1,010 research outputs found
Analysis and evaluation of the entropy indices of a static network structure
Although degree distribution entropy (DDE), SD structure entropy (SDSE), Wu structure entropy (WSE) and FB structure entropy (FBSE) are four static network structure entropy indices widely used to quantify the heterogeneity of a complex network, previous studies have paid little attention to their differing abilities to describe network structure. We calculate these four structure entropies for four benchmark networks and compare the results by measuring the ability of each index to characterize network heterogeneity. We find that SDSE and FBSE more accurately characterize network heterogeneity than WSE and DDE. We also find that existing benchmark networks fail to distinguish SDSE and FBSE because they cannot discriminate local and global network heterogeneity. We solve this problem by proposing an evolving caveman network that reveals the differences between structure entropy indices by comparing the sensitivities during the network evolutionary process. Mathematical analysis and computational simulation both indicate that FBSE describes the global topology variation in the evolutionary process of a caveman network, and that the other three structure entropy indices reflect only local network heterogeneity. Our study offers an expansive view of the structural complexity of networks and expands our understanding of complex network behavior.The authors would like to thank the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (71501153), Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province of China (2016JQ6072), and the Foundation of China Scholarship Council (201506965039, 201606965057). (71501153 - National Natural Science Foundation of China; 2016JQ6072 - Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province of China; 201506965039 - Foundation of China Scholarship Council; 201606965057 - Foundation of China Scholarship Council)Published versio
Dynamics of social contagions with local trend imitation
Research on social contagion dynamics has not yet including a theoretical
analysis of the ubiquitous local trend imitation (LTI) characteristic. We
propose a social contagion model with a tent-like adoption probability
distribution to investigate the effect of this LTI characteristic on behavior
spreading. We also propose a generalized edge-based compartmental theory to
describe the proposed model. Through extensive numerical simulations and
theoretical analyses, we find a crossover in the phase transition: when the LTI
capacity is strong, the growth of the final behavior adoption size exhibits a
second-order phase transition. When the LTI capacity is weak, we see a
first-order phase transition. For a given behavioral information transmission
probability, there is an optimal LTI capacity that maximizes the final behavior
adoption size. Finally we find that the above phenomena are not qualitatively
affected by the heterogeneous degree distribution. Our suggested theory agrees
with the simulation results.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figure
Suppressing disease spreading by using information diffusion on multiplex networks
Although there is always an interplay between the dynamics of information
diffusion and disease spreading, the empirical research on the systemic
coevolution mechanisms connecting these two spreading dynamics is still
lacking. Here we investigate the coevolution mechanisms and dynamics between
information and disease spreading by utilizing real data and a proposed
spreading model on multiplex network. Our empirical analysis finds asymmetrical
interactions between the information and disease spreading dynamics. Our
results obtained from both the theoretical framework and extensive stochastic
numerical simulations suggest that an information outbreak can be triggered in
a communication network by its own spreading dynamics or by a disease outbreak
on a contact network, but that the disease threshold is not affected by
information spreading. Our key finding is that there is an optimal information
transmission rate that markedly suppresses the disease spreading. We find that
the time evolution of the dynamics in the proposed model qualitatively agrees
with the real-world spreading processes at the optimal information transmission
rate.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figure
Critical behavior for the dilaton black holes
We study the critical behavior in the black p-branes and four dimensional
charged dilaton black holes. We calculate the thermodynamic fluctuations in the
various (microcanonical, canonical, and grandcanonical) ensembles. It is found
that the extremal limit of some black configurations has a critical point and a
phase transition takes place from the extremal to nonextremal black
configurations. Some critical exponents are obtained, which satisfy the scaling
laws. This is related to the fact that the entropy of these black
configurations is a homogeneous function.Comment: 33 pages, RevTex, no figure
Jack vertex operators and realization of Jack functions
We give an iterative method to realize general Jack functions from Jack
functions of rectangular shapes. We first show some cases of Stanley's
conjecture on positivity of the Littlewood-Richardson coefficients, and then
use this method to give a new realization of Jack functions. We also show in
general that vectors of products of Jack vertex operators form a basis of
symmetric functions. In particular this gives a new proof of linear
independence for the rectangular and marked rectangular Jack vertex operators.
Thirdly a generalized Frobenius formula for Jack functions was given and was
used to give new evaluation of Dyson integrals and even powers of Vandermonde
determinant.Comment: Expanded versio
Transradial versus transfemoral arterial access in the uterine artery embolization of fibroids
Purpose: Transradial arterial access has become more popular in body interventional procedures but has not been ubiquitously adapted. This retrospective study assesses the efficacy of this approach in uterine artery embolization. Aim of the study was to compare transradial to transfemoral arterial access in patients undergoing uterine artery embolization for the treatment of fibroids. Material and methods: A total of 172 patients underwent uterine artery embolization procedures at our institute from October 2014 to June 2020. Of these, 76 patients had their operations performed via transfemoral access while 96 underwent transradial access. The peak radiation dose, fluoroscopy time, procedure time, total contrast volume, and equipment cost for each procedure were all reviewed to evaluate for statistical differences between the 2 groups. Results: All cases were technically successful without major complications. The average peak skin dose was 2281 mGy, with no statistical difference between the transradial or transfemoral cohorts. Average fluoroscopy time was 25 minutes, also with no statistical difference between the subsets. Mean procedure time was 100 min, and mean contrast volume usage was 138 mL with no statistical differences. Similarly, the average equipment cost was $2204, with no significant differences found between transradial and transfemoral access. Conclusions: With respect to many pertinent radiation parameters, transradial access was evaluated as being an equally efficacious alternative to transfemoral access in uterine artery embolization procedures. The results of this study suggest that transradial access should be considered more often, whenever viable, as an option in the uterine artery embolization treatment of fibroids
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