Test of a dispersion sweep correction system using a centroid in the DIRAC beam line

A new proton beam position detector named "centroid" is placed in the DIRAC target situation and is aligned with respect to the beam. Behind it there is a set of various targets used for the DIRAC experiment. The "centroid" itself collects the secondary electrons, which are emitted by the target when hit by the proton beam. This provides an on-line verification of the beam position without obstructing the beam path by a screen, and without perturbing the experiment. A computer application then calculates the corrections needed to centre the beam in both planes as a function of time. This report will explain how this is done

CERN Proton Synchrotron working point control using an improved version of the pole-face-windings and figure-of-eight loop powering

The working point of the CERN Proton Synchrotron, which is equipped with combined function magnets, is controlled using pole-face-windings. Each main magnet consists of one focusing and one de-focusing half-unit on which four pole-face-winding plates are mounted containing two separate coils each, called narrow and wide. At present they are connected in series, but can be powered independently. In addition, a winding called the figure-of-eight loop, contours the pole faces and crosses between the two half units, generating opposite fields in each half-unit. The four optical parameters, horizontal and vertical tune and chromaticity, are adjusted by acting on the pole-face-winding currents in both half units and in the figure-of-eight loop, leaving one physical quantity free. The power supply consolidation project opened the opportunity to use five independent power supplies, to adjust the four parameters plus an additional degree of freedom. This paper presents the results of the measurements that have been made in the five-current mode together with the influence of the magnetic nonlinearities, due to the unbalance in the narrow and wide winding currents, on the beam dynamics

Experimental evidence of adiabatic splitting of charged particle beams using stable islands of transverse phase space

Recently, a novel technique to perform multi-turn extraction from a circular particle accelerator was proposed. It is based on beam splitting and trapping, induced by a slow crossing of a nonlinear resonance, inside stable islands of transverse phase space. Experiments at the CERN Proton Synchrotron started in 2002 and evidence of beam splitting was obtained by summer 2004. In this paper the measurement results achieved with both a low- and a high-intensity, single-bunch proton beam are presented

Athymic nude rat. III natural cell mediated cytotoxicity.

Homozygous rnu/rnu and heterozygous +/rnu rats were investigated and compared with each other for the existence of natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Investigated were total, adherent, and nonadherent cell populations from spleen, peritoneal cavity, and mesenteric lymph node. The natural killer (NK) cell activity was measured in a 4-hr 51Cr-release assay with a xenogeneic murine YAC lymphoma target cell line. In both and +/rnu rats the peritoneal cavity had the highest percentage of activity, while the spleen and mesenteric lymph node showed a lower activity. The mesenteric lymph node of +/rnu rats of 8–10 weeks of age was found to express a very low activity, in contrast to a very high activity in rats. For almost every effector to target cell (E:T) ratio investigated (100, 70, 50, and 10), the natural killer cell activity in the nude rats was found to be significantly higher than in their thymus-bearing littermates. In comparison with that of +/rnu rats, NK activity in the nonadherent cell fractions of athymic rats was 50 to 60% higher in spleen cells, doubled in peritoneal cells, and increased 10-fold or higher in lymph node cells. Investigations o

Nominal LHC Beam Instability Observations in the CERN Proton Synchrotron

The nominal LHC beam has been produced successfully in the CERN Proton Synchrotron since 2003. However, after having restarted the CERN PS in spring 2006, the LHC beam was set-up and observed to be unstable on the 26 GeV/c extraction flat top. An intensive measurement campaign was made to understand the instability and to trace its source. This paper presents the observations, possible explanations and the necessary measures to be taken in order to avoid this instability in the future

Damages for Mental Distress Caused by Breach of Contract

内容摘要对在侵权责任中适用精神损害赔偿，无论是在理论界还是司法实务界，都已达成了共识。而对在违约责任中能否适用精神损害赔偿，则众说纷纭、莫衷一是。在我国理论界，对此持否定论的观点占据了主流地位，而在我国司法实务中，一些地方的法院则在一些特定类型的合同之诉中，承认了违约精神损害赔偿的存在。违约可以导致精神损害后果的出现，这是确定不移的事实。那么，反对在违约中给予精神损害赔偿的理由何在？承认违约精神损害赔偿的存在又有何依据？为此，笔者在对精神损害赔偿的功能、法律性质和制度基础等问题作了概述以后，对反对给予违约精神损害赔偿救济的观点一一进行了驳析。并在比较考察国外一些国家的判例和司法实践经验的基础上...ABSTRACT To the application of damages for mental distress in the liability of tore is commonly accepted whether in theory or in practice. However, to the application of damages for mental distress in the liability of breach of contract is not widely accepted. There are many theories exciting now. In theory, most of the people disagree with it. But in our judicatory practice, some courts have ...学位：法律硕士院系专业：法学院法律系_法律硕士(JM)学号：20030817

Fifty years of the CERN Proton Synchrotron : Volume 2

This report sums up in two volumes the first 50 years of operation of the CERN Proton Synchrotron. After an introduction on the genesis of the machine, and a description of its magnet and powering systems, the first volume focuses on some of the many innovations in accelerator physics and instrumentation that it has pioneered, such as transition crossing, RF gymnastics, extractions, phase space tomography, or transverse emittance measurement by wire scanners. The second volume describes the other machines in the PS complex: the proton linear accelerators, the PS Booster, the LEP pre-injector, the heavy-ion linac and accumulator, and the antiproton rings.Comment: 58 pages, published as CERN Yellow Report https://cds.cern.ch/record/1597087?ln=e

Immunoliposome-mediated targeting of doxorubicin to human ovarian carcinoma in vitro and in vivo.

This paper deals with the utility of immunoliposomes for the delivery of doxorubicin (DXR) to human ovarian carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. We aimed to investigate whether immunoliposome-mediated targeting of DXR to ovarian cancer cells translates in an enhanced anti-tumour effect compared with that of non-targeted DXR liposomes (lacking the specific antibody). Target cell binding and anti-tumour activity of DXR immunoliposomes were studied in vitro and in vivo (xenograft model of ovarian carcinoma). In vitro we observed that target cell binding and cell growth inhibition of DXR immunoliposomes is superior to that of non-targeted DXR-liposomes. However, in vivo, despite the efficient target cell binding and good anti-tumour response of DXR-immunoliposomes, no difference in anti-tumour effect, compared with non-targeted DXR-liposomes, could be determined. The results indicate that premature DXR leakage from immunoliposomes occurring before the actual target cell binding and subsequent DXR association with the tumour cells, explains why no significant differences in anti-tumour activity between DXR-immunoliposomes and non-targeted DXR-liposomes were observed in vivo