Urgent agricultural issues of soil protection

The primary aim of this study is to draw attention to the importance of legal problems of soil protection. The basis for my study is the ombudsman’s 2016 principle of soil protection. This resolution summarizes the most pressing soil protection measures in 15 points that need to be taken as soon as possible to preserve soil resources. To narrow the wide range of topics, I will examine three points: (1) preservation of soil resources, (2) soil sealing, (3) brownfield instead of greenfield. Hungary is in a special position concerning this most ancient natural resource, as only 11% of all the land covered area of Earth consists of soil, the EU average is less than 30%, while in Hungary it is more than 60%. Despite the existing protective legal requirements, soil degradation is a constant issue. The persistence of population growth spells the need for more arable land, but as a result of the stressful impacts caused by people we are running out of useable topsoil. Assessing both the short and long term process of land reclamation, it can be stated that more and more farmland becomes permanently and imperviously covered for other purposes each year, and as the arable land area decreases, the impervious surface area grows despite all respective decisions, regulations and prohibitions

A közigazgatási döntéshozatal támogatása elektronikus eszközökkel, különös tekintettel a hatósági eljárásra

A (közhatalmi) közigazgatási tevékenység célja a döntéshozatal, illetve ennek keretei között bizonyos joghatás kiváltása. A hatékony döntéshozatalhoz a közigazgatásnak mindenekelőtt információkra van szüksége, akár kormányzati, akár hatósági döntéshozatalról beszélünk. A technológiai fejlődés napjainkban lehetővé teszi a közigazgatás számára az elektronikus eszközökkel támogatott, magas színvonalú, nagy mennyiségű adatot feldolgozó és gyors döntéselőkészítést. A fejlett infokommunikációs eszközök, technológia alkalmazásának a hatásai viszont túlmutatnak a közigazgatás határain, és számos megválaszolandó kérdést vetnek fel. A probléma komplexitását jól mutatja, hogy a vizsgálatok során felmerülnek jogi (stratégiai), technológiai, társadalmi és financiális szempontok, kihívások egyaránt. Tanulmányunkban a technológiai fejlődés közigazgatásra kifejtett hatásaival, a széles körű digitalizáció megvalósításának előfeltételeivel, kritériumaival, különösen azokkal a faktorokkal, körülményekkel, adottságokkal foglalkozunk, amelyek a közigazgatási hatósági jogalkalmazásban jelentkeznek e körben

A Composite Bioinoculant Based on the Combined Application of Beneficial Bacteria and Fungi

A composite soil bioinoculant containing beneficial bacteria and fungi was developed for biocontrol of plant pathogens, phosphorous mobilization, stem degradation, humification, and nitrogen fixation. A Trichoderma asperellum isolate with outstanding in vitro antagonistic abilities toward a series of plant pathogenic fungi was included as a potential biocontrol component. The selected strain was also shown to promote growth and increase photosynthetic activity of tomato plants. For phosphorous mobilization and stem degradation, a Trichoderma atrobrunneum strain was selected, which produced cellulose-degrading enzymes even in the absence of stem residues, while this ability increased 10–15-fold in the presence of ground maize stem. The strain was also shown to produce large amounts of enzymes liberating organically bound phosphorous, as well as cellulase and xylanase activities in solid-state fermentation on various plant residues. A Streptomyces albus strain with excellent peroxidase-producing abilities was selected as a potential humus-producing component, while an Azotobacter vinelandii strain with the potential to provide excess nitrogen for crops was included for nitrogen fixation. The assembled soil bioinoculant had positive effect on the uptake of certain important macro- and microelements (potassium, sodium, and manganese) from the soil by field-grown tomato plants. The applied screening strategy proved to be applicable for the assembly of a composite soil bioinoculant with notable application potentials

Biodistribution, metabolism, and in vivo gene expression of low molecular weight glycopeptide polyethylene glycol peptide DNA co-condensates

The biodistribution, metabolism, cellular targeting, and gene expression of a nonviral peptide DNA gene delivery system was examined. 125 I-labeled plasmid DNA was condensed with low molecular weight peptide conjugates and dosed i.v. in mice to determine the influence of peptide DNA formulation parameters on specific gene targeting to hepatocytes. Optimal targeting to hepatocytes required the combined use of a triantennary glycopeptide (Tri-CWK 18 ) and a polyethylene glycol-peptide (PEG-CWK 18 ) to mediate specific recognition by the asialoglycoprotein receptor and to reduce nonspecific uptake by Kupffer cells. Tri-CWK 18 /PEG-CWK 18 DNA co-condensates were stabilized and protected from metabolism by glutaraldehyde crosslinking. An optimized formulation targeted 60% of the dose to the liver with 80% of the liver targeted DNA localized to hepatocytes. Glutaraldehyde crosslinking of DNA condensates reduced the liver elimination rate from a t ½ of 0.8 to 3.6 h. An optimized gene delivery formulation produced detectable levels of human Α1-antitrypsin in mouse serum which peaked at day 7 compared to no expression using control formulations. The results demonstrate the application of formulation optimization to improve the targeting selectivity and gene expression of a peptide DNA delivery system. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmaceutical Association J Pharm Sci 89: 499–512, 2000Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/34500/1/7_ftp.pd

A Segítőház minőségirányítási rendszere a hajléktalan emberek társadalmi integrációjának szolgálatában

INST: L_11