Projeto Rio: uma estratégia para um projeto urbano integrado

Starting by outlining a theoretical structure which must guide the development of an Urban Plan, this thesis describes the aspects that should integrate the macro and micro points of view. Studies the conditions of the "Projeto Rio" area and its suroundings analising the dernand for cornmunitary equipments and services. The demand study, in its turn, shows that if the physical area in the project destined to be selled is dimensioned, or not, according with the user's ability to pay. Therefore the theoretical structure will permit to deduce if the project follows or not the basic premisses of self-financing, since the project is elaborated in the framework of the capitalist-system, which does not admit programs with high subsidies. Compatibility between correct subsidies and the ability to pay could be achieved when urban densities for the social classes that can pay are correctly stablished within the project area. The "Projeto Rio" was chosen to be analysed because of its political importance. The analysis will be done based on the critheria described and the results of both points of view will be checked. The thesis concluded that the oficial Project had mislead the verified local area's economic tendency. This area is a industrial zone though i t was planned as residencial project. The thesis found that the basic economic and social premisses were not fulfilled. The revenues didn't pay all the invested capital in the project, allthought the Government Financial Organism, BNH (National Housing Bank), had established .self financing as a cornerstone for the whole project.A gravidade da situação urbana brasileira tem levado os diversos níveis de Governo a adotarem várias medidas a fim de “solucionar” os problemas-peculiares do espaço urbano. O Governo Federal, a quem cabe formular a política nacional de desenvolvimento urbano, lançou recentemente um programa especial (PROMORAR) destinado a resolver a questão das populações residentes em mocambos e palafitas nas grandes regiões metropolitanas. Este é o caso do Projeto Rio que será o objeto de trabalho desta tese. Resumidamente, almeja-se fazer urna análise do projeto em causa, segundo sua integração metropolitana e viabilidade econômica. o estudo das condicionantes, que promoverá a integração da micro à macro-área, à consecução da premissa básica do autofinanciamento. Esse procedimento conduzirá à execução de um Plano Urbanístico Integrado dentro do sistema capitalista vigente, que não comporta programas altamente subdivididos. Essa compatibilização se fará pelo zoneamento mais adequado à tendência eia funcional verificada; pela adoção de corretas densidades e destinação a urna faixa de renda que possa arcar com os custos. Neste caso específico há que se dimensionar perfeitamente. as áreas para usos econômicos, que vendidas concorrerão para cobrir os gastos sociais. Da análise conclui-se que, apesar da destinação oficial como um projeto, predominantemente residencial, o que se verificou foi a tendência da dominância do uso industrial na parcela mais significativa de sua área. Além disso constatou-se, que a despeito das determinações expressas do Edital de Licitação e do Órgão financeiro, BNH (Banco Nacional da Habitação), não foram avaliados todos os recursos envolvidos, logo não se pode concluir pela viabilidade econômica do Projeto

Ein Lesestrategietraining im Distanzunterricht? Wie sich das veränderte Lernumfeld während der Corona-Pandemie auf die Entwicklung des Leseverstehens von Schülerinnen und Schülern auswirkt

Lesestrategietrainings gelten als effektives Mittel, um das Lese-verstehen von Schülerinnen und Schülern zu fördern. Während zur Implementation in klassischen Unterrichtssettings inzwischen zahlreiche Studien vorliegen, sind nur wenige belastbare Forschungsergebnisse zu digitalen Trainingsumgebungen vorhanden. Zur Durchführung eines klassischen Lesetrainings in der Form von Distanzunterricht liegen bislang keine Ergebnisse im deutschsprachigen Raum vor. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht an einer Stichprobe von 1.531 Grundschulkindern, wie sich die mit dem Distanzunterricht während der Corona-Pandemie einhergehenden veränderten Durchführungsbedingungen des FiLBY-Lesetrainings auf den Lernfortschritt der Schülerinnen und Schüler auswirken. Es wird deutlich, dass die Vermittlung der Lesestrategien durch die Lehrkraft selbst ein wichtiges Element für erfolgreichen Distanzleseunterricht ist. Erklärvideos und Erklärtexte können die Strategiemodellierung durch die Unterrichtenden nicht vollständig ersetzen

The C terminus of p73 is essential for hippocampal development

The p53 family member p73 has a complex gene structure, including alternative promoters and alternative splicing of the 3′ UTR. This results in a complex range of isoforms whose biological relevance largely remains to be determined. By deleting exon 13 (which encodes a sterile α motif) from the Trp73 gene, we selectively engineered mice to replace the most abundantly expressed C-terminal isoform, p73α, with a shorter product of alternative splicing, p73β. These mice (Trp73Δ13/Δ13) display severe neurodevelopmental defects with significant functional and morphological abnormalities. Replacement of p73α with p73β results in the depletion of Cajal–Retzius (CR) cells in embryonic stages, thus depriving the developing hippocampus of the pool of neurons necessary for correct hippocampal architecture. Consequently, Trp73Δ13/Δ13 mice display severe hippocampal dysgenesis, reduced synaptic functionality and impaired learning and memory capabilities. Our data shed light on the relevance of p73 alternative splicing and show that the full-length C terminus of p73 is essential for hippocampal development

Nitric oxide-mediated posttranslational modifications control neurotransmitter release by modulating complexin farnesylation and enhancing its clamping ability.

Nitric oxide (NO) regulates neuronal function and thus is critical for tuning neuronal communication. Mechanisms by which NO modulates protein function and interaction include posttranslational modifications (PTMs) such as S-nitrosylation. Importantly, cross signaling between S-nitrosylation and prenylation can have major regulatory potential. However, the exact protein targets and resulting changes in function remain elusive. Here, we interrogated the role of NO-dependent PTMs and farnesylation in synaptic transmission. We found that NO compromises synaptic function at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ) in a cGMP-independent manner. NO suppressed release and reduced the size of available vesicle pools, which was reversed by glutathione (GSH) and occluded by genetic up-regulation of GSH-generating and de-nitrosylating glutamate-cysteine-ligase and S-nitroso-glutathione reductase activities. Enhanced nitrergic activity led to S-nitrosylation of the fusion-clamp protein complexin (cpx) and altered its membrane association and interactions with active zone (AZ) and soluble N-ethyl-maleimide-sensitive fusion protein Attachment Protein Receptor (SNARE) proteins. Furthermore, genetic and pharmacological suppression of farnesylation and a nitrosylation mimetic mutant of cpx induced identical physiological and localization phenotypes as caused by NO. Together, our data provide evidence for a novel physiological nitrergic molecular switch involving S-nitrosylation, which reversibly suppresses farnesylation and thereby enhances the net-clamping function of cpx. These data illustrate a new mechanistic signaling pathway by which regulation of farnesylation can fine-tune synaptic release

Legionella Infection Risk from Domestic Hot Water

We investigated Legionella and Pseudomonas contamination of hot water in a cross-sectional multicentric survey in Italy. Chemical parameters (hardness, free chlorine, and trace elements) were determined. Legionella spp. were detected in 33 (22.6%) and Pseudomonas spp. in 56 (38.4%) of 146 samples. Some factors associated with Legionella contamination were heater type, tank distance and capacity, water plant age, and mineral content. Pseudomonas presence was influenced by water source, hardness, free chlorine, and temperature. Legionella contamination was associated with a centralized heater, distance from the heater point >10 m, and a water plant >10 years old. Furthermore, zinc levels of <20 μg/L and copper levels of >50 μg/L appeared to be protective against Legionella colonization. Legionella species and serogroups were differently distributed according to heater type, water temperature, and free chlorine, suggesting that Legionella strains may have a different sensibility and resistance to environmental factors and different ecologic niches

Carbon Monoxide Promotes Respiratory Hemoproteins Iron Reduction Using Peroxides as Electron Donors

The physiological role of the respiratory hemoproteins (RH), hemoglobin and myoglobin, is to deliver O2 via its binding to their ferrous (FeII) heme-iron. Under variety of pathological conditions RH proteins leak to blood plasma and oxidized to ferric (FeIII, met) forms becoming the source of oxidative vascular damage. However, recent studies have indicated that both metRH and peroxides induce Heme Oxygenase (HO) enzyme producing carbon monoxide (CO). The gas has an extremely high affinity for the ferrous heme-iron and is known to reduce ferric hemoproteins in the presence of suitable electron donors. We hypothesized that under in vivo plasma conditions, peroxides at low concentration can assist the reduction of metRH in presence of CO. The effect of CO on interaction of metRH with hydrophilic or hydrophobic peroxides was analyzed by following Soret and visible light absorption changes in reaction mixtures. It was found that under anaerobic conditions and low concentrations of RH and peroxides mimicking plasma conditions, peroxides served as electron donors and RH were reduced to their ferrous carboxy forms. The reaction rates were dependent on CO as well as peroxide concentrations. These results demonstrate that oxidative activity of acellular ferric RH and peroxides may be amended by CO turning on the reducing potential of peroxides and facilitating the formation of redox-inactive carboxyRH. Our data suggest the possible role of HO/CO in protection of vascular system from oxidative damage

Ten new insights in climate science 2022

Non-technical summary We summarize what we assess as the past year's most important findings within climate change research: limits to adaptation, vulnerability hotspots, new threats coming from the climate–health nexus, climate (im)mobility and security, sustainable practices for land use and finance, losses and damages, inclusive societal climate decisions and ways to overcome structural barriers to accelerate mitigation and limit global warming to below 2°C. Technical summary We synthesize 10 topics within climate research where there have been significant advances or emerging scientific consensus since January 2021. The selection of these insights was based on input from an international open call with broad disciplinary scope. Findings concern: (1) new aspects of soft and hard limits to adaptation; (2) the emergence of regional vulnerability hotspots from climate impacts and human vulnerability; (3) new threats on the climate–health horizon – some involving plants and animals; (4) climate (im)mobility and the need for anticipatory action; (5) security and climate; (6) sustainable land management as a prerequisite to land-based solutions; (7) sustainable finance practices in the private sector and the need for political guidance; (8) the urgent planetary imperative for addressing losses and damages; (9) inclusive societal choices for climate-resilient development and (10) how to overcome barriers to accelerate mitigation and limit global warming to below 2°C. Social media summary Science has evidence on barriers to mitigation and how to overcome them to avoid limits to adaptation across multiple fields

Weak Glycolipid Binding of a Microdomain-Tracer Peptide Correlates with Aggregation and Slow Diffusion on Cell Membranes

10.1371/journal.pone.0051222PLoS ONE712