Al naz von roete (Tit. 115,1) : Visualisierung und Metapher in Wolframs Epik

Stephan Fuchs-Jolie zeigt (anhand ausgewählter Textstellen in Wolframs Erzählwerken), wie der Dichter zugleich mit den Grenzen und Möglichkeiten von Repräsentation 0optischer Wahrnehmung in der Sprache die Potenzen und Aporien bildhaften, metaphorischen Sprechens diskutiert

Computational methods for exploring the dynamics of cancer : the potential of state variables for description of complex biological systems

Observing dynamic patterns in silico and comparing them to experimental data in vitro or in vivo could help us identify and quantify dynamic processes. Since modellers are faced with a high degree of complexity of biological systems, appropriate concepts of system descriptions are needed. The use of state variables is expected to make models applicable to a wider range of the dynamics of biological systems. This is demonstrated by the Multi-Hit-Repair (MHR-)model which is based on a transient dose equivalent. The model calculates the survival of cells irradiated by ionizing radiation and it describes correctly a large variety of radio-biological observations. In addition, the MHR-model is bridging the gap between processes at the molecular or cellular level and tissue dynamics

Study of Slow Sand Filtration in Removing Total Coliforms and E.Coli

This study was aimed to evaluate the performance of SSF in removing bacteria (Total Coliforms and E. Coli) in regard to grain size distribution and grain shape intermittently. Two methodological approaches used in this reasearch were literature review and laboratory work. Bacteria removal was analyzed considering two different filter media (Rhine sand-spherical shape and Lava sand-angular shape) with three different grain size distributions. The best performance was attained by filter column F4 which consisted of Lava sand and had the configuration C2 (d10 = 0.07 mm; Cu = 4.2). This filter column achieved 4.7log-units removal of Total Coliforms and 5.0log-units removal of E. coli. The results show that a smaller grain size and an angular shape of sand grain lead to an increase in bacteria removal

Photodesorption of CO ice

At the high densities and low temperatures found in star forming regions, all molecules other than H2 should stick on dust grains on timescales shorter than the cloud lifetimes. Yet these clouds are detected in the millimeter lines of gaseous CO. At these temperatures, thermal desorption is negligible and hence a non-thermal desorption mechanism is necessary to maintain molecules in the gas phase. Here, the first laboratory study of the photodesorption of pure CO ice under ultra high vacuum is presented, which gives a desorption rate of 3E-3 CO molecules per UV (7-10.5 eV) photon at 15 K. This rate is factors of 1E2-1E5 larger than previously estimated and is comparable to estimates of other non-thermal desorption rates. The experiments constrains the mechanism to a single photon desorption process of ice surface molecules. The measured efficiency of this process shows that the role of CO photodesorption in preventing total removal of molecules in the gas has been underestimated.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted by ApJ

Fachkräftebedarf in Deutschland: Zur kurz- und langfristigen Entwicklung von Fachkräfteangebot und -nachfrage, Arbeitslosigkeit und Zuwanderung

Das IAB geht davon aus, dass sich die Arbeits-, Kapital- und Gütermärkte zumindest längerfristig an den Rückgang des Arbeitsangebotes anpassen werden. Die Prognose einer Fachkräftelücke, in welcher Größenordnung auch immer, ist deshalb nicht sinnvoll. Allerdings kann es zu Mismatch auf dem Arbeitsmarkt in qualifikatorischer, beruflicher und regionaler Hinsicht kommen, so dass in vielen Arbeitsmarktsegmenten offene Stellen nicht besetzt werden können. Nach den Hartz-Reformen stieg die Arbeitsmarktanspannung im Aufschwung der Jahre 2006/07 und 2010/11 deutlich an. Zum Jahresende 2012 ist die Arbeitsnachfrage im Zuge der Konjunkturschwäche etwas zurückgegangen. Dennoch sind in einzelnen Regionen und Berufsfeldern weiterhin Engpässe sichtbar. Zum Ende des Jahres 2012 hat sich die konjunkturelle Lage in Deutschland im Sog der Eurokrise eingetrübt. Für das Jahr 2013 ist jedoch mit einer Erholung zu rechnen. Der Arbeitsmarkt wird dann wieder zulegen, allerdings nicht an den alten Trend anknüpfen können. Dabei dürfte sich die Beschäftigung etwas besser entwickeln als die Arbeitslosigkeit. Die Eurokrise hat zu einer Umlenkung der Migrationsströme vor allem aus den mittel- und osteuropäischen Staaten nach Deutschland geführt. Im Jahr 2011 belief sich die Nettozuwanderung von ausländischen Staatsbürgern auf 279.000 Personen, für 2012 ist mit einer Nettozuwanderung von 340.000 bis 380.000 Personen zu rechnen. Dieses hohe Niveau ist wohl auf die positive Arbeitsmarktentwicklung in Deutschland und der vergleichsweise schlechten Lage in den europäischen Krisenstaaten zurückzuführen. Mittel- und langfristig wird die Zuwanderung aus anderen EU-Staaten sinken. Die großen Wanderungspotenziale der Zukunft liegen in den Drittstaaten. Das Erwerbspersonenpotenzial wird in Deutschland bis zum Jahr 2035 bei einer steigenden Erwerbsbeteiligung und einer Nettozuwanderung von 100.000 Personen um 7,3 Millionen und bei einer Nettozuwanderung von 200.000 Personen um 5,4 Millionen Personen zurückgehen. Dieser Rückgang ist nicht mit einer Fachkräftelücke zu verwechseln. Um das Erwerbspersonenpotenzial in Deutschland nachhaltig zu entwickeln, ist eine aktive Strategie zur Mobilisierung inländischer Potenziale insbesondere von Frauen und Älteren, aber auch die gezielte Anwerbung von qualifizierten Fachkräften aus dem Ausland sowie deren Integration in den Arbeitsmarkt notwendig. Insbesondere die Zuwanderung aus Drittstaaten müsste höher ausfallen, wenn der Rückgang des Erwerbspersonenpotenzials deutlich begrenzt werden soll.IAB assumes that the labour, capital and goods markets will adjust themselves to the drop in the supply of labour at least in the long term. For this reason it is not sensible to forecast a gap in skilled labour - of any size whatsoever. Having said that, a mismatch may come about on the labour market in respect to certain qualifications, occupations or regions and this may mean that vacant jobs cannot be filled in many labour market segments. After the Hartz reforms, the tensions on the labour market increased markedly during the economic upturn of the years 2006/07 and 2010/11. At the end of 2012, the demand for labour declined slightly in the wake of the weak economy but nevertheless shortages continue to be visible in individual regions and fields of work. At the end of 2012, the economic situation in Germany had become cloudy under the pull of the Euro crisis. However, for 2013, a recovery is to be expected. The labour market will be able to pick up again, even if it is not able to live up to the old trend. At the same time, employment ought to develop somewhat more favourably than unemployment. The Euro crisis has led to a redirection of the migration flows, especially those from central and eastern European countries to Germany. In 2011 the net immigration of foreign citizens amounted to 279,000 persons; for 2012 a net immigration of 340,000 to 380,000 persons is to be expected. This high level is surely due to the positive labour market development in Germany and the comparatively poor situation in the European crisis states. In the mid- and long term, immigration from other EU states will drop. The largest potential for immigration lies with the third countries. If participation in employment continues to rise, the labour force potential in Germany will drop at a net immigration of 100,000 persons by 7.3 million by 2035 and at a net immigration of 200,000 persons by 5.4 million persons. This decrease must not be confused with a gap in skilled labour. In order to ensure the sustainable development of the labour force potential in Germany, an active strategy towards the mobilisation of domestic potential is necessary, especially of women and older persons, but also the targeted recruitment of qualified skilled workers from abroad along with their integration into the labour market. Immigration from third countries in particular would have to be higher if a drop in the labour force potential is to be clearly limited

Effect of reader experience on variability, evaluation time and accuracy of coronary plaque detection with computed tomography coronary angiography

Objective: To assess the effect of reader experience on variability, evaluation time and accuracy in the detection of coronary artery plaques with computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA). Methods: Three independent, blinded readers with three different experience levels twice labelled 50 retrospectively electrocardiography (ECG)-gated contrast-enhanced dual-source CTCA data sets (15 female, age 67.3 ± 10.4years, range 46-86years) indicating the presence or absence of coronary plaques. The evaluation times for the readings were recorded. Intra- and interobserver variability expressed as κ statistics and sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive values were calculated for plaque detection, with a consensus reading of the three readers taken as the standard of reference. A bootstrap method was applied in the statistical analysis to account for clustering. Results: Significant correlations were found between reader experience and, respectively, evaluation times (r = −0.59, p < 0.05) and intraobserver variability (r = 0.73, p < 0.05). The evaluation time significantly differed among the readers (p < 0.05). The observer variability for plaque detection, compared with the consensus, varied between κ = 0.582 and κ = 0.802. Variability of plaque detection was significantly smaller (p < 0.05) and more accurate (p < 0.05) for the most experienced reader. Conclusion: Reader experience significantly correlated with observer variability, evaluation time and accuracy of coronary plaque detection at CTC

Topological susceptibility in full QCD: lattice results versus the prediction from the QCD partition function with granularity

Recent lattice data from CP-PACS, UKQCD, SESAM/TXL and the Pisa group regarding the quark mass dependence of the topological susceptibility in 2-flavour QCD are compared to each other and to theoretical expectations. The latter get specified by referring to the QCD finite-volume partition function with ``granularity'' which accounts for the entropy brought by instantons and anti-instantons. The chiral condensate in $N_f=2$ QCD, if determined by this method, turns out surprisingly large.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figures containing 21 graphs; v2: modifications to account for the changes in the SESAM/TXL data, otherwise minor alterations, except for 4 new references added; to appear in Nucl. Phys.