory of mind and emotion understanding. Educators rated children's social competence (cooperation and sociability) and evaluated their friendship with one another. A social relations model analysis was conducted. The results indicated that children's pretend play quality was determined to the same degree by the child and by the specific pairing of two children. Positive associations were found between children's pretend play quality and age, emotion understanding and sociability on the individual level. Further, the quality of children's social pretend play benefited from having older and more advanced play partners

Fatores de risco psicossocial no trabalho de gestores da educação básica e da educação superior: Um estudo comparativo

Educational management professionals present high psychosocial risks, and the pandemic apparently made this worse. This study aimed to understand the degree of psychosocial risk in the work of education managers, testing whether and how the level at which they work (basic and higher) impacts this risk. To achieve this objective, two studies were carried out, through the lens of the Person-Environment Model, applying a mixed-method approach: Study 1, carried out before the pandemic, described and compared the psychosocial risk in the two groups. Study 2 delves deeper and differentiates the perception of these risk factors for each group of managers. The results showed that, in both groups, the dimensions perceived as most critical are Control and Support from Management. In Study 2, the results suggest that there is more emotional demand in the basic education group, but they also experience more support. However, in the higher education group, there is no perceived balance; the risk lies in the exorbitantly competitive demands and excessive bureaucratization. In analyzing the reports, no different demand was attributed to the pandemic period, i.e. these conditions are associated with managers' routines, suggesting that the psychosocial risk in higher education management is latent.Os profissionais de gestão educacional apresentam riscos psicossociais elevados e a pandemia, aparentemente, agravou esta situação. O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender o grau de risco psicossocial no trabalho dos gestores educacionais, testando se, e como, o nível de atuação (básico e superior) impacta esse risco. Para alcançar este objetivo, foram realizados dois estudos, norteados pelo modelo Ajuste pessoa-ambiente, aplicando uma abordagem de método misto: O Estudo 1, realizado antes da pandemia, descreveu e comparou o risco psicossocial nos dois grupos. O Estudo 2 aprofunda e diferencia a percepção desses fatores de risco para cada grupo de gestores. Os resultados mostraram que, em ambos os grupos, as dimensões percebidas como mais críticas são Controle e o Apoio da Gestão. No Estudo 2, os resultados sugerem que no grupo da educação básica há mais exigências emocionais, contudo, experienciam maior suporte. Entretanto, no grupo da educação superior não se percebe equilíbrio, o risco está nas exigências exorbitantes de competitividade e na excessiva burocratização. Na análise dos relatos, não foi atribuída nenhuma demanda diferente ao período pandêmico, ou seja, essas condições estão associadas às rotinas dos gestores, sugerindo que o risco psicossocial na gestão do ensino superior é latente

Medio ambiente y Derechos Humanos. Opinión consultiva de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos OC 23/17 del 15 de noviembre de 2017 - Solicitada por la República de Colombia

Este breve comentario a la Opinión Consultiva de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos pone de relieve los aportes novedosos en materia de relación entre medioambiente y derechos humanos realizados por el alto tribunal internacional, como también destaca aquellos en los que sólo reitera posiciones anteriores o principios jurídicos consolidados