La nuova istruzione adulti e i percorsi di istruzione nelle carceri: realtà e prospettive

The article traces the stages of the reorganization of adult education and education paths in prisons, which took place between 2012 and 2015, in conjunction with the reorganization and revision of the treatment path in criminal execution by the prison administration and the establishment, by the teachers of education paths in prison, of the Network of Restricted Schools defined a “Direct Observatory” on the reality and the state of criminal execution that has allowed teachers to implement useful ways of intervention for a full application of Article 27 of the Constitution. The analysis of the real state of education in prisons and the guarantee of the right to study and knowledge in a state of detention, is followed by that of the incidence of the pandemic in the relationship between penitentiary and educational institution and the necessary changes that the now inevitable process of modernization of technologies and equipment requires.Nell’articolo si ripercorrono le fasi della riorganizzazione dell’istruzione degli adulti e dei percorsi di istruzione in carcere, avvenuta tra il 2012 e il 2015, in concomitanza con il percorso di riorganizzazione e revisione del percorso trattamentale nel-l’esecuzione penale da parte dell’amministrazione penitenziaria e la costituzione, da parte dei docenti dei percorsi di istruzione in carcere, della Rete delle scuole ristrette definito un “Osservatorio diretto” sulla realtà e sullo stato dell’esecuzione penale che ha permesso ai docenti di attuare modalità di intervento utili per una piena applicazione dell’articolo 27 della Costituzione. All’analisi del reale stato dell’istruzione nelle carceri e della garanzia del diritto allo studio e alla conoscenza in stato di detenzione, fa seguito quella dell’incidenza della pandemia nelle relazioni tra istituzione penitenziaria e istituzione scolastica e delle necessarie trasformazioni che l’ormai inevitabile processo di ammodernamento delle tecnologie e della strumentazione impone

Flexibilidade comportamental de um grupo de macacos-prego (Cebus libidinosus) no Parque Nacional de Brasília (Brasil): conseqüências da convivência com os visitantes

Increasing urbanization and deforestation have enhanced the opportunities of contact between humans and monkeys and the impact of human activities on primate behavior is receiving growing attention. This study explores whether activity budgets and diet of a group of capuchin monkeys (Cebus libidinosus) inhabiting the area of the swimming pools of the National Park of Brasília is affected by the presence of visitors providing food to them. During one year, both in the dry and the wet seasons, we scored capuchins' behavior via scan sampling every ten minutes. Results showed that this group spent less time foraging for wild foods than other comparable groups living in similar habitats. Moreover, capuchins relied more on human food during the dry season, when pulpy fruits were less available, than in the wet season. Our findings confirm other studies on different monkey species that have shown that access to human food decreases the time spent foraging for wild food and the home range size. They also show that capuchins are able to modify their diet, to exploit alternative food sources, and to change their activity budget in response to the availability of new food opportunities and to seasonal food availability.Recentemente, o impacto de atividades humanas sobre o comportamento de primatas tem recebido maior importância dado o crescente desmatamento e urbanização, que têm favorecido o aumento do contato entre humanos e macacos. O presente estudo descreve os padrões de atividade e a dieta de um grupo de macacos-prego (Cebus libidinosus) que vive no Parque Nacional de Brasília. O Parque é freqüentado diariamente por visitantes, de modo que os animais estão habituados à presença humana, bem como ao consumo de itens de sua dieta. Observações comportamentais do grupo foram realizadas ao longo de um ano, compreendendo a estação seca e a chuvosa, utilizando-se registro de varredura a cada 10 minutos. Resultados obtidos indicaram que o grupo despendeu menos tempo forrageando itens naturais do que outros grupos vivendo em habitats similares. Além disso, durante a estação seca, quando há menor disponibilidade dos frutos de polpa, os macacos-prego alimentaram-se mais de itens da dieta humana como uma fonte alternativa de recurso. Como demonstrado em estudos anteriores realizados com outras espécies de macacos, a alimentação baseada em itens da dieta humana pareceu diminuir a motivação dos animais para forragear no seu habitat natural, assim como promoveu a redução do tempo gasto no forrageamento e a redução de sua área de uso. Nossos resultados indicaram ainda que o consumo de comida humana reflete o caráter adaptável dos animais em explorar fontes alternativas de recurso, bem como a sua habilidade em modificar a sua dieta e padrões de comportamento face às mudanças ambientais

Occurence and Bioactivities of Funicone-Related Compounds

Studies on production of secondary metabolites by fungi have received a substantial boost lately, particularly with reference to applications of their biological properties in human medicine. Funicones represent a series of related compounds for which there is accumulating evidence supporting their possible use as pharmaceuticals. This paper provides a review on the current status of knowledge on these fungal extrolites, with special reference to aspects concerning their molecular structures and biological activities

Chemical composition and antigenotoxic properties of Lippia alba essential oils

The present work evaluated the chemical composition and the DNA protective effect of the essential oils (EOs) from Lippia alba against bleomycin-induced genotoxicity. EO constituents were determined by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis. The major compounds encountered being citral (33% geranial and 25% neral), geraniol (7%) and trans-β-caryophyllene (7%) for L. alba specimen COL512077, and carvone (38%), limonene (33%) and bicyclosesquiphellandrene (8%) for the other, COL512078. The genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity of EO and the compounds citral, carvone and limonene, were assayed using the SOS Chromotest in Escherichia coli. The EOs were not genotoxic in the SOS chromotest, but one of the major compound (limonene) showed genotoxicity at doses between 97 and 1549 mM. Both EOs protected bacterial cells against bleomycin-induced genotoxicity. Antigenotoxicity in the two L. alba chemotypes was related to the major compounds, citral and carvone, respectively. The results were discussed in relation to the chemopreventive potential of L. alba EOs and its major compounds

Stem End Blockage in Cut Grevillea 'Crimson Yul-lo' Inflorescences

Grevillea Crimson Yul-lo inflorescences have cut flower potential, but their vase life is short. End of vase life is characterised by early wilting. The possibility of physiologically mediated stem end blockage was investigated. Hydraulic conductance of 2 cm long stem end segments declined rapidly and remained lower throughout vase life than that of 2 cm long stem segments from immediately above. Re-cutting daily to remove basal 2 cm stem ends increased solution uptake, delayed declines in inflorescence water potential and water content, and improved inflorescence vase life. S-Carvone is a potential inhibitor of wound related suberin formation, via inhibition of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and vase solution treatments with S-carvone (0.318 and 0.636 mM) delayed the decline in hydraulic conductance of basal 2 cm long stem end segments and decreases in vase solution uptake and relative fresh weight of cut stems, and extended vase life. Treatments with the catechol oxidase inhibitor 4-hexylresorcinol (2.5-10 mM) also delayed stem end blockage. These findings suggest that stem end blockage in cut G. Crimson Yul-lo stems is physiologically mediated