On the performance of polypropylene : between synthesis and end-use properties

Numerous publications have appeared which focus on the opic `structure and end-use properties relationship in PP¿. However, none of these research groups has ever tried a holistic approach. A holistic approach based on the ¿chain of knowledge¿ aims to determine and understand the end-use properties of parts, based on well-defined polymers. Primarily, the present thesis has followed that idea and studied systematically the influence of the molecular structure on the resultant mechanical properties of injection-moulded polypropylene (PP) parts for the first time. The results found offer exciting and essential new insight into the polymeric structure-properties relationship and provide a more fundamental understanding of isotactic PP

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Based on city council documents, press archives and oral testimonies, this analysis explores the state-funded housing project Villa Olímpica (now the Población Exequiel González Cortés). The project was designed to accommodate members of the Chilean middle classes and was located in eastern Santiago in the district of Ñuñoa. The combined issues of housing, personal savings and education are key to the evolution of housing projects subsidized by the then Corporación de la Vivienda (Housing Corporation, CORVI) within the framework of national capitalism. These elements also help to shed light on the evolution of middle-class lifestyles or modes of living, as it was these groups who benefitted most from such schemes thanks to the gentrifying aspect of State policy that was applied to certain housing projects. The urban development of particular sectors of Santiago, including the district of Ñuñoa, can be seen to have occurred in parallel to the flourishing of the middle classes. This was due in part to the production of modern urban spaces to which these sectors of society were particularly attracted, but was also driven by an increase in the social value of home ownership, an aspiration central to the middle-class experience, along with neighborhood life in such sectors. Built during the 1960s, the Villa Olímpica is not only iconic, but crucial to understanding the subjectivities and evolution of space and middle-class housing in Chile. ARK: http://id.caicyt.gov.ar/ark:/s25458299/qdak1kh9pBasado en documentos municipales, archivos de prensa y testimonios de historia oral, este análisis se enfoca en el proyecto habitacional para clases medias: Villa Olímpica – Población Exequiel González Cortés, ubicada al oriente de la capital, Santiago, en la comuna de Ñuñoa. La intersección entre vivienda, ahorro y educación resulta fundamental para analizar tanto la evolución de proyectos habitacionales auspiciados por la Corporación de la Vivienda CORVI en el marco de capitalismo nacional, así como la evolución en las formas de habitar de las clases medias. Ellos pudieron extraer el máximo beneficio de estos proyectos habitacionales, dado el tinte gentrificador impreso en el acceso a la casa propia que imponía el Estado hacia algunos de estos proyectos. De esa forma, el desarrollo urbano de ciertos sectores de Santiago, como Ñuñoa, puede ser entendido en paralelo al desarrollo de las clases medias. Ya sea a partir de la producción de espacios urbanos modernos a los que estos sectores resultaban especialmente permeables, en convergencia con el valor de la casa propia en tanto aspiración central de la experiencia clasemediera, así como de las formas de habitar y la vida de barrio de la comuna de Ñuñoa. Construida en la década de 1960, la Villa Olímpica resulta icónica para comprender las subjetividades del espacio y de la vivienda de clases medias en Chile, así como su evolución. ARK: http://id.caicyt.gov.ar/ark:/s25458299/qdak1kh9p--

OTREDADES AL PODER: ‘CHILENIZACIÓN’ DE ÁRABES Y JUDÍOS POLÍTICOS Y SUS SUBJETIVIDADES DE CLASE (1930-1970)

Este artículo se enfoca en la ‘chilenización’ de inmigrantes árabes y judíos a través de su incorporación en la esfera política nacional. Por medio del análisis de discurso desprendido de prensa nacional en complemento con testimonios de historia oral y fuentes literarias, el enfoque en las carreras políticas de Rafael Tarud y Ángel Faivovich servirán de referentes para responder las siguientes inquietudes ¿Qué relevancia desempeñaron las subjetividades de clases medias en la elección de la ciudadanía como agencia política de los árabes-chilenos y judíos-chilenos? ¿Cuál fue el alcance de la ‘chilenización’ en la agencia política de los árabes-chilenos y judíos-chilenos? ¿Cómo eran percibidos estos políticos entre sus pares –los políticos locales– y la sociedad en general? ABSTRACT This article focuses on the ‘Chileanization’ of Arab and Jewish immigrants through their incorporation into the national political sphere, through the analysis of discourse derived from the national press and complemented by oral history testimonies and literary sources, the focus on the political careers of Rafael Tarud and Ángel Faivovich will serve as referents to answer the following questions: What relevance did the subjectivities of the middle classes play in the choice of citizenship as the political agency of the Arabs-Chileans and Jewish-Chileans? What was the scope of the ‘Chileanization’ in the political agency of the Arabs-Chileans and Jews-Chileans? How were these politicians perceived among their peers –the local politicians– and society in general

La paz neutra y el ‘chileno abnegado’. Inmigrantes y sectores medios en Chile 1930-1960

Between the years 1930-1960, Chile experienced some of the same physiognomy changes that Latin American societies had been facing since the beginning of the 20th century. At the time, Chilean immigrants were formulating their identities and perceived the middle sectors as their equals. The middle sectors were developing their social class sensibility and thus helped foster a general sense of open attitude and inclusion. At the same time, immigrants were dealing with their ‘Chileanization’ process and took advantage of the middle sectors’ feelings of respect for the immigrants’ efforts and accomplishments. Therefore, in general, the middle sectors symbolized a space of coexistence and neutrality, following the same path of aspiration that neutral peace theory proposes. This paper examines the linkage between immigrants and middle sectors in Chile from the viewpoint of the neutral peace theory. The narrative of the social collective imaginary of middle sectors facilitated immigrants’ integration into Chilean society. For middle sectors their specific memberships and senses of belonging were valued more than a “middle class” identification. In fact Chilean middle sectors preferred to imagine themselves there only as a momentary station, in transition, on their way to something better, similar to the way their immigrant counterparts felt. In fact, middle sectors admired the immigrants’ sacrifices and identified with them. This translated into a mutually beneficial openness as the immigrants sought harmony in their new environment. Here the neutral peace theory plays a role in understanding the scope of immigrants’ acculturation into local society, as well as exposing the ways in which sectors in the middle served as a unifying agent. Gradually immigrants ‘chileanized’, by integrating and assembling new components of their Chilean identities while retaining their ethnic ones. Therefore, a key figure in unraveling the convergence and divergence of the linkage between neutral peace, immigrants vis-á-vis middle sectors experiences, is what I introduce in this paper as the ‘Selfless Chilean’.Entre 1930-1960, Chile, de la mano con el cambio en la fisionomía de las sociedades Latinoamericanas en general que databa desde principios del s. XX, fue transformándose paulatinamente en una sociedad de consumo masivo. Entonces, las experiencias de los inmigrantes chilenos en su proceso de ‘chilenización’ potenciaban el vínculo con los sectores medios, porque entre estos eran tratados como iguales. El desarrollo de la sensibilidad de clase de los sectores medios contribuyó a fomentar un sentido de apertura e inclusión hacia los inmigrantes. Así, a medida que los inmigrantes se ‘chilenizaban’, extraían las ventajas del respeto que les profesaban los sectores medios por sus admirables esfuerzos; de ahí que los sectores medios en general hayan simbolizado un espacio de coexistencia y neutralidad en continuación al mismo patrón de aspiración que la teoría de la paz neutra propone. Este artículo se enfoca en el vínculo entre inmigrantes y sectores medios en Chile desde la perspectiva de la paz neutra. Las narrativas del imaginario social colectivo de los sectores medios facilitaron la incorporación de los inmigrantes en la sociedad chilena. Para los sectores medios sus membresías y sentidos de pertenencia poseían más valor que una identificación como “clase media”. De hecho, los sectores medios preferían imaginarse a sí mismos allí sólo como una estación de paso transitoria en su camino hacia algo mejor; criterio que compartían con los inmigrantes. Los sectores medios admiraban los sacrificios de los inmigrantes y se identificaban con ellos. Esto se tradujo en una beneficiosa apertura de ambas partes ya que los inmigrantes anhelaban armonía en su nuevo entorno. Es aquí donde la teoría de paz neutra toma protagonismo tanto para comprender los alcances de la aculturación de los inmigrantes de entonces en la sociedad local, así como para exponer de qué maneras los sectores medios sirvieron como agente unificador. De este modo los inmigrantes se ‘chilenizaron’ y su nivel de incorporación aumentó gradualmente. La integración de los inmigrantes contempló nuevos componentes identitarios para ellos, mas su ‘chilenización’ no fue impedimento para mantener su etnicidad. De esta manera surge una figura clave para desenmarañar las convergencias y divergencias resultantes de las experiencias del vínculo entre paz neutra, inmigrantes vis-á-vis sectores medios, la que en este artículo introduzco como ‘chileno abnegado’

Untersuchungen zur Asparagin Synthetase-Expression als Surrogatparameter für das Therapieansprechen auf L-Asparaginase und für L-Asparaginase Toxizität

L-Asparaginase ist Bestandteil der Therapie der ALL und des NHL. Es katalysiert die Hydrolyse von L-Asparagin . Normale Körperzellen besitzen Asparagin Synthetase (ASYN), die die Synthese des L-Asparagins ermöglicht. Eine erhöhte Expression führt zur Resistenz gegenüber L-Asparaginase. Für eine Subgruppe der ALL (TEL/AML 1 pos.) konnte im MTT-Test eine höhere Sensitivität gegenüber L-Asparaginase nachgewiesen werden. Die Bestimmung der ASYN-mRNAKonzentration (RT-PCR) in Subgruppen mit/ohne Translokation konnte bestätigen, dass die TEL/AML1 positive Gruppe eine verminderte Expression besitzt. Desweiteren wurde ein Zusammenhang zwischen ASYN-Expression und Nebenwirkungen der L-Asparaginase überprüft. Ein matched-pair Vergleich von Patienten mit/ohne Nebenwirkungen ergab jedoch eine ausgeprägte Variabilität der ASYN-Expression, so dass eine prognostische Aussage bezüglich der Verträglichkeit der L-Asparaginase nicht möglich ist

Physical Therapy Faculty, Clinical Instructors, and Employer Expectations for New DPT Graduates in the Acute Care Setting

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine how the expectations of new graduate physical therapists held by physical therapy faculty (PTF), clinical instructors (CIs), and employers (PTE) compared in the acute care (AC) setting, and determine if graduates are meeting the entry-level expectations of the three stakeholders in acute care. Methods: This mixed method study used Survey Monkey to gather data from participants. Faculty, CIs and PTEs were recruited from CAPTE accredited DPT programs. The current survey used the top 25 characteristics developed by the Delphi study by Gazsi to determine level of agreement of importance among the three participant groups for entry-level performance in acute care. Results: The study had 399 participants. Of the 25 characteristics, 7 were ranked most important by more than 75% of all participant groups combined. Two characteristics – safe and reliable – were consistently ranked highest by all 3 participant groups. Four significant differences among groups were for the characteristics of recognition of red flags, critical thinker, problem solver, and team player. A majority (82.4%) reported that new graduates were meeting expectations. Conclusions: Although the majority of participants reported that new graduates were meeting expectations, the implication of differences in expectations among some of the participants is that these differences should be considered in curricula development. Key words: DPT education, employer expectations, DPT entry-level expectation

Investigating interocclusal perception in tactile teeth sensibility using symmetric and asymmetric analysis

The purpose of this clinical trial was to determine the active tactile sensibility of natural teeth and to obtain a statistical analysis method fitting a psychometric function through the observed data points. On 68 complete dentulous test persons (34 males, 34 females, mean age 45.9 ± 16.1years), one pair of healthy natural teeth each was tested: n = 24 anterior teeth and n = 44 posterior teeth. The computer-assisted, randomized measurement was done by having the subjects bite on thin copper foils of different thickness (5-200µm) inserted between the teeth. The threshold of active tactile sensibility was defined by the 50% value of correct answers. Additionally, the gradient of the sensibility curve and the support area (90-10% value) as a description of the shape of the sensibility curve were calculated. For modeling the sensibility curve, symmetric and asymmetric functions were used. The mean sensibility threshold was 14.2 ± 12.1µm. The older the subject, the higher the tactile threshold (r = 0.42, p = 0.0006). The support area was 41.8 ± 43.3µm. The higher the 50% threshold, the smaller the gradient of the curve and the larger the support area. The curves showing the active tactile sensibility of natural teeth demonstrate a tendency towards asymmetry, so that the active tactile sensibility of natural teeth can mathematically best be described by using the asymmetric Weibull functio