The Content of Several Measures of Social Desirability

The question of whether to remove socially desirable responding (SDR) variance from self-report personality inventories, or to treat it as a facet of personality, has been the center of a debate spanning the last 25 years (Furnham, 1986). Recently, this controversy again came to the forefront of the literature via an exchange between a group of researchers (Block, 1990; Edwards, 1990; Nicholson & Hogan, 1990; Walsh, 1990). The essence of this debate is whether the correlation between a SDR scale and a personality scale indicated that the personality scale is contaminated by SDR bias, or if it merely indicates that there is content overlap between the two types of scales

An environmental assessment of the summer plankton in the vicinity of the C.P. Crane generating station

A preliminary survey of summer plankton in ·waters surrounding the C. P. Crane generating station in Bengies, Maryland, revealed several possible effects of plant operation. These perturbations were separated into apparent small-scale and large-scale effects: Small-scale effects were limited to the immediate discharge region of Saltpeter Creek and included (1) occasional elevation of temperatures at the surface (in August) to above the lethal limit for most zooplankton and sufficiently high to inhibit photosynthesis, (2) a decrease in chlorophyll-a, seen in July and August, (3) a sharp decrease in productivity, also in July and August, and (4) absence of a common cladoceran in July. Possible large-scale effects covered most of the sampled area and included (1) a reduction in diversity due to displacement of a natural freshwater community with an oligohaline one that has been altered somewhat by the addition of heat, (2) increased temperature and productivity throughout Saltpeter Creek and the lower Gunpowder River when higher ambient temperatures coincide with peak demand for electric power and (3) an increase in the barnacle population by the provision of submerged power plant structures for settlement of larvae and the distribution of larvae throughout the system via cooling water discharged into Saltpeter Creek

Data Flow Maps—Increasing Data Processing Transparency and Privacy Compliance in the Enterprise

In recent years, well-known cyber breaches have placed growing pressure on organizations to implement proper privacy and data protection standards. Attacks involving the theft of employee and customer personal information have damaged the reputations of well-known brands, resulting in significant financial costs. As a result, governments across the globe are actively examining and strengthening laws to better protect the personal data of its citizens. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) updates European privacy law with an array of provisions that better protect consumers and require organizations to focus on accounting for privacy in their business processes through “privacy-by-design” and “privacy by default” principles. In the US, the National Privacy Research Strategy (NPRS), makes several recommendations that reinforce the need for organizations to better protect data. In response to these rapid developments in privacy compliance, data flow mapping has emerged as a valuable tool. Data flow mapping depicts the flow of data through a system or process, enumerating specific data elements handled, while identifying the risks at different stages of the data lifecycle. This Article explains the critical features of a data flow map and discusses how mapping may improve the transparency of the data lifecycle, while recognizing the limitations in building out data flow maps and the difficulties of maintaining updated maps. The Article then explores how data flow mapping may support data collection, transfer, storage, and destruction practices pursuant to various privacy regulations. Finally, a hypothetical case study is presented to show how data flow mapping was used by an organization to stay compliant with privacy rules and to improve the transparency of information flows

An analysis of phytoplankton, microzooplankton and mesozooplankton populations in the vicinity of the C. P. Crane generating station during the spring months of 1979

Sampling of spring 1979 plankton populations at the C.P. Crane site was conducted at 15 stations during six sampling periods for phytoplankton, at 5 stations monthly from March to June for microzooplankton and monthly at 14 stations for mesozooplankton. Ancillary physical data were collected at all the above stations, while nutrients were measured twice in April

Roles for Multifunctional and Specialized Spinal Interneurons During Motor Pattern Generation in Tadpoles, Zebrafish Larvae, and Turtles

The hindbrain and spinal cord can produce multiple forms of locomotion, escape, and withdrawal behaviors and (in limbed vertebrates) site-specific scratching. Until recently, the prevailing view was that the same classes of central nervous system neurons generate multiple kinds of movements, either through reconfiguration of a single, shared network or through an increase in the number of neurons recruited within each class. The mechanisms involved in selecting and generating different motor patterns have recently been explored in detail in some non-mammalian, vertebrate model systems. Work on the hatchling Xenopus tadpole, the larval zebrafish, and the adult turtle has now revealed that distinct kinds of motor patterns are actually selected and generated by combinations of multifunctional and specialized spinal interneurons. Multifunctional interneurons may form a core, multipurpose circuit that generates elements of coordinated motor output utilized in multiple behaviors, such as left-right alternation. But, in addition, specialized spinal interneurons including separate glutamatergic and glycinergic classes are selectively activated during specific patterns: escape-withdrawal, swimming and struggling in tadpoles and zebrafish, and limb withdrawal and scratching in turtles. These specialized neurons can contribute by changing the way central pattern generator (CPG) activity is initiated and by altering CPG composition and operation. The combined use of multifunctional and specialized neurons is now established as a principle of organization across a range of vertebrates. Future research may reveal common patterns of multifunctionality and specialization among interneurons controlling diverse movements and whether similar mechanisms exist in higher-order brain circuits that select among a wider array of complex movements

Predicting New Product Success or Failure: A Comparison of U.S. and U.K. Practices

We propose a model that allows managers to assess new product development (NPD) projects, combined with the anticipated strategy, prior to introduction and to estimate a probability of success. This model allows for an evaluation and prioritization of resource commitments. A test of this model that compares companies within the United States (U.S.) and the United Kingdom (U.K.) is provided

Reactions of Juvenile Delinquents to "Justified" and "Less Justified" Movie Violence

In order to determine whether juvenile delinquents would respond to the sight of someone being beaten up the same way as previously studied university students, two-thirds of the in stitutionalized delinquents in the sample watched a brief filmed prize fight after having been insulted or treated in a neutral fashion by the experimenter's confederate. A story summary given to the subjects depicted the defeated movie character as either a callous exploiter of other persons or as a more sym pathetic individual. Immediately after the film the insulted de linquents shown the exploiter being beaten administered stronger electric shocks to the confederate than a no-movie control group and somewhat more than other provoked subjects seeing the sympathetic character being hurt. Like the university students, the delinquents had apparently regarded the exploiter's beating as "justified" aggression; and this interpretation temporarily legitimated their own attacks upon their tormentor.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68641/2/10.1177_002242787401100103.pd

Building Community Practice Competencies Globally through the Community Tool Box

People throughout the world are working together to improve conditions in which they live. Although the issues and resources vary by context, what people actually do to effect change—core competencies of assessment, planning, action, evaluation, and sustainability—may be quite similar. To examine what competencies may be most valued in community practice, this report uses data analytics for what users are accessing in the Community Tool Box http://ctb.ku.edu/. This free resource for community health and development, with over 1.7 million unique visitors annually from over 200 countries, showed a six-fold increase in users during the past year (from November 2011 to November 2012). When we examined what users were accessing, the results showed greater interest in some particular competencies such as assessing community needs and resources, developing strategic and action plans, and enhancing cultural competence. Patterns of use suggest that there may be core competencies valued by community members seeking to change conditions and outcomes that matter, which may help inform training and professional development for the millions of people worldwide working to promote health, human development, and social justice.&nbsp

Building Community Practice Competencies Globally through the Community Tool Box

People throughout the world are working together to improve conditions in which they live. Although the issues and resources vary by context, what people actually do to effect change—core competencies of assessment, planning, action, evaluation, and sustainability—may be quite similar. To examine what competencies may be most valued in community practice, this report uses data analytics for what users are accessing in the Community Tool Box http://ctb.ku.edu/. This free resource for community health and development, with over 1.7 million unique visitors annually from over 200 countries, showed a six-fold increase in users during the past year (from November 2011 to November 2012). When we examined what users were accessing, the results showed greater interest in some particular competencies such as assessing community needs and resources, developing strategic and action plans, and enhancing cultural competence. Patterns of use suggest that there may be core competencies valued by community members seeking to change conditions and outcomes that matter, which may help inform training and professional development for the millions of people worldwide working to promote health, human development, and social justice.&nbsp

Sustainability Indicators Past and Present: What Next?

This paper discusses the current state of thought amongst the Sustainability Indicator (SI) community, what has been achieved and where we are succeeding and failing. Recent years have witnessed the rise of “alternative facts” and “fake news” and this paper discusses how SIs fit into this maelstrom, especially as they are themselves designed to encapsulate complexity into condensed signals and it has long been known that SIs can be selectively used to support polarized sides of a debate. This paper draws from chapters in a new edited volume, the “Routledge Handbook of Sustainability Indicators and Indices”, edited by the authors. The book has 34 chapters written by a total of 59 SI experts from a wide range of backgrounds, and attempts to provide a picture of the past and present, strengths and weaknesses of SI development today. This paper is an “analysis of those analyses”—a mindful reflection on reflection, and an assessment of the malign and benign forces at work in 2018 within the SI arena. Finally, we seek to identify where SIs may be going over the coming, unpredictable years