Design dis-integration Silent, Partial, and Disparate Design

Michael Porter’s frameworks for analysing and planning competitive differentiation (Porter 1980, 1985) are established ‘textbook’ tools, widely taught to business students today. As the claim of design’s strategic importance is increasingly heard, we ask where does design fit in established strategy thinking? This paper documents a proposed conceptual model based on Porter’s value chain model for strategic planning. The concept outlined is the result of the first stage of a larger study of design’s potential role at strategic level and the difficulties faced by organisations in exploiting design strategically. This exploratory phase comprised a review of literature on design management and models of strategy, followed by nineteen interviews with senior design professionals. These then informed a novel revision of the value chain diagram reflecting the strategic role of design, and the identification of three key phenomena concerning design integration (silent design, partial design and disparate design). These phenomena are also represented in modified versions of the value chain. This overall project follows a research approach based on the design research method and on procedural action research, and aims to develop a tool or method to help organisations increase design integration. This project is ongoing, and the results will be published separately. Keywords: Strategic; value chain; silent; partial; disparate; integrated</p

Richard E. Hughes (editor): Perspectives on Trade and Exchange in California and the Great Basin

I reviewed articles published in Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science and Journal of Neuroscience from 1/17 through 12/17. Articles were selected based upon relevance to clinicians and researchers in the field of Neuro Ophthalmology. Articles of particular interest were chosen for presentation

Mixed layer temperature response to the southern annular mode: Mechanisms and model representation

Previous studies have shown that simulated sea surface temperature (SST) responses to the southern annular mode (SAM) in phase 3 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3) climate models compare poorly to the observed response. The reasons behind these model inaccuracies are explored. The ocean mixed layer heat budget is examined in four of the CMIP3 models and by using observations- reanalyses. The SST response to the SAM is predominantly driven by sensible and latent heat flux and Ekman heat transport anomalies. The radiative heat fluxes play a lesser but nonnegligible role. Errors in the simulated SST responses are traced back to deficiencies in the atmospheric response to the SAM. The models exaggerate the surface wind response to the SAM leading to large unrealistic Ekman transport anomalies. During the positive phase of the SAM, this results in excessive simulated cooling in the 40°-65°S latitudes. Problems with the simulated wind stress responses, which relate partly to errors in the simulated winds themselves and partly to the transfer coefficients used in the models, are a key cause of the errors in the SST response. In the central Pacific sector (90°-150°W), errors arise because the simulated SAM is too zonally symmetric. Substantial errors in the net shortwave radiation are also found, resulting from a poor repre- sentation of the changes in cloud cover associated with the SAM. The problems in the simulated SST re- sponses shown by this study are comparable to deficiencies previously identified in the CMIP3 multimodel mean. Therefore, it is likely that the deficiencies identified here are common to other climate models

Introductory Chemistry

Teaching and Learning resources for the 1st Year Introductory Chemistry course (Forensic Science). 30 credits. These are Open Educational Resources (OER), made available for re-use under a Creative Commons license

Forensic NAPL Determination And Plume Differentiation – A Case Study

Recent developments in laboratory analytical techniques, when combined with application of multivariate statistical analyses allow differentiation and delineation of comingled NAPLs and resultant contaminant plumes. The increase in laboratory expertise and a growing body of relevant studies in case literature have made possible evaluation of petroleum impacted media through relatively standard techniques a reality, and well within the realm of economical site assessments. The application of several methods to determine the number, type, and timing of multiple NAPL releases at a commercial facility in an urban setting will be summarized. The combination of chemical, historical, and statistical techniques has allowed for a more complete evaluation of NAPL sources and release histories than was initially thought possible. In the examined case, overlapping NAPL plumes are defined, delineated, and identified; and source identifications for individual releases are completed. These evaluations resulted in identification of previously unconfirmed sources, improved characterization of the nature of NAPL present, and refined fate, transport, and feasibility evaluations for the conceptual site model

Effects of Performance Feedback on High School Teachers’ Use of Opportunities to Respond and Positive Feedback: Considering Efficiency in High Need Schools

The transition into high school presents new challenges for adolescents and performance in ninth grade is highly predictive of success throughout the remainder of high school. However, focus on teacher performance has great promise for increasing student engagement in the classroom and raising student achievement. Unfortunately, many of these practices typically are not implemented within classrooms where students are at highest risk for failure. Two studies were implemented to examine the effect of simple performance feedback strategies as a means of increasing teachers’ provision of opportunities for student responses and positive feedback during instruction. Results showed no effect in teacher behavior as a result of performance feedback. A discussion considers the implications of high need schools, efficiency, and the necessary and sufficient strategies for changing teacher behavior

Crop nutrient deficiencies & toxicities

Integrated Pest ManagementPlant Protection ProgramsCollege of Agriculture, Food and Natural ResourcesPublished by MU Extension, University of Missouri-ColumbiaGene Stevens, Department of Agronomy, University of Missouri-Delta Center; Peter Motavalli, Soil Science Program, University of Missouri-Columbia; Peter Scharf, Department of Agronomy, University of Missouri-Columbia; Manjula Nathan, Department of Agronomy, University of Missouri-Columbia; David Dunn, Soil Test Laboratory, University of Missouri-Delta CenterUnless otherwise credited in the captions, the photographs were provided by the authors. Many of the symptom descriptions were taken from MU publication G9132, Signs of Crop Hunger, by Marshall Christy."Reviewed November 2018" -- websiteSoil fertility is one of several factors, including light, moisture, weeds, insects, and diseases, that affect crop yield (Figure 1). An important part of crop farming is being able to identify and prevent plant nutrient deficiencies and toxicities. This publication provides background information on the nature and development of crop nutrient disorders under the growing conditions commonly encountered in Missouri. It is a guide to identifying crop nutrient problems through observable symptoms on crop plants. Information is provided on effects of climatic conditions on plant nutrient availability, and the results of soil and plant tissue testing

The other side of the coin: harm due to the non-use of health-related data

ABSTRACT Objectives It is widely acknowledged that breaches and misuses of health-related data can have serious implications and consequently they often carry penalties. However, harm due to the omission of health data usage, or data non use, is a subject that lacks attention. A better understanding of this other side of the coin is required before it can be addressed effectively. Approach This article uses an international case study approach to explore why data non use is difficult to ascertain, the sources and types of health-related data non-use, its implications for citizens and society and some of the reasons it occurs. It does this by focussing on issues with clinical care records, research data and governance frameworks and associated examples of non-use. Results The non-use of health-related data is a complex issue with multiple sources and reasons contributing to it. Instances of data non-use can be associated with harm, but taken together they describe a trail of data non-use, and this may complicate and compound its impacts. Actual evidence of data non-use is sparse and harm due to data non use is difficult to prove. But although it can be nebulous, it is a real problem with largely unquantifiable consequences. There is ample indirect evidence that health data non-use is implicated in the deaths of many thousands of people and potentially £billions in financial burdens to societies. Conclusion The most effective initiatives to address specific contexts of data non-use will be those that are cognisant of the multiple aspects to this complex issue, in order to move towards socially responsible reuse of data becoming the norm to save lives and resources

Time to reduce CD4+ monitoring for the management of antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected individuals

Access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is expanding at a rapid rate in resource-limited settings, with ambitious goals such as having 90% of infected individuals on ART by 2020. With the expansion of ART, there will be the need to expand assays for both HIV diagnosis and monitoring. To achieve these goals, clinical and diagnostic algorithms need to undergo constant review to ensure that they remain relevant and have the desired impact. While all assays used in HIV care need to be considered, this opinion focuses on the changes that could be made to CD4+ testing algorithms, resulting in reduced use allowing funds to be diverted to the current gold standard assay for measuring treatment success, the HIV viral load.