Relations entre profils microbiologiques de l'environnement intérieur et maladies respiratoires infectieuses et allergiques

The aim of this work was to study the microbiological composition of indoor environments to assessmicroorganisms, or profiles of microorganisms, related to the development of respiratory diseases, bycategory of patients (immunocompromised or allergie)Local studies, local study, FIQCS and TIARE, were conducted in immunocompromised patients dwellings (atrisk for invasive fungal infection) and in cystic fibrosis patients dwellings (at risk for bronchopulmonaryaspergillosis allergie). A national study (ELFE : Etude Longitudinale Française depuis l'Enfance ) wasconducted too and analyzed 3,200 children' dwellings.The différent studies showed différent contamination levels in dwellings and demonstrated the importanceof environmental measures in the homes to prevent infectious and allergie risks.L'objectif de la thèse était d'étudier la composition microbiologique d'environnements intérieurs afind'évaluer les microorganismes, ou profils de microorganismes, liés aux développements de pathologiesrespiratoires, par catégorie de patients (immunodéprimés ou allergiques)Pour cela, des études locales, FIQCS et TIARE, ont respectivement été réalisées aux domiciles de patientsimmunodéprimés (à risque d'infection fongique invasive) et de patients atteints de mucoviscidose (à risqued'aspergillose broncho-pulmonaire allergique). D'autre part, dans le cadre de l'étude ELFE (EtudeLongitudinale Française depuis l'Enfance), des prélèvements provenant de logements de 3200 enfants ontété analysés.Les travaux de ces différentes études ont montré la diversité des logements quant à leur caractéristiquemicrobiologique (diversité des espèces et niveau des concentrations) et ont démontré ainsi l'importance desmesures environnementales aux domiciles pour prévenir les risques infectieux et allergique

PLoS One

OBJECTIVE: Different phenotypes of wheezing have been described to date but not in early life. We aim to describe wheezing phenotypes between the ages of two months and one year, and assess risk factors associated with these wheezing phenotypes in a large birth cohort. METHODS: We studied 18,041 infants from the ELFE (French Longitudinal Study of Children) birth cohort. Parents reported wheezing and respiratory symptoms at two and 12 months, and answered a complete questionnaire (exposure during pregnancy, parental allergy). RESULTS: Children with no symptoms (controls) accounted for 77.2%, 2.1% had had wheezing at two months but no wheezing at one year (intermittent), 2.4% had persistent wheezing, while 18.3% had incident wheezing at one year. Comparing persistent wheezing to controls showed that having one sibling (ORa = 2.19) or 2 siblings (ORa = 2.23) compared to none, nocturnal cough (OR = 5.2), respiratory distress (OR = 4.1) and excess bronchial secretions (OR = 3.47) at two months, reflux in the child at 2 months (OR = 1.55), maternal history of asthma (OR = 1.46) and maternal smoking during pregnancy (OR = 1.57) were significantly associated with persistent wheezing. These same factors, along with cutaneous rash in the child at 2 months (OR = 1.13) and paternal history of asthma (OR = 1.32) were significantly associated with increased odds of incident wheezing. Having one sibling (ORa = 1.9) compared to none, nocturnal cough at 2 months (OR = 1.76) and excess bronchial secretions at 2 months (OR = 1.65) were significantly associated with persistent compared to intermittent wheezing. CONCLUSION: Respiratory symptoms (cough, respiratory distress, and excessive bronchial secretion) were significantly associated with a high risk of persistent wheezing at one year. Smoking exposure during pregnancy was also a risk factor for persistent and incident wheezing

Relations between microbiological profiles in indoor environments and infectious and allergic respiratory diseases

L'objectif de la thèse était d'étudier la composition microbiologique d'environnements intérieurs afind'évaluer les microorganismes, ou profils de microorganismes, liés aux développements de pathologiesrespiratoires, par catégorie de patients (immunodéprimés ou allergiques)Pour cela, des études locales, FIQCS et TIARE, ont respectivement été réalisées aux domiciles de patientsimmunodéprimés (à risque d'infection fongique invasive) et de patients atteints de mucoviscidose (à risqued'aspergillose broncho-pulmonaire allergique). D'autre part, dans le cadre de l'étude ELFE (EtudeLongitudinale Française depuis l'Enfance), des prélèvements provenant de logements de 3200 enfants ontété analysés.Les travaux de ces différentes études ont montré la diversité des logements quant à leur caractéristiquemicrobiologique (diversité des espèces et niveau des concentrations) et ont démontré ainsi l'importance desmesures environnementales aux domiciles pour prévenir les risques infectieux et allergiquesThe aim of this work was to study the microbiological composition of indoor environments to assessmicroorganisms, or profiles of microorganisms, related to the development of respiratory diseases, bycategory of patients (immunocompromised or allergie)Local studies, local study, FIQCS and TIARE, were conducted in immunocompromised patients dwellings (atrisk for invasive fungal infection) and in cystic fibrosis patients dwellings (at risk for bronchopulmonaryaspergillosis allergie). A national study (ELFE : Etude Longitudinale Française depuis l'Enfance ) wasconducted too and analyzed 3,200 children' dwellings.The différent studies showed différent contamination levels in dwellings and demonstrated the importanceof environmental measures in the homes to prevent infectious and allergie risks

Logements des bébés et allergies

National audienceL’étude" ELFE" est, en France, la première consacrée au suivi des enfants, de leur naissance (2011) à leur majorité. Un des axes de ce projet, est l’analyse biologique de la chambre de l’enfant dès sa naissance. En 2011, les familles ont placé des capteurs électrostatiques pendant 10 semaines dans les chambres des bébés. Six moisissures, trois familles de bactéries et un acarien, responsables de maladies allergiques, infectieuses ou toxiques, ont été quantifiés

Modèle expérimental invertébré et bioluminescence : de nouvelles voies pour accroître l’efficience de l’expérimentation animale

International audienc

Emergence of a Pathogenic Fungus Resistant to Triazole Antifungal Drugs

International audienc

DNA metabarcoding to assess indoor fungal communities: Electrostatic dust collectors and Illumina sequencing

International audienc

Molecular Strategies to Diagnose Mucormycosis

Molecular techniques have provided a new understanding of the epidemiology of mucormycosis and improved the diagnosis and therapeutic management of this life-threatening disease. PCR amplification and sequencing were first applied to better identify isolates that were grown from cultures of biopsies or bronchalveolar lavage samples that were collected in patients with Mucorales infection. Subsequently, molecular techniques were used to identify the fungus directly from the infected tissues or from bronchalveolar lavage, and they helped to accurately identify Mucorales fungi in tissue samples when the cultures were negative. However, these tools require invasive sampling (biospsy, bronchalveolar lavage), which is not feasible in patients in poor condition in Hematology or Intensive Care units. Very recently, PCR-based procedures to detect Mucorales DNA in non-invasive samples, such as plasma or serum, have proved successful in diagnosing mucormycosis early in all patients, whatever the clinical status, and these procedures are becoming essential to improving patient outcome

One year later: The effect of changing azole-treated bulbs for organic tulips bulbs in hospital environment on the azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus rate

International audienceAbstract Azole-treated plant bulbs have already been evoked as a potential explanation of the worldwide spread of azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus (ARAf). We previously pointed out the presence of a high rate of ARAf (71% of A. fumigatus detected on azole-supplemented media) in flower beds containing azole-treated bulbs at the hospital's surroundings. We show here that planting organic bulbs can be a solution to reduce ARAf burden (from 71% rate to below 3%). The results suggest that replacing treated bulbs with organic bulbs may be sufficient to regain a population that is predominantly susceptible in just 1 year. Lay Summary Antifungal resistance is increasingly observed in fungal pathogens. This study argues that planting organic bulbs in hospitals’ outdoor surroundings could be a good alternative to continue to beautify green spaces, without the risk of dissipating antifungal-resistant fungal pathogens