The effect of IL-6 on the trophoblast cell line HTR-8/SVneo

Embryonic development up to the blastocyst stage, implantation into the uterine wall and the development of the functional placenta are steps crucial for the establishment of normal pregnancy. Specific cells of the placenta, the trophoblast cells, invade the uterine stroma and spiral arteries, adapting them to pregnancy. Interleukin-6 is present in the human endometrium during the receptive phase and early pregnancy. Trophoblasts also produce IL-6, which was found to stimulate trophoblast invasion and migration in vitro. Here we show that the activity of MMP-9 may contribute to the observed increased invasion. In addition, in the HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cell line IL-6 increases cell proliferation.

Trends and challenges for strategic human resources management in 21st century

The intention behind writing this paper was to explore and show the role of managers in one of the most important activities in the organization, human resource management and trends and challenges they face in the 21st century. This paper also presents the Covid-19 crisis and the impact on human resources managers. Scientific methods of analysis, synthesis and description were used in this paper. Key words: Modern trends and challenges, Covid-19, HR Managers, strategy, performance

OPERATIONS STRATEGY AND COMPETITIVENESS - CASE STUDY AND ANALYSIS

The purpose of this paper is to present the operations strategy and management of certain strategically important operational tasks, also to explain how a successful company should create business strategies for each business process that will actually be a competitive strategy focusing on market positioning and strengthening competitive advantages. Operations management is one of the most crucial factors for a business or an organization. With the help of operations management, an organisation can enhance its key aspect, which is to provide services or products in accordance with the demands and needs of the customers. The operational function has a great value as a competitive weapon in the company's strategy and, consequently, plays an important role in the implementation of the corporate strategy. Creating a sustainable competitive advantage is the key to the success of modern companies. All of this will be presented in the following text through a case study with analysis of the company Ikea. Key words: perspectives, priorities, success, competitive advantages, productivity

Socio-economic impact of Covid-19 crisis on human resources and companies

In the conditions of globalization and increasing competitive pressures, organizations are trying to get competitive advantage based on the effective use of knowledge. It is the human resources department that plays the key role in knowledge managementinan organization, as human resources management has a major impact on the effectiveness of a knowledge-based organization.The purpose of this paper is to show the importance and role of human resources and the knowledge they possess in gaining a competitive advantage in the organization in which they work. Also, we will present the impact of the Covid-19 crisis on human resources, economies and companies globally and regionally

Labour market, unemployment and companies overview of the situation in N. Macedonia due to Covid-19 crisis

In this paper, we simulated the effect that the economic and social crisis caused by the outbreak and spread of the Coronavirus has had on bussinesses in N. Macedonia, focusing on three questions. First, how did the virus affected the Macedonian economy? Second, how much has the labor market and employment, ie unemployment changed during the crisis? And third, what challenges did the companies face and how did they respond to it

The effect of prolactin on human trophoblast in vitro

Prolaktin (PRL) je polipeptidni hormon koji utiče na rast i diferencijaciju različitih ćelija, a uključen je i u brojne fiziološke procese. Sintetiše ga i luči hipofiza, ali i različita druga tkiva i ćelije. Prolaktin je jedan od glavnih proteina koji sintetiše i sekretuje decidualizovani endometrijum. Produkcija decidualnog prolaktina se povećava u trudnoći nakon implantacije, i dostiže maksimum u tkivu decidue 20 do 25 nedelje gestacije. Delovanje PRL se ostvaruje vezivanjem za PRL receptore (PRLR) na ćelijskoj membrani. Poznato je da se za prolaktinski receptor vezuje najmanje tri liganda - prolaktin, placentni laktogen i hormon rasta. Do sada je za placentu poznato da je receptor za prolaktin ispoljen u decidui, trofoblastu horiona, epitelu amniona i sinciciotrofoblastu na kraju trudnoće. Prolaktin u različitim ćelijama i tkivima utiče na ekspresiju adhezionih i proteolitičkih molekula koji su značajni za degradaciju ekstraćelijskog matriksa i ćelijsku migraciju. Međutim, njegova uloga u trofoblastu nije dovoljno poznata. Ovim radom je po prvi put ispitivan uticaj prolaktina na svojstva invazivnog ekstravilusnog trofoblasta prvog trimestra trudnoće. Detektovana je ekspresija PRLR, kao i profil prisutnih formi receptora na izolovanim citotrofoblastnim ćelijama i HTR-8/SVneo trofoblastnoj imortalizovanoj ćelijskoj liniji. Pokazali smo da PRL stimuliše adheziju, migraciju i invaziju trofoblasta in vitro. Kao potencijalne efektore ispitivali smo integrine, gal-1 i matriksne metaloproteinaze-2 i -9. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da PRL stimuliše ekspresiju subjedinica integrina α1, α5, kao i gal-1. Ispitivali smo i efekat PRL na vijabilnost, proliferaciju i apoptozu HTR-8/SVneo ćelija. PRL je blago stimulisao vijabilnost i uticao na povećanje broja adherentnih ćelija, dok apoptoza nije bila značajno promenjena. Dobijeni rezultati predstavljaju napredak u razumevanju fiziološke uloge PRL značajne za funkciju humanog trofoblasta. Takođe, ovaj rad pruža celovitiji uvid u proces diferencijacije ranog trofoblasta i predstavlja dobru osnovu za dalja ispitivanja biološke uloge prolaktina, kao i drugih članova ove familije proteina u humanom trofoblastu.Prolactin (PRL) is a polypeptide hormone which has impact on the growth and differentiation of various cell types, and is known to participate in numerous physiological processes. It is synthesized and secreted by the pituitary gland and many other tissues and cell types. Prolactin is also one of the major proteins synthesized and secreted by decidualized endometrium. The production of decidual prolactin increases after implantation, and peaks in decidual tissue at 20 to 25th week of gestation. The action of PRL is exerted through binding to its receptors (PRLR) at the surface of target cells. It is known that prolactin receptor has at least three ligands – prolactin, placental lactogen and growth hormone. Regarding localization of prolactin receptor in placenta, so far it has been found in decidua, chorionic trophoblast, amniotic epithelium and synciciotrophoblast at term. Prolactin affects the expression of adhesion and proteolytic molecules which are important for degradation of extracellular matrix and cell migration. However, its role in trophoblast is not well defined. In this study the effect of prolactin on the function of first trimester of pregnancy extravillous trophoblast was studied for the first time. The expression of PRLR, as well as the profile of different isoforms was examined in both cytotrophoblast and HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast derived cell line. It is shown here that PRL stimulates trophoblast cell adhesion, migration and invasion in vitro. Potential effectors were sought among integrins, gal-1 and matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9. The results showed that PRL stimulated the expression of integrin subunits α1, α5, as well as gal-1. When investigating the effect of PRL on cell viability, proliferation and apoptosis of HTR-8/SVneo cells, PRL was found to slightly stimulate cell viability and adherent cell number, while apoptosis was not altered. The results of this study represent a step further in the understanding of the physiological role of PRL in human trophoblast. Moreover, this work gives a better insight in to the process of early trophoblast differentiation and represents a good basis for further studies of the biological role of prolactin, as well as other members of this family of proteins in the human trophoblast

Rights and obligations of employees in the world, in the N.Macedonia and during the Covid-19 crisis

A contract of employment is an agreement between an employer and an employee which sets out their employment rights, responsibilities and duties. These are called the ‘terms’ of the contract. This paper examines the impact of Covid— 19 crisis on employees and their rights and obligations contained in the employment contract and during Covid— 19 crisis

Galectin-1 Is Part of Human Trophoblast Invasion Machinery - A Functional Study In Vitro

Interactions of glycoconjugates with endogenous galectins, have been long proposed to participate in several reproductive processes including implantation. In human placenta gal-1, gal-3, gal-8, and gal-13 proteins are known to be present. Each of them has been proposed to play multiple functions, but so far no clear picture has emerged. We hypothesized that gal-1 participates in trophoblast invasion, and conducted Matrigel invasion assay using isolated cytotrophoblast from first trimester placenta and HTR-8/SVneo cell line to test it.<0.001) by Ox-gal-1 at 1 µg/ml. Both sets of results confirmed involvement of gal-1 in trophoblast invasion. Galectin profile of isolated cytotrophoblast and HTR-8/SVneo cells was established using RT-PCR and real-time PCR and found to consist of gal-1, gal-3 and gal-8 for both cell types. Only gal-1 was located at the trophoblast cell membrane, as determined by FACS analysis, which is consistent with the results of the functional tests.These findings qualify gal-1 as a member of human trophoblast cell invasion machinery

Arbete, responslöshet och utbrändhet – det finns en väg tillbaka : en studie om utbrända kvinnor på beslutsfattande positioner

Den aktuella uppsatsen är en kvalitativ studie baserad på intervjuer med sex kvinnor i varierande ålder som varav fem arbetar i offentliga tjänstesektorn, Högskolan i Jönköping och Jönköpings Kommun och en i privata tjänstesektorn. Vad som utöver detta förenar dessa kvinnor är deras brinnande engagemang i sitt arbete. Utifrån den av intervjupersonerna lämnade empiriska information analyseras begreppen infostress och identitet utifrån en organisations aspekt. Analysen tar sin utgångspunkt i framförallt Asplunds teori om social responsivitet och hur denna ligger till grund för att individen drabbas av utbrändhet. Jag har också använd mig av Gidens begrepp om rutiniseringen av vardagen för att analysera hur det här begreppet bidrar till skapandet av sammanhållen identitet. Hur den kan öka individens möjlighet att bemästra de snabba samhällsförändringarna och därmed även förändringarna på arbetsplatsen. Utgår från att arbetsplatsen som organisation speglar på olika sätt dagens informations samhälle. Främst hänsyn tas till den nya formen av social responsivitet som jag har benämnt ”artificiell social respons” där personlig fysik närvaro uteblir. Mängden av roller som vi är tvungna att hantera i vår vardag och rutiniseringen av dessa kan ses som bidragande faktor till skapandet av flexibilitet i den sammanhållna identiteten som kan vara viktig för att förebygga utbrändhet. Utbrändhet ser jag som ett komplex problem som drabbar den enskilda individen i det informativa nätverkssamhället och informativa nätverksorganisationen där förändringarna snabbt avlöser varandra