110 research outputs found
Paleo-Balkan and Slavic Contributions to the Genetic Pool of Moldavians
Moldova has a rich historical and cultural heritage, which may be reflected in the current genetic makeup of its population.
To date, no comprehensive studies exist about the population genetic structure of modern Moldavians. To bridge this gap
with respect to paternal lineages, we analyzed 37 binary and 17 multiallelic (STRs) polymorphisms on the non-recombining
portion of the Y chromosome in 125 Moldavian males. In addition, 53 Ukrainians from eastern Moldova and 54 Romanians
from the neighboring eastern Romania were typed using the same set of markers. In Moldavians, 19 Y chromosome
haplogroups were identified, the most common being I-M423 (20.8%), R-M17* (17.6%), R-M458 (12.8%), E-v13 (8.8%), RM269*
and R-M412* (both 7.2%). In Romanians, 14 haplogroups were found including I-M423 (40.7%), R-M17* (16.7%), RM405
(7.4%), E-v13 and R-M412* (both 5.6%). In Ukrainians, 13 haplogroups were identified including R-M17 (34.0%), I-M423
(20.8%), R-M269* (9.4%), N-M178, R-M458 and R-M73 (each 5.7%). Our results show that a significant majority of the
Moldavian paternal gene pool belongs to eastern/central European and Balkan/eastern Mediterranean Y lineages.
Phylogenetic and AMOVA analyses based on Y-STR loci also revealed that Moldavians are close to both eastern/central
European and Balkan-Carpathian populations. The data correlate well with historical accounts and geographical location of
the region and thus allow to hypothesize that extant Moldavian paternal genetic lineages arose from extensive recent
admixture between genetically autochthonous populations of the Balkan-Carpathian zone and neighboring Slavic group
ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΈ: Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅, Π³Π΄Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡ
Transformation vectors for libraries as a social institution in the community based on digital information communications are examined. The necessity for changes is substantiated; library functions for the future are defined; ways of reforming are proposed.ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ° Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌ. ΠΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π΄ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ Π½ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ: Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
. Π‘Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄: ΡΡΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈ
ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ° Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ
The author offers a new paradigm of the library as a social institution in the period of the civilization transition from the information society to the knowledge society. The library functions and goals are defined, in particular encouraging and administering of free exchange of opinions and ideas between social strata and groups to solve their vital problems; providing space and tools (including acess to chargeable information content) to implement creative initiatives and to solve user everyday problems; designing training (educational) programs to adapt residents to continuously emerging innovations. Taking into account these new functions and tasks, the author defines the library as a social institution supporting cognitive and creative activities of the community being served through intellectual collaboration, educational and recreational programs, providing space, equipment hard- and software for public use and access to information sources.The author specifies the measures that would facilitate the RF librariesβ transition. He emphasizes that, to ensure success, the transformations are needed to be made both at the local (libraries) and at the federal level.ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ° Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Ρ Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ. Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ: Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ; ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ (Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏ ΠΊ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ) Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ; ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
(ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
) ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π³ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π½ ΠΊ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌ. Π‘ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ Π΄Π°Π½ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ: ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡ, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π°, Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ° ΠΊ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ.ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΠ½ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ
Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Ρ (ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ) ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Ρ (ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ)
ΠΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈ Π² Π±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΠΉΡΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π²Π°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π»Π΅Ρ, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ
Librariesβ functions in the era of digital communications are defined; the need for fundamentally new approach toward library services to reflect digital society demands is substantiated. The author concludes that, in the radically new circumstances, libraries will offer complex of user-oriented services relevant to the societyβs interests. The libraries will cease to be institutions for document arrays acquisition, storage and delivery for public use, and become the open innovative and education sites to support every form of gaining knowledge and competences enabling users to adapt to continuously changing environment. The author suggests several measures to preserve the social institution of libraries in the circumstances of high technologies exponential growth. The author emphasizes that the librariesβ task is to organize and to hold lectures, trainings, workshops, discussions to motivate knowledge gaining, to widen horizons and develop usersβ critical thinking. With these activities, the libraries will convert into intellectual center, improve their reputation and increase their role considerably. The author also argues that changes in library functions will inevitably result in transformed library structure and space. The importance of interaction with the user groups is emphasized.ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ; Π°ΡΠ³ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π½ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°. Π‘Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π²Π°Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π° ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π³ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π½. ΠΠ· ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ, Ρ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°, Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΡ, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΠ½ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ° Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ. Π‘Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½ Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ° Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ - ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ, ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ², ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ², Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ, ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π½Π°Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ², ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΠ° Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π΅Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ. ΠΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΠΊΠ½ΡΡΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π° Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ; ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ
Frequencies of alleles, genotypes and haplotypes of two polymorphisms in the clusterin gene in the Russian elderly population categorized by cognitive performance
This article contains data on the frequencies of alleles, genotypes and haplotypes of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs2279590 and rs1532278 in the CLU gene in a cohort of normal elderly from the Russian population. The SNPs have been reported to be associated with Alzheimer's disease and cognitive functions in genome-wide and candidate genes association studies. Cognitive performance in sample set was estimated by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The frequencies of alleles, genotypes and haplotypes of two SNPs were calculated in 3 groups: total sample set, sample set with MoCA score less than 21 (the first quartile) and group with MoCA score more than 24 (the fourth quartile)
Between Lake Baikal and the Baltic Sea: Genomic History of the Gateway to Europe
Background: The history of human populations occupying the plains and mountain ridges separating Europe from Asia has been eventful, as these natural obstacles were crossed westward by multiple waves of Turkic and Uralic speaking migrants as well as eastward by Europeans. Unfortunately, the material records of history of this region are not dense enough to reconstruct details of population history. These considerations stimulate growing interest to obtain a genetic picture of the demographic history of migrations and admixture in Northern Eurasia.
Results: We genotyped and analyzed 1076 individuals from 30 populations with geographical coverage spanning from Baltic Sea to Baikal Lake. Our dense sampling allowed us to describe in detail the population structure, provide insight into genomic history of numerous European and Asian populations, and significantly increase quantity of genetic data available for modern populations in region of North Eurasia. Our study doubles the amount of genome-wide profiles available for this region. We detected unusually high amount of shared identical-by-descent (IBD) genomic segments between several Siberian populations, such as Khanty and Ket, providing evidence of genetic relatedness across vast geographic distances and between speakers of different language families. Additionally, we observed excessive IBD sharing between Khanty and Bashkir, a group of Turkic speakers from Southern Urals region. While adding some weight to the βFinno-Ugricβ origin of Bashkir, our studies highlighted that the Bashkir genepool lacks the main βcoreβ, being a multi-layered amalgamation of Turkic, Ugric, Finnish and Indo-European contributions, which points at intricacy of genetic interface between Turkic and Uralic populations. Comparison of the genetic structure of Siberian ethnicities and the geography of the region they inhabit point at existence of the βGreat Siberian Vortexβ directing genetic exchanges in populations across the Siberian part of Asia. Slavic speakers of Eastern Europe are, in general, very similar in their genetic composition. Ukrainians, Belarusians and Russians have almost identical proportions of Caucasus and Northern European components and have virtually no Asian influence. We capitalized on wide geographic span of our sampling to address intriguing question about the place of origin of Russian Starovers, an enigmatic Eastern Orthodox Old Believers religious group relocated to Siberia in seventeenth century. A comparative reAdmix analysis, complemented by IBD sharing, placed their roots in the region of the Northern European Plain, occupied by North Russians and Finno-Ugric Komi and Karelian people. Russians from Novosibirsk and Russian Starover exhibit ancestral proportions close to that of European Eastern Slavs, however, they also include between five to 10 % of Central Siberian ancestry, not present at this level in their European counterparts.
Conclusions: Our project has patched the hole in the genetic map of Eurasia: we demonstrated complexity of genetic structure of Northern Eurasians, existence of East-West and North-South genetic gradients, and assessed different inputs of ancient populations into modern populations
ΠΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΡΠ±Π΄Π΅Π½Π²ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π»Π΅Π³ΡΡΡΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ
The study has determined an increase of the degree of thermal carbon extraction of the molybdenum oxide concentrate from 11Β % to 97Β % with an increase in the processing temperature from 873Β K to 1373Β K, respectively. A further rise in temperature to 1473Β K led to a reduction in the degree of recovery to 89Β %. The recovery products after treatment at 873β1073Β K mostly consisted of MoO2 with some Mo and Mo2C manifestations. Treatment at 1223β1473Β K provided a predominance of Mo and Mo2C as to the oxide component. The microstructure of the recovery products was spongy and disordered with varying degrees of sintering, depending on the processing temperature. The alloying of R6M5 steel with the new molybdenum material in experimental industrial conditions provided an increase in the Mo uptake rate from 88.9Β % to 95.0Β % compared with the standard technology. Improvement of environmental safety is achieved by replacing carbon monoxide and aluminothermic melting of ferroalloy production of Mo with the latest methods of powder metallurgy.ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ±Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Π»Π΅ 873β1473 K. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ 97 % Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π½ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ 1373 K Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅ Mo. ΠΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° β Π³ΡΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ. Π£Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠΎ- ΠΈ Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° Mo Π½Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈΠΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΡΠ±Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π² ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Π»Ρ 873β1473 K. ΠΠ°ΠΉΠ²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠΏΡΠ½Ρ Π²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ 97 % Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ³Π½ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΡΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ 1373 K ΡΠ· ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΠΆΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Ρ Mo. ΠΡΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° β Π³ΡΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π°. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ³Π°ΡΡΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π²ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ- ΡΠ° Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ²Π° Mo Π½Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ³Ρ
Simulation of blue light leds in Comsol Multiphysics
The process of modeling the LEDs of the blue spectrum of radiation was been investigated, and the correlation of results with experiment.ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ
Simulation of high-efficiency leds in Comsol Multiphysics
The model of high-efficiency LEDs with double heterostructure was realized in Comsol Multiphysics.Π Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° Ρ Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Comsol Multiphysics
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