Compositional ripening of particle-stabilized drops in a three-liquid system

A composition gradient between drops drives diffusion between them and the spontaneous formation of droplets which gel in the surrounding bath.</p

Measurement of Atmospheric Ultraviolet Radiation from a Low Earth Orbit Satellite

The design and expected measurements of the Atmospheric Ultraviolet Radiance Analyzer (AURA) are presented. The goal of AURA is to provide global measurements of the ultraviolet emissions (1150 A to ~1900 A) from the Earth\u27s atmosphere. These measurements will include spectra and images. AURA is expected to fly in a near circular, high inclination angle orbit. AURA is designed to have sufficient sensitivity to observe relatively weak emissions in the nighttime tropical arcs or the diffuse aurora. It will also provide excellent signal to noise measurements of the day airglow and discrete auroral arcs. The measurements will provide information on atmospheric background emissions and can be used to test remote sensing techniques for ionospheric parameters such as electron density profiles. The AURA instrument will provide two channels of UV observations. Each channel uses a 1/8 meter Ebert-Fastie spectrometer mated to a telescope with a scanning mirror. The scan mirrors and grating angles will be precisely controlled by stepper motors and will use optical fiducials to determine absolute positioning. The two channels operate independently in mode (imaging, spectral, or photometer), viewing direction, or observed wavelength. This independence allows for imaging the two channels on the same area of observation at slightly shifted times. The field-of-regard of these channels is a 180° swath perpendicular to the orbital path (spacecraft velocity vector). The angular field of- view of these channels will be approximately 2° by 0.2°. From the orbital altitudes anticipated (~700 to 1000 km), this will provide higher spatial resolution than previous auroral images from spacecraft

Revitalising Collyweston limestone slate production by artificial freeze/thaw splitting

Extraction of limestone roofing slate from Collyweston was an industry which was considered extinct by the early 1990′s, with building repairs relying on wholesale recycling of roofing from demolished buildings. Traditionally stone extracted from the mines was exposed to natural cycles of freeze/thaw to facilitate splitting. Work was undertaken over several years to investigate the resources available and whether these could be artificially frozen to produce slates. The work identified a freeze/thaw regime which could be used to produce roofing slates for historic buildings and which were used in the Historic England restoration of Apethorpe Palace. Mining of the Collyweston limestone stone has now resumed and uses artificial freezing to achieve production of slates which is economically feasible due to the faster process time

THE EFFECTS OF A NOVEL EXERCISE TRAINING SUIT ON CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS, BODY COMPOSITION AND LEG STRENGTH

ABSTRACT The Effects of a Novel Exercise Training Suit on Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Body Composition and Leg Strength Trevor Michael Curry The physiological responses to physical activity or exercise using external load carriage systems (LCS) in the form of weighted personal protective equipment, backpacks, or vests have biomechanical and human performance implications. It remains unclear whether a new unique LCS in the form of a weighted (5.45 kg) full-bodied exercise suit can induce greater improvements in performance and body composition. Twenty-one healthy males (20±3 years; 24.9±3.6 body mass index (BMI); 25.1±6.4% total percentage body fat ( % fat); 120.1±17.3 kg lean mass; 146.2±35.4 kg leg press 1-repetition max; 1.25±0.14 g·cm-2 bone mineral density; 49.5±8.53 mLO2·kg-1·min-1 maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max)) were matched for VO2max and physical characteristics before being randomly allocated into an aerobic exercise intervention with or without the exercise suit using a treadmill at the Cal Poly Recreation Center. Participants jogged at 60%-70% of their maximum heart rate for 30 min three times a week on nonconsecutive days for six weeks. Weight was recorded before and after each session while heart rates, blood pressures, and tympanic membrane temperatures were recorded incrementally during each session. Thereafter, VO2max and the same physical characteristics were measured and used to analyze the changes before and after the 6-week program. The results indicate that there was no difference for the change in any of the variables measured during and between the exercise intervention. Future studies examining the effect of the exercise suit on these variables should strongly consider larger sample sizes and other subpopulations to gain the statistical power to measure the effects of the exercise suit

Medición del SO2 usando el espectrómetro de correlación UV "Flyspec" y monitoreo geoquímico de fuentes termales en el volcán Ubinas (Moquegua)

El volcán Ubinas, ubicado entre las coordenadas 16°22’ sur y 70°54’ oeste, con 5672 msnm es conocido como el volcán más activo en el sur del Perú durante tiempos históricos, con 23 pequeñas erupciones o intensas crisis fumarólicas que datan desde 1550. Debido a su recurrencia explosiva y a su proximidad a los poblados (5000 habitantes) ubicados en el valle adyacente a 6 km del cráter, el volcán Ubinas surge como una de las prioridades más altas en el monitoreo volcánico en el sur del Perú. Los objetivos del presente trabajo son: 1) Obtener mediciones de línea de base de emisiones de dióxido de azufre volcánico (SO2) en la caldera del volcán Ubinas usando el espectrómetro de correlación UV “FLYSPEC. 2) Realizar un sistema continuo de monitoreo geoquímico de dos fuentes termales situadas hacia la base del volcán activo Ubinas

Biofilm formation by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Escherichia coli on epithelial cells following mixed inoculations

Biofilms were formed by inoculations of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Escherichia coli on HEp-2 cells. Inoculations of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium and E. coli resulted in the formation of an extensive biofilm of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium. In experiments where an E. coli biofilm was first formed followed by challenge with S. enterica serovar Typhimurium, there was significant biofilm formation by S. enterica serovar Typhimurium. The results of this study indicate that S. enterica serovar Typhimurium can outgrow E. coli in heterologous infections and displace E. coli when it forms a biofilm on HEp-2 cells

ISO LWS Spectroscopy of M82: A Unified Evolutionary Model

We present the first complete far-infrared spectrum (43 to 197 um) of M82, the brightest infrared galaxy in the sky, taken with the Long Wavelength Spectrometer of the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO). We detected seven fine structure emission lines, [OI] 63 and 145 um, [OIII] 52 and 88 um, [NII] 122 um, [NIII] 57 um and [CII] 158 um, and fit their ratios to a combination starburst and photo-dissociation region (PDR) model. The best fit is obtained with HII regions with n = 250 cm^{-3} and an ionization parameter of 10^{-3.5} and PDRs with n = 10^{3.3} cm^{-3} and a far-ultraviolet flux of G_o = 10^{2.8}. We applied both continuous and instantaneous starburst models, with our best fit being a 3-5 Myr old instantaneous burst model with a 100 M_o cut-off. We also detected the ground state rotational line of OH in absorption at 119.4 um. No excited level OH transitions are apparent, indicating that the OH is almost entirely in its ground state with a column density ~ 4x10^{14} cm^{-2}. The spectral energy distribution over the LWS wavelength range is well fit with a 48 K dust temperature and an optical depth, tau_{Dust} proportional to lambda^{-1}.Comment: 23 pages, 4 figures, accepted by ApJ, Feb. 1, 199

Oxide_Oxide Ceramic Matrix Composite (CMC) Exhaust Mixer Development in the NASA Environmentally Responsible Aviation (ERA) Project

LibertyWorks, a subsidiary of Rolls-Royce Corporation, first studied CMC (ceramic matrix composite) exhaust mixers for potential weight benefits in 2008. Oxide CMC potentially offered weight reduction, higher temperature capability, and the ability to fabricate complex-shapes for increased mixing and noise suppression. In 2010, NASA was pursuing the reduction of NOx emissions, fuel burn, and noise from turbine engines in Phase I of the Environmentally Responsible Aviation (ERA) Project (within the Integrated Systems Research Program). ERA subtasks, including those focused on CMC components, were being formulated with the goal of maturing technology from Proof of Concept Validation (Technology Readiness Level 3 (TRL 3)) to System/Subsystem or Prototype Demonstration in a Relevant Environment (TRL 6). LibertyWorks, a subsidiary of Rolls-Royce Corporation, first studied CMC (ceramic matrix composite) exhaust mixers for potential weight benefits in 2008. Oxide CMC potentially offered weight reduction, higher temperature capability, and the ability to fabricate complex-shapes for increased mixing and noise suppression. In 2010, NASA was pursuing the reduction of NOx emissions, fuel burn, and noise from turbine engines in Phase I of the Environmentally Responsible Aviation (ERA) Project (within the Integrated Systems Research Program). ERA subtasks, including those focused on CMC components, were being formulated with the goal of maturing technology from Proof of Concept Validation (Technology Readiness Level 3 (TRL 3)) to System/Subsystem or Prototype Demonstration in a Relevant Environment (TRL 6). Oxide CMC component at both room and elevated temperatures. A TRL5 (Component Validation in a Relevant Environment) was attained and the CMC mixer was cleared for ground testing on a Rolls-Royce AE3007 engine for performance evaluation to achieve TRL 6