Do Eurozone Countries Cheat with Their Budget Deficit Forecasts?

We estimate the political economy determinants of budget deficit forecast errors. Since the adoption of the Stability Pact, Eurozone governments have manipulated forecasts before elections. The political orientation and the institutional design of governments also affects the quality of forecasts.Fiscal policy, Budget deficit, Forecast error, Electoral cycles

Correlations and Counting Statistics of an Atom Laser

We demonstrate time-resolved counting of single atoms extracted from a weakly interacting Bose-Einstein condensate of $^{87}$Rb atoms. The atoms are detected with a high-finesse optical cavity and single atom transits are identified. An atom laser beam is formed by continuously output coupling atoms from the Bose-Einstein condensate. We investigate the full counting statistics of this beam and measure its second order correlation function $g^{(2)}(\tau)$ in a Hanbury Brown and Twiss type experiment. For the monoenergetic atom laser we observe a constant correlation function $g^{(2)}(\tau)=1.00\pm0.01$ and an atom number distribution close to a Poissonian statistics. A pseudo-thermal atomic beam shows a bunching behavior and a Bose distributed counting statistics

Fahrdynamikoptimierung mittels Torque Vectoring bei einem bauraumoptimierten Elektrofahrzeug

Durch bauraumoptimierte Anordnung der Antriebskomponenten eines Elektrofahrzeugs können sich unkonventionelle Achslasten ergeben, welche in der Fahrdynamikauslegung berücksichtigt werden müssen. Die BMW Group Forschung und Technik entwickelt zusammen mit dem Deutschen Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) und dem Lehrstuhl für Regelungs- und Steuerungssysteme am Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) ein Torque-Vectoring-Regelungskonzept. Trotz der fahrdynamischen Herausforderung hoher Hinterachslasten wird dadurch ein ansprechendes und sicheres Fahrverhalten erzielt

6th Data Science Symposium Abstracts

The Data Science Symposium at Haus der Wissenschaft on 8/9 November 2021 in Bremen was the 6th Symposium in this series since 2017

Das Fach der politischen Bildung auf der Suche nach seinem Proprium. Cover von Politikschulbüchern als bildungshistorische Quellen (1974–2016)

Es kursieren für das Fach der politischen Bildung historisch, international und aktuell die unterschiedlichsten Fachbezeichnungen: Staatsbürgerkunde, Reichskunde, Gegenwartskunde, Sozialkunde, Gemeinschaftskunde, Weltkunde, Gesellschaftslehre, Gesellschaftswissenschaften, Sozi, Sowi, Gewi, Pobi, WiPo, Politikwissenschaft, Soziale Studien, social studies … Diese Liste ist sicher nicht vollständig. Diese Bezeichnungen korrespondieren zudem mit unterschiedlichen disziplinären Fächerzuschnitten. Mit der offenen Namensgebung korrespondiert möglicherweise eine konzeptionelle Unklarheit über die Fachlichkeit. Das Fach gilt als „Nachkömmling unter den großen pädagogischen Aufgaben der Schule“ (Knepper 1988, 75) und wird noch in aktuellen Überblickswerken einer Allgemeinen Fachdidaktik ausgeklammert oder schlicht vergessen (Bayerhuber u. a. 2017; auch Meister u. a. 2020). (DIPF/Orig.

Triplet superconductivity from non-local Coulomb repulsion in Sn/Si(111)

Atomic layers deposited on semiconductor substrates introduce a platform for the realization of the extended electronic Hubbard model, where the consideration of electronic repulsion beyond the onsite term is paramount. Recently, the onset of superconductivity at 4.7K has been reported in the hole-doped triangular lattice of tin atoms on a silicon substrate. Through renormalization group methods designed for weak and intermediate coupling, we investigate the nature of the superconducting instability in hole-doped Sn/Si(111). We find that the extended Hubbard nature of interactions is crucial to yield triplet pairing, which is f-wave (p-wave) for moderate (higher) hole doping. In light of persisting challenges to tailor triplet pairing in an electronic material, our finding promises to pave unprecedented ways for engineering unconventional triplet superconductivity.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures (supplement: 3 pages, 2 figures

Observing the Formation of Long-range Order during Bose-Einstein Condensation

We have experimentally investigated the formation of off-diagonal long-range order in a gas of ultracold atoms. A magnetically trapped atomic cloud prepared in a highly nonequilibrium state thermalizes and thereby crosses the Bose-Einstein condensation phase transition. The evolution of phase coherence between different regions of the sample is constantly monitored and information on the spatial first-order correlation function is obtained. We observe the growth of the spatial coherence and the formation of long-range order in real time and compare it to the growth of the atomic density. Moreover, we study the evolution of the momentum distribution during the nonequilibrium formation of the condensate.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Hybrid apparatus for Bose-Einstein condensation and cavity quantum electrodynamics: Single atom detection in quantum degenerate gases

We present and characterize an experimental system in which we achieve the integration of an ultrahigh finesse optical cavity with a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). The conceptually novel design of the apparatus for the production of BECs features nested vacuum chambers and an in-vacuo magnetic transport configuration. It grants large scale spatial access to the BEC for samples and probes via a modular and exchangeable "science platform". We are able to produce \87Rb condensates of five million atoms and to output couple continuous atom lasers. The cavity is mounted on the science platform on top of a vibration isolation system. The optical cavity works in the strong coupling regime of cavity quantum electrodynamics and serves as a quantum optical detector for single atoms. This system enables us to study atom optics on a single particle level and to further develop the field of quantum atom optics. We describe the technological modules and the operation of the combined BEC cavity apparatus. Its performance is characterized by single atom detection measurements for thermal and quantum degenerate atomic beams. The atom laser provides a fast and controllable supply of atoms coupling with the cavity mode and allows for an efficient study of atom field interactions in the strong coupling regime. Moreover, the high detection efficiency for quantum degenerate atoms distinguishes the cavity as a sensitive and weakly invasive probe for cold atomic clouds

Cardiac CT beyond coronaries : focus on structural heart disease

Purpose of Review Cardiac computed tomography (CT) is an established non-invasive imaging tool for the assessment of coronary artery disease. Furthermore, it plays a key role in the preinterventional work-up of patients presenting with structural heart disease. Recent Findings CT is the gold standard for preprocedural annular assessment, device sizing, risk determination of annular injury, coronary occlusion or left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, calcification visualization and quantification of the target structure, and prediction of a co-planar fluoroscopic angulation for transcatheter interventions in patients with structural heart disease. It is further a key imaging modality in postprocedural assessment for prosthesis thrombosis, degeneration, or endocarditis. Summary CT plays an integral part in the imaging work-up of novel transcatheter therapies for structural heart disease and postprocedural assessment for prosthesis thrombosis or endocarditis. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the key role of CT in the context of structural heart interventions

Intercepting second-messenger signaling by rationally designed peptides sequestering c-di-GMP

The bacterial second messenger cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) regulates a wide range of cellular functions from biofilm formation to growth and survival. Targeting a second-messenger network is challenging because the system involves a multitude of components with often overlapping functions. Here, we present a strategy to intercept c-di-GMP signaling pathways by directly targeting the second messenger. For this, we developed a c-di-GMP-sequestering peptide (CSP) that was derived from a CheY-like c-di-GMP effector protein. CSP binds c-di-GMP with submicromolar affinity. The elucidation of the CSP⋅c-di-GMP complex structure by NMR identified a linear c-di-GMP-binding motif, in which a self-intercalated c-di-GMP dimer is tightly bound by a network of H bonds and π-stacking interactions involving arginine and aromatic residues. Structure-based mutagenesis yielded a variant with considerably higher, low-nanomolar affinity, which subsequently was shortened to 19 residues with almost uncompromised affinity. We demonstrate that endogenously expressed CSP intercepts c-di-GMP signaling and effectively inhibits biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa , the most widely used model for serious biofilm-associated medical implications