Milk Consumption Following Exercise Reduces Subsequent Energy Intake in Female Recreational Exercisers

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of skimmed milk as a recovery drink following moderate–vigorous cycling exercise on subsequent appetite and energy intake in healthy, female recreational exercisers. Utilising a randomised cross-over design, nine female recreational exercisers (19.7 ± 1.3 years) completed a V̇O2peak test followed by two main exercise trials. The main trials were conducted following a standardised breakfast. Following 30 min of moderate-vigorous exercise (65% V̇O2peak), either 600 mL of skimmed milk or 600 mL of orange drink (475 mL orange juice from concentrate, 125 mL water), which were isoenergetic (0.88 MJ), were ingested, followed 60 min later with an ad libitum pasta meal. Absolute energy intake was reduced 25.2% ± 16.6% after consuming milk compared to the orange drink (2.39 ± 0.70 vs. 3.20 ± 0.84 MJ, respectively; p = 0.001). Relative energy intake (in relation to the energy content of the recovery drinks and energy expenditure) was significantly lower after milk consumption compared to the orange drink (1.49 ± 0.72 vs. 2.33 ± 0.90 MJ, respectively; p = 0.005). There were no differences in AUC (× 1 h) subjective appetite parameters (hunger, fullness and desire to eat) between trials. The consumption of skimmed milk following 30 min of moderate-vigorous cycling exercise reduces subsequent energy intake in female recreational exercisers

Treating Peri and Postnatal Depression & Anxiety

- The objective of this research is to evaluate the commonly prescribed treatment methods for prenatal and postnatal depression, focusing on the efficacy of antidepressant medications and nonpharmacologic treatments while evaluating the effects these medications have on the fetus/breastfeeding infant. - The method of research included 15 studies completed within the past ten years on women who were pregnant or who had delivered a baby within the past 12 months. One study did evaluate long-term effects on offspring, which included a participant number of 3,342 children who were exposed to antidepressants during pregnancy. The total number of participants in the studies were 8,069 women. - Limitations within the data are due to small sample sizes in several of the studies and few available studies that directly evaluate this population of women and children. - Data results suggest that while cognitive group therapy does provide depression symptom improvement in prenatal and postnatal depression and anxiety, antidepressant medications tend to have a positive effect earlier in treatment. Unfortunately, many of these antidepressant medications have also been proven to have both short and long tern effects on the offspring exposed to pharmacologic treatment.https://commons.und.edu/pas-grad-posters/1023/thumbnail.jp

Treating Peri and Postnatal Depression and Anxiety

While diagnoses of depression and anxiety are not uncommon for women during pregnancy and after delivery, one of the greatest challenges in the plan of treatment is to ensure that the offspring are kept safe while the psychological well-being of the mother is appropriately cared for. The objective of this literature review is to evaluate the commonly prescribed treatment methods for prenatal and postnatal depression, focusing on the efficacy of antidepressant medications and nonpharmacologic treatments while evaluating the effects these medications have on the fetus/breastfeeding infant. The method of research included 15 studies completed within the past ten years on women who were pregnant or who had delivered a baby within the past 12 months. One study did evaluate long-term effects on offspring, which included a participant number of 3,342 children who were exposed to antidepressants during pregnancy. Two Cochrane Review evaluations were also included in this research. The total number of participants in the studies were 8,069 women. Limitations of the results were due to small sample sizes in several of the studies and few studies available that directly evaluate this population of women and children. The compiled data results suggest that while cognitive group therapy does provide depression symptom improvement in prenatal and postnatal depression and anxiety, antidepressant medications tend to have a positive effect earlier in treatment. Unfortunately, many of these antidepressant medications have also been proven to have both short and long tern effects on the offspring exposed to pharmacologic treatment

Measuring privatisation in education: methodological challenges and possibilities

© 2018, © 2018 Educational Review. As the Global Education Reform Movement (GERM) spreads, key questions that attempt to identify both the nature and the increasing scope and scale of this phenomenon become empirically significant. The concern of this article is to highlight some of the complexities of measuring one key element of the GERM: the privatisation of public education systems. Exploring indicators of privatisation through a set of methods for analysing Likert-style data, Mokken scale analysis and Rasch analysis, we generate a scale to measure an educational phenomenon so complex that it can appear to defy measurement. Our intention is to demonstrate that complex phenomena should not be oversimplified for the purpose of generating numeric data and that measurement is possible. The results, drawn from a European-wide survey, portray a nuanced pattern of privatisation at this regional level in which public funding and ownership remain important, but schools are commonly adopting a wide range of “private-like” practices

Captaining Men's Souls : Richard Hakluyt's Ministerial Works

Richard Hakluyt, author of the major geographic compendium The Principal Navigations (1589; 1598–1600) spent much of his life in service to the English church, describing himself late in his career as ‘one publikely and anciently devoted to God's service’. Despite this, his religious profession has often been viewed within scholarship as secondary to his geographic work, and the apparent absence of any explicitly religious writings has made the details of his own beliefs difficult to ascertain. This article sheds fresh light on both Hakluyt's religious beliefs and their importance to his geographic works through analysis of previously unexamined manuscript notes form the early 1580s. These notes cover a lecture focusing on the third article and a sermon exhorting the need for ministerial vocations, both given by Hakluyt while at the University of Oxford, and offer insight into his religious beliefs. The analysis offered in this article demonstrates the integral importance of religion to Hakluyt's geographic work while simultaneously locating him within a wide continental network of theologians and writers to reassess the impact and reach of his ministerial role

The time-course of a scrapie outbreak

BACKGROUND: Because the incubation period of scrapie has a strong host genetic component and a dose-response relationship, it is possible that changes will occur during an outbreak, especially in the genotypes of cases, age-at-onset of disease and, perhaps, the clinical signs displayed. We investigated these factors for a large outbreak of natural scrapie, which yielded sufficient data to detect temporal trends. RESULTS: Cases occurred mostly in two genotypes, VRQ/VRQ and VRQ/ARQ, with those early in the outbreak more likely to be of the VRQ/VRQ genotype. As the epidemic progressed, the age-at-onset of disease increased, which reflected changes in the genotypes of cases rather than changes in the age-at-onset within genotypes. Clinical signs of cases changed over the course of the outbreak. As the epidemic progressed VRQ/VRQ and VRQ/ARQ sheep were more likely to be reported with behavioural changes, while VRQ/VRQ sheep only were less likely to be reported with loss of condition. CONCLUSION: This study of one of the largest scrapie outbreaks in the UK allowed investigation of the effect of PrP genotype on other epidemiological parameters. Our analysis indicated that, although age-at-onset and clinical signs changed over time, the observed changes were largely, but not exclusively, driven by the time course of the PrP genotypes of cases

Image and word on the street: a reflexive, phased approach to combining participatory visual methods and qualitative interviews to explore resilience with street connected young people in Guatemala City

We present an argument for reflexively combining participatory visual methods with each other, alongside qualitative ethnographic interviewing, in exploring resilience with street-connected young people who attend two voluntary educational outreach projects in Guatemala City. We present primary research in the form of three case studies selected from a wider, mixed-methods study. The case studies adopt an approach that is rooted in phenomenology, incorporating participatory photography, participatory drawing, and image-elicited interviewing. We discuss the advantages of combining visual methods with qualitative interviewing in ways that respond to the developing phases of research and to the sensory and technological preferences of participants. We also outline the potential benefits of this approach for psychological research into resilience, place, and community, and for benefitting voluntary outreach organisations with whom we collaborated

Transition-Edge Hot-Electron Microbolometers for Millimeter and Submillimeter Astrophysics

The millimeter and the submillimeter wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum hold a wealth of information about the evolution of the universe. In particular, cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation and its polarization carry the oldest information in the universe, and provide the best test of the inflationary paradigm available to astronomy today. Detecting gravity waves through their imprint on the CMB polarization would have extraordinary repercussions for cosmology and physics. A transition-edge hot-electron micro - bolometer (THM) consists of a superconducting bilayer transition-edge sensor (TES) with a thin-film absorber. Unlike traditional monolithic bolometers that make use of micromachined structures, the THM em ploys the decoupling between electrons and phonons at millikelvin temperatures to provide thermal isolation. The devices are fabricated photolithographically and are easily integrated with antennas via microstrip transmission lines, and with SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device) readouts. The small volume of the absorber and TES produces a short thermal time constant that facilitates rapid sky scanning. The THM consists of a thin-film metal absorber overlapping a superconducting TES. The absorber forms the termination of a superconducting microstripline that carries RF power from an antenna. The purpose of forming a separate absorber and TES is to allow flexibility in the optimization of the two components. In particular, the absorbing film's impedance can be chosen to match the antenna, while the TES impedance can be chosen to match to the readout SQUID amplifier. This scheme combines the advantages of the TES with the advantages of planar millimeter-wave transmission line circuits. Antenna-coupling to the detectors via planar transmission lines allows the detector dimensions to be much smaller than a wavelength, so the technique can be extended across the entire microwave, millimeter, and submillimeter wavelength ranges. The circuits are fabricated using standard microlithographic techniques and are compatible with uniform, large array formats. Unlike traditional monolithic bolometers that make use of micromachined structures, the THM employs the decoupling between electrons and phonons at millikelvin temperatures to provide thermal isolation. There is no fragile membrane in the structure for thermal isolation, which improves the fabrication yield

Preparation and catalytic evaluation of ruthenium–nickel dendrimer encapsulated nanoparticles via intradendrimer redox displacement of nickel nanoparticles

Ru and Ru_xNi_(30) dendrimer encapsulated nanoparticles (DENs) were synthesized using a redox-displacement method. DEN catalytic activity for the reduction of p-nitrophenol was evaluated and found to be dependent on the ratio of metals present