Prolagus Pomel, 1853 (Lagomorpha, Mammalia) in the Framework of the Pliocene Faunal Rearrangements in Central Europe

[Abstract] Pliocene occurrences of Prolagus Pomel, 1853 in central Europe represent anomalies out of the peri-Mediterranean area, at that time the core distribution of the genus. Though known for several decades, those materials never underwent a general revision. The detailed analysis and comparison of all available materials performed here revealed two phenotypic entities: 1) Prolagus bilobus Heller, 1936 (Gundersheim localities, Raciszyn 1), for which were defined additional diagnostic characters and ontogenetic patterns of variation (d3/p3 and mandible); and 2) Prolagus sp. (Beremend 26/39), probably a new species. All the available occurrences are dated to MN15b. The morphological trends towards the reduction of p3 entoconid and of enamel folding evidenced in Pliocene Prolagus of western Europe cannot be recognized in coeval central European forms. Evidently, P. bilobus and Prolagus sp. do not pertain to the western European clade, whose separation is known since the early late Miocene. We hypothesize that at least P. bilobus originated from a dispersal of Prolagus from south-eastern regions of Europe rather than from an autochthonous speciation of isolated populations left as a relict after the southward displacement of Prolagus distribution area. The dispersal is likely to be related to the Pliocene global environmental changes during which extensive faunal rearrangements took place in Europe, in particular to those near the early/late Pliocene boundary.[Résumé] Prolagus Pomel, 1853 (Lagomorpha, Mammalia) dans le cadre des réarrangements fauniques du Pliocène de l’Europe centrale. Le peu de données dont nous disposons sur le Prolagus Pomel, 1853 du Pliocène d’Europe centrale représentent des anomalies dans la distribution géographique du genre, qui, à cette époque, est limité à la zone péri-Méditerranéenne. Bien que la présence de Prolagus dans le Pliocène d’Europe centrale est connue depuis plusieurs décennies, de tels matériels n’ont jamais fait l’objet d’une révision générale. Une analyse détaillée et une comparaison de tous les matériels disponibles étudiés ici ont permis d’identifier deux éntités phénotypiques : 1) Prolagus bilobus Heller, 1936 à Gundersheim (plusieurs localités) et Raciszyn 1, pour lequel des caractères diagnostiques additionnels et des modèles ontogénétiques de variation (d3/p3 et mandibule) ont été définis ; et 2) Prolagus sp. à Beremend 26/39, qui représente probablement une nouvelle espèce. Toutes les occurrences disponibles sont datées du MN15b. Les tendances morphologiques vers une réduction de l’entoconide de p3 et une diminution du repli de l’émail, mises en évidence dans les espèces pliocènes de Prolagus d’Europe occidentale, n’ont pas été reconnues dans des formes contemporaines d’Europe centrale. Prolagus bilobus et Prolagus sp. n’appartiennent manifestement pas au clade ouest-européen, dont la séparation est connue depuis le début du Miocène supérieur. Notre hypothèse est qu’au moins P. bilobus trouve son origine dans une dispersion des populations à partir de l’Europe sud-orientale plutôt que, comme on le croyait autrefois, dans une spéciation autochtone de populations isolées, laissées telles des vestiges à la suite du déplacement vers le sud de l’aire de distribution géographique de Prolagus. Cette dispersion est probablement liée aux changements environnementaux à l’échelle globale survenus au Pliocène, et responsables de changements environnementaux globaux pendant lesquels des réarrangements fauniques majeurs ont pris place en Europe, et particulièrement à la transition Pliocène inférieur/supérieur.The study was supported by institutional support RVO67985831 of the Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences. CA was supported by: Visiting Professor grant of the President’s International Fellowship Initiative of the Chinese Academy of Science; Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación and the European Regional Development Fund of the European Union (CGL2016-76431-P); CERCA Program, Generalitat de Catalunya; Grant to Department of Science, Roma Tre University (MIUR-Italy Dipartimenti di Eccellenza, ART. 1, C. 314-337 L. 232/2016). BMS was supported by Xunta de Galicia (ED481B 2018/046, Axudas á etapa postdoutoral da Xunta de Galicia 2018-Modalidade A)Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geology; RVO67985831Xunta de Galicia; ED481B 2018/04

New insights on Paludotona, an insular endemic lagomorph (Mammalia) from the Tusco-Sardinian palaeobioprovince (Italy, Turolian, late Miocene)

The first vertebrate genus described from the Baccinello-Cinigiano Basin, Paludotona, is here revised almost 6 decades after its original description, with the inclusion of new material. Paludotona is an endemic insular lagomorph that inhabited the Tusco-Sardinian Palaeobioprovince during the late Miocene (Turolian), in the time span between 8.3-6.7 Ma. The continental ancestor of Paludotona remains unknown. We are skeptical about the widely accepted hypothesis of its descent from Lagopsis. The retention of archaic dental features in Paludotona suggests that its ancestor may have been a pre-MN2 European rooted lagomorph. In our opinion the 'modern' characters observed in Paludotona dental elements are the consequence of an evolutionary convergence that was mainly driven by an increased life history triggered by the permanence of an insular environment. We emend the diagnosis of the type species, Paludotona etruria from the Baccinello local biochron (mammal assemblage zone) V1, and erect P. minor n. sp., from Baccinello local biochron V2. The two species differ in size and several dental characters, and do not form a direct phylogenetic lineage. Paludotona minor n. sp. appears to be more closely related to the remains recovered from Baccinello local biochron V0 (referred to P. aff. minor n. sp.) than to P. etruria, which is the temporally closest congeneric species. A few remains referable to the transition of Baccinello local biochrons V1-V2 were ascribed to P. cf. minor n. sp. These results suggest that the Tusco-Sardinian Palaeobioprovince was fragmented into an archipelago. There is no record of Paludotona after the connection of the Tusco-Sardinian Palaeobioprovince and Italian mainland in the Messinian

Towards Provable Network Traffic Measurement and Analysis via Semi-Labeled Trace Datasets

Research in network traffic measurement and analysis is a long-lasting field with growing interest from both scientists and the industry. However, even after so many years, results replication, criticism, and review are still rare. We face not only a lack of research standards, but also inaccessibility of appropriate datasets that can be used for methods development and evaluation. Therefore, a lot of potentially high-quality research cannot be verified and is not adopted by the industry or the community. The aim of this paper is to overcome this controversy with a unique solution based on a combination of distinct approaches proposed by other research works. Unlike these studies, we focus on the whole issue covering all areas of data anonymization, authenticity, recency, publicity, and their usage for research provability. We believe that these challenges can be solved by utilization of semi-labeled datasets composed of real-world network traffic and annotated units with interest-related packet traces only. In this paper, we outline the basic ideas of the methodology from unit trace collection and semi-labeled dataset creation to its usage for research evaluation. We strive for this proposal to start a discussion of the approach and help to overcome some of the challenges the research faces today

Snežna jama (Slovenia): Interdisciplinary dating of cave sediments and implication for landscape evolution

AbstractCaves are important markers of surface evolution, since they are, as a general rule, linked with ancient valley bottoms by their springs. However, caves can only be dated indirectly by means of the sediments they contain. If the sediment is older than common dating methods, one has to use multiple dating approaches in order to get meaningful results. U/Th dating, palaeomagnetic analysis of flowstone and sediment profiles, cosmogenic dating of quartz pebbles, and mammalian dating allowed a robust estimate of speleogenesis, sediment deposition, climatic change at the surface, and uplift history on the Periadriatic fault line during the Plio-Pleistocene. Our dates indicate that Snežna jama was formed in the (Upper) Miocene, received its sedimentary deposits during the Pliocene in a rather low-lying, hilly landscape, and became inactive due to uplift along the Periadriatic and Sava faults and climatic changes at the beginning of the Quaternary. Although it is only a single cave, the information contained within it makes it an important site of the Southern Alps

Lagomorpha (Mammalia) of the Pliocene and Pleistocene of Europe: a revision of selected taxa

1 Lagomorpha (Mammalia) pliocénu a pleistocénu Evropy: revize vybraných taxonů Stanislav Čermák Předkládaná dizertační (uznaná jako rigorózní) práce se zabývá vybranými taxony fosilních zajícovců (starobylá konzervativní skupina býložravých savců) úseku spodního pliocénu až spodního pleistocénu (ruscin - bihar) Evropy. Technikami podrobné morfometrické analýzy (42 metrických, 14 nemetrických znaků) byl zpracován fosilní materiál (většinou nový nepublikovaný) dentálních a kraniálních pozůstatků rodů Psedobellatona, Ochotonoma, Ochotona a Hypolagus (N = 639) celkem z 38 lokalit území Česka, Slovenska, Maďarska a Ukrajiny reprezentující stratigrafický úsek spodní ruscin až svrchní bihar (MN 14 - Q2). Daná práce podává: (1) Ochotonidae - detailní revizi dosud komplexně nestudovaných taxonů pišťuch "skupiny Ochotona" spodního pliocénu (ruscin) východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (tj. taxonů Ochotona antiqua, Pseudobellatona, a Ochotonoma); v kontextu Česka a Slovenska revizi nálezů rodu Ochotona z pleistocénních (MN 17 - Q1) lokalit daného území, která podstatnou měrou rozšiřuje znalosti o těchto pišťuchách založené dosud na relativně nepočetných nálezech z lokalit Francie, Německa, Polska a Maďarska; (2) Leporidae - komplexní revizi rodu Hypolagus - stěžejního a dominantního rodu čeledi Leporidae pliocénu a...1 Lagomorpha (Mammalia) pliocénu a pleistocénu Evropy: revize vybraných taxonů Stanislav Čermák Předkládaná dizertační (uznaná jako rigorózní) práce se zabývá vybranými taxony fosilních zajícovců (starobylá konzervativní skupina býložravých savců) úseku spodního pliocénu až spodního pleistocénu (ruscin - bihar) Evropy. Technikami podrobné morfometrické analýzy (42 metrických, 14 nemetrických znaků) byl zpracován fosilní materiál (většinou nový nepublikovaný) dentálních a kraniálních pozůstatků rodů Psedobellatona, Ochotonoma, Ochotona a Hypolagus (N = 639) celkem z 38 lokalit území Česka, Slovenska, Maďarska a Ukrajiny reprezentující stratigrafický úsek spodní ruscin až svrchní bihar (MN 14 - Q2). Daná práce podává: (1) Ochotonidae - detailní revizi dosud komplexně nestudovaných taxonů pišťuch "skupiny Ochotona" spodního pliocénu (ruscin) východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (tj. taxonů Ochotona antiqua, Pseudobellatona, a Ochotonoma); v kontextu Česka a Slovenska revizi nálezů rodu Ochotona z pleistocénních (MN 17 - Q1) lokalit daného území, která podstatnou měrou rozšiřuje znalosti o těchto pišťuchách založené dosud na relativně nepočetných nálezech z lokalit Francie, Německa, Polska a Maďarska; (2) Leporidae - komplexní revizi rodu Hypolagus - stěžejního a dominantního rodu čeledi Leporidae pliocénu a...Institute of Geology and PaleontologyÚstav geologie a paleontologieFaculty of SciencePřírodovědecká fakult

Návrh fasádního obkladu ze dřeva a z materiálů na jeho bázi

The bachelor thesis deals with wooden facades and wall sidings of wood-based materials. Attention is given to facade division, their manners of structures, the possibility of using materials for the external shell, as well as to thermal insulation here. In the practical part will be designed two options of facade siding for a specific family house. The proposals include the structural system, the using materials and the price calculation. To the bachelor thesis is attached the drawing documentation with coloured facade plans

Lagomorpha (Mammalia) of the Pliocene and Pleistocene of Europe: a revision of selected taxa

1 Lagomorpha (Mammalia) of the Pliocene and Pleistocene of Europe: a revision of selected taxa Stanislav Čermák The dissertation (accepted as a rigorous) thesis is concerned with selected taxa of lagomorphs, an ancient conservative group of herbivorous mammals, in the Pliocene and Pleistocene (Ruscinian - Biharian) of Europe. Using techniques of detailed morphometric analysis of 42 metric and 14 non-metric features, the fossil material (mostly new unpublished) of dental and cranial remains of Lagomorpha from 38 localities of Central, Southeastern, and Eastern Europe covering stratigraphically the period from Early Ruscinian to Late Biharian (MN 14 - Q2) was analyzed in detail. The work provides: (1) Ochotonidae - a detailed revision of poorly known pikas of "Ochotona group" from the Pliocene (Ruscinian) of Eastern and Southeastern Europe (i.e. Ochotona antiqua, Pseudobellatona, and Ochotonoma); a detailed morphometric survey of all currently available fossil record of Ochotona from the Pleistocene (MN 17 - Q1) localities of the Czech and Slovak Republics, it enlarges knowledge about these ochotonids based, up to now, on the relatively scarce fossil record from France, Germany, Poland, and Hungary; (2) Leporidae - a comprehensive revision of Hypolagus - the important and dominant genus of Leporidae in the..

Návrh dřevostavby rodinného domu v obci Havlíčkova Borová

The thesis deals with project of wooden building family house. The first part of the thesis is focused on a brief acquaintance with the structural system and then concrete conditions of the plot. In the practical part within the structural solution are designed to structure the walls and internal structures focusing on thermally technical appraisal and elaboration of drawings of the family house. An integral part of the thesis is the making of the statement the material needed and the design process of the construction of the family house

Lagomorpha (Mammalia) of the Pliocene and Pleistocene of Europe: a revision of selected taxa

1 Lagomorpha (Mammalia) of the Pliocene and Pleistocene of Europe: a revision of selected taxa Stanislav Čermák The dissertation (accepted as a rigorous) thesis is concerned with selected taxa of lagomorphs, an ancient conservative group of herbivorous mammals, in the Pliocene and Pleistocene (Ruscinian - Biharian) of Europe. Using techniques of detailed morphometric analysis of 42 metric and 14 non-metric features, the fossil material (mostly new unpublished) of dental and cranial remains of Lagomorpha from 38 localities of Central, Southeastern, and Eastern Europe covering stratigraphically the period from Early Ruscinian to Late Biharian (MN 14 - Q2) was analyzed in detail. The work provides: (1) Ochotonidae - a detailed revision of poorly known pikas of "Ochotona group" from the Pliocene (Ruscinian) of Eastern and Southeastern Europe (i.e. Ochotona antiqua, Pseudobellatona, and Ochotonoma); a detailed morphometric survey of all currently available fossil record of Ochotona from the Pleistocene (MN 17 - Q1) localities of the Czech and Slovak Republics, it enlarges knowledge about these ochotonids based, up to now, on the relatively scarce fossil record from France, Germany, Poland, and Hungary; (2) Leporidae - a comprehensive revision of Hypolagus - the important and dominant genus of Leporidae in the..

Two new species of Prolagus (Lagomorpha, Mammalia) from the Late Miocene of Hungary: taxonomy, biochronology, and palaeobiogeography

The present study describes two new species, Prolagus pannonicus sp. nov. and P. latiuncinatus sp. nov. from the Late Miocene Hungarian localities Sümeg (MN10/11) and Polgárdi 2 (MN13). These species are closely related, probably by a direct ancestor–descendant relationship. They share characters common to Late Miocene–Pliocene eastern European species (e.g. the retention of the entoconid enamel in p3 contrarily to coeval western European ones), attesting to an eastern European group of Prolagus that evolved independently from western European species at least since MN10/11. Nevertheless, the two Hungarian species of Prolagus here described follow particular evolutionary trends: contrarily to other European Late Miocene species, their p3 does not undergo a substantial size increase after MN12, whereas the crochet size enlarges noticeably. Special emphasis is given to the comparison of P. pannonicus sp. nov. and P. latiuncinatus sp. nov. with the Gargano insular endemic Prolagus species. Their common morphological traits are related to convergence due to endemism. Prolagus pannonicus sp. nov. and P. latiuncinatus sp. nov. probably were continental isolated species