Le système de cotation de la Banque de France : un atout pour la Banque centrale et un outil pour les banques.

Au service des opérations de refinancement monétaire et du dispositif prudentiel Bâle II, le système de cotation de la Banque de France répond aux besoins des banques, particulièrement dans le contexte actuel de crise économique.cotation, notation, Banque de France, refinancement monétaire, Bâle II, ICAS, ECAF, OEEC, Eurosystème, États généraux de l’industrie.

Analisis Penggunaan Kardus Sebagai Kemasan Dan Dekorasi Ramah Lingkungan Di Dusdukduk Surabaya

Seiring perkebangan jaman kardus mulai banyak digunakan sebagai bahan yang ramah lingkungan. Ternyata kardus yang dikenal hanya digunakan sebagai kemasan saja oleh masyarakat dapat dijadikan sebuah inovasi pembuatan dekorasi unik dan apik, pemanfaatan kardus sebagai dekorasi di Indonesia sendiri juga tergolong masih sedikit bahkan jarang, salah satu perusahaan asal Surabaya bernama Dusdukduk berhasil mengubah kardus menjadi dekorasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana penggunan kardus sebagai kemasan dan dekorasi di Dusdukduk Surabaya dari segi teknik pembuatan, material serta proses pembuatannya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif komparatif dengan metode pengumpulan data melalui observasi, dokumentasi dan studi literatur yang didapat dari kegiatan magang selama delapan bulan. Dengan adanya ide dekorasi dari kardus, Dusdukduk sendiri mampu membuat banyak orang menggunakan jasa dalam pembuatan dekorasi yang tergolong ramah lingkungan serta mudah di daur ulang sehingga tidak mencemari lingkungan

Study of Lung Function of Sawmill Processed Wood Workers in Pasir Panjang Village

Wood sawmill workers were at risk for impaired lung function, this is due to one of the work processes, namely sawing which produces wood dust. The previous survey showed about 60% of respondents had impaired lung function. The study aimed to determine associated factors of lung function of sawmill processed wood workers in the village of Pasir Panjang. This study was a quantitative with a cross sectional design. The research sample was 40 workers in the Processed Wood Sawmill, Pasir Panjang Village. The sample size was determined by the total population. Data analysis used chi square test. The results showed about 85.0% of respondents had abnormal lung function, 67.5% of respondents had a long working period, 55.0% of respondents smoked and 60% of respondents were at risk. Bivariate analysis showed there was a relationship between years of service (p-value=0.010) and age (p-value=0.029) with lung function in Processed Wood Sawmill workers in Pasir Panjang Village, Jambi City. There was no relationship between smoking habit and lung function in sawmill workers in Pasir Panjang, Jambi City (p-value=0.073). It was expected that the owner of the processed wood sawmill to measure the dust content at least once a year and install an exhaust fan with a large blower capacity in the production are

Approaches for reducing the iodine content of the brown seaweed Saccharina latissima—effects on sensory properties

The effects of steam- or warm water treatments of the brown seaweed Saccharina latissima on iodine content and nutrient and sensory profiles were investigated. Warm freshwater or seawater treatments reduced the dry weight iodine content by 73% and 59%, respectively. Steam treatment was less efficient and only reduced the iodine content by 26%. Freshwater treatment resulted in a greater reduction in total solids and loss of water-soluble components, mainly reducing the content of ash and carbohydrates. Seawater treatment had a small effect on total solid content but altered the mineral profile leading to an increase in sodium and decrease in potassium content. The sensory profiles reflected the observed differences in composition as it revealed a significantly higher saltiness of the seawater-treated sample compared to other treatments, as well as a higher umami intensity compared to the freshwater-treated sample. The latter was characterized by low scores across all sensory attributes, indicating greater loss of flavour-active compounds. Further, including seawater-treated S. latissima at relatively low levels (0.5% and 1%) significantly altered the flavour of a commercial spinach soup compared to the same preparation without seaweed. Therefore, warm water treatment using seawater could be an alternative method for lowering the iodine content in brown seaweed while limiting nutrient loss and maintaining its flavour potential for applications in the food industry.publishedVersio

Monitoring gonadal somatic cell differentiation during sex determination using single-cell RNA sequencing

Mammalian sex determination is a particularly interesting model to study cell fate decision. Depending on the genetic sex, the common gonadal primordium is able to differentiate as two different organs, the testis and the ovary. This PhD project aimed to dissect with single-cell RNA-sequencing the process of sex determination in mouse by characterising the transcriptomic changes occurring in the different somatic cell lineages from the bipotential state to advanced developing testes and ovaries. For this purpose, we proceeded to single-cell RNA sequencing of the gonadal somatic cells (NR5A1 expressing cells) from XX and XY mice at key stages of the gonad development. With cell lineage predictive algorithms and pseudotime ordering, we were able to reconstruct the chronology of events driving testis and ovary development, as well as sex fate decision in both supporting and steroidogenic cell lineages

The Banque de France rating system: an asset for the Central Bank and a tool for commercial banks.

Used in the framework of monetary refinancing operations and Basel II, the Banque de France rating system meets the needs of banks, in particular in the context of the current economic crisis.Banque de France ratings, company ratings, monetary refi nancing, Basel II, ICAS, ECAF, ECAI, Eurosystem, Industry Forum.

Genetic Control of Gonadal Sex Determination and Development

Sex determination is the process by which the bipotential gonads develop as either testes or ovaries. With two distinct potential outcomes, the gonadal primordium offers a unique model for the study of cell fate specification and how distinct cell populations diverge from multipotent progenitors. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of the genetic programs and epigenetic mechanisms that regulate gonadal sex determination and the regulation of cell fate commitment in the bipotential gonads. We rely primarily on mouse data to illuminate the complex and dynamic genetic programs controlling cell fate decision and sex-specific cell differentiation during gonadal formation and gonadal sex determination

Single cell transcriptome sequencing: A new approach for the study of mammalian sex determination

Mammalian sex determination is a highly complex developmental process that is particularly difficult to study due to the limited number of gonadal cells present at the bipotential stage, the large cellular heterogeneity in both testis and ovaries and the rapid sex-dependent differentiation processes. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) circumvents the averaging artifacts associated with methods traditionally used to profile bulk populations of cells. It is a powerful tool that allows the identification and classification of cell populations in a comprehensive and unbiased manner. In particular, scRNA-seq enables the tracing of cells along developmental trajectories and characterization of the transcriptional dynamics controlling their differentiation. In this review, we describe the current state-of-the-art experimental methods used for scRNA-seq and discuss their strengths and limitations. Additionally, we summarize the multiple key insights that scRNA-seq has provided to the understanding of mammalian sex determination. Finally, we briefly discuss the future of this technology, as well as complementary applications in single cell -omics in the context of mammalian sex determination

THE EFFECT OF TAX AVOIDANCE, TAX RISK, AND PROFITABILITY ON THE COST OF DEBT IN ENERGY SECTOR COMPANIES LISTED ON THE IDX FOR THE 2019-2021 PERIOD

As for the main direction of this research is to be able to understand the relationship of tax avoidancetax risk and profitability to the variable cost of debt. As information material to meet research needs, data is used through the financial reports ofenergy sector companies listed on the IDX for the periode 2019-2021. The population of this study is 74 companies, this population is taken from companies operating in the energy sector which are listed on the IDX. The author took 20 companies as areference sample in this study. In the results it was found that tax avoidance did not affect the cost of debt and tax risk had no effect nor was it significant on cost of debt and tax avoidance, tax risk and profitability proved to have no effect significant for energy sector companies listed on the IDX for the 2019-2021 period