Lawyers’ Work in the Menendez Brothers Murder Trial

This research addresses the interactional work by which lawyers interrogate witnesses at trial. In particular, the study examines some videotaped segments of interrogation interchange in the first Menendez brothers\u27 murder trial and analyzes lawyer\u27s work in attempting the impeachment of an adverse witness. The paper finds a lived orderliness of the courtroom that resides in the locally organized material detail of real-time interrogation interchange and practices

Engaging and sustaining people with intellectual disabilities in physical activity: a narrative review of existing evidence

Background: People with intellectual disabilities (ID) experience many health and social inequalities. Increasing physical activity is a proven intervention to address such inequalities, yet the physical activity rates of this population are substantially lower than the general population. Aim: Research has been growing to understand why this is and how to intervene to increase the physical activity levels of people with ID. Method: Using a behavioural epidemiological framework, the research in this area from barriers and facilitators of physical activity to translational research testing interventions within natural settings is reviewed. Findings from a total of 14 reviews and eight empirical studies and protocols were included. Results: Whilst there are multiple investigations into what promotes or enhances physical activity for people with ID, findings from intervention studies show few successful outcomes. Gaps within the existing research are identified and recommendations about how intervention efficacy might be improved are provided to inform future research and practice. Conclusion: Findings from previous research on barriers and facilitators can be further capitalised on and intervention studies should be underpinned by better links to theory and more systemic approaches

Laying Hen Manure Characteristics and Air Emissions as Affected by Genetic Strains

Physical and chemical properties of manure (e.g., moisture content, nitrogen content, and pH) can have significant impacts on ammonia (NH3) volatilization and thus air emissions. Different varieties of commercial laying hens have different production traits (e.g., feed consumption, water consumption, and egg production) and therefore have different manure characteristics. For instance, Hy-Line W-98 hens come into production at a younger age and lay larger eggs compared to Hy-Line W-36 hens. Similarly, brown variety hens have a larger body size and, therefore, a greater feed consumption compared to white variety hens. Studies also suggest that higher feed consumption can increase moisture content of the manure, which may increase nutrient loss (Smith et al., 2000) and ammonia emissions. Studies have further demonstrated that laying-hen genetics influences nutrient requirements (Krautmann, 1971; Christmas and Harms, 1978; North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service) and manure content due to different kidney structures (Wideman and Nissley, 1992)

UL Inclusion, Diversity, Equity, and Accessibility Framework

This framework is meant to provide a shared understanding of the University Libraries’ commitment and approaches toward Inclusion, Diversity, Equity, and Accessibility (IDEA). The framework is intended to ground us in theory as we move toward action, to guide us as we make decisions about IDEA-related initiatives, and to prioritize our IDEA commitment in all that we do. The framework allows us to leverage systems thinking as well as to connect library efforts to the University’s goals, values, and frameworks for IDEA. While the framework does not provide action steps, it is meant to provide ways for all library colleagues to connect themselves and their work with the Libraries’ IDEA efforts. The framework includes working definitions, design principles for IDEA efforts, an equity lens, and a selected organizational assessment tool

Grand Valley State University Libraries Journey to IDEA 2.0: Moving from Education to Action Toolkit

An annotated bibliography of resources to explore and advance inclusion, equity, diversity, accessibility work (IDEA). Includes background documents related to IDEA work at Grand Valley State University (GVSU) and Grand Valley State University Libraries, as well as toolkits and frameworks external to GVSU

Effects of Dietary Modification on Laying Hens in High-Rise Houses: Part I – Emissions of Ammonia, Hydrogen Sulfide and Carbon Dioxide

Dietary manipulation can substantially lower ammonia (NH3) emissions from laying-hen houses or manure storage. Recent lab studies showed a reduction of 40–60% in ammonia emissions for an experimental (EcoCalTM) diet as compared the standard or control diet. However, adoption of a mitigation technology at commercial production level should be preceded by substantial field verification tests to document not only NH3 emission reduction, but also impact of the strategy on production performance of the hens and cash returns. A study to assess the effects of feeding diets containing EcoCal on NH3, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, laying-hen production performance, and economic returns was conducted at a commercial laying-hen farm in central Iowa. Two houses (256,000 or 262,000 hens per house) were used for the study. Hens in one house were fed the EcoCal diet while hens in the other house were fed a standard or control diet containing no EcoCal. A state-of-the-art mobile air emissions monitoring unit (MAEMU) and the associated sampling system were used to continuously monitor the gaseous concentrations, ventilation rate and environmental conditions. Comparative data collected from December 2006 to May 2007 are presented in this paper. Data from this period showed that the EcoCal diet led to NH3 emission reduction by up to 23.2% (0.86±0.04 and 1.12±0.03 g/d·hen for EcoCal and Control diet, respectively), at the same time, H2S emission increased by up to 134% (4.38±0.20 and 1.82±0.07 mg/d·hen for EcoCal and Control diet, respectively), although the magnitude of H2S emission is rather small for both dietary regimens. Data on the hen production performance are reported in a companion paper (Roberts et al., 2008)

Effects of Dietary Modification on Laying Hens in High-Rise Houses: Part II—Hen Production Performance

Dietary manipulation can substantially lower ammonia emissions from laying-hen manure. However, such dietary changes would be of little value if the changes cause inferior egg production and hen performance. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a diet containing EcoCal TM (gypsum and zeolite, at 3.5% inclusion rate), which has been shown to lower ammonia emission in laboratory-scale testing, on hen production performance as well as on gaseous emissions, in commercial high-rise laying-hen houses in Iowa. A companion paper (A.S. Leaflet R2450) describes the effect of the EcoCal diet on ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Comparative data were collected from December 2006 to May 2007. The period was broken into 2-wk increments for data analyses. There were differences between the control and EcoCal regimens for some 2-wk periods but no responses were consistently different between the two treatments during the 16-week time interval evaluated. A new phase of the study is ongoing for 2 additional years and subsequent analyses will help determine if hen production performance differences exist between the dietary regimens

Effects of Dietary Modification on Laying Hens in High-rise Houses: Part I—Ammonia, Hydrogen Sulfide and Carbon Dioxide Emissions

Dietary manipulation can substantially lower ammonia (NH3) emissions from laying-hen houses or manure storage. Recent lab studies showed a NH3 emission reduction of 40– 60% for an experimental (EcoCal TM ) diet as compared to the standard or control diet. The study reported here was a field verification test about the effects of EcoCal diet on NH3, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, hen production performance, and the economic returns for a commercial high-rise layer operation in Iowa. Comparative data were collected during December 2006 to May 2007. The results showed that the EcoCal diet led to NH3 emission reduction by up to 23.2% (0.86±0.04 vs. 1.12±0.03 g NH3 d -1 hen -1 for EcoCal vs. Control diet, respectively) while H2S emission increased by up to 134% (4.38±0.20 vs. 1.82±0.07 mg d -1 hen -1 for EcoCal vs. Control, respectively). However, H2S emissions were small for both dietary regimens

Dynamic telomerase gene suppression via network effects of GSK3 inhibition

<b>Background</b>: Telomerase controls telomere homeostasis and cell immortality and is a promising anti-cancer target, but few small molecule telomerase inhibitors have been developed. Reactivated transcription of the catalytic subunit hTERT in cancer cells controls telomerase expression. Better understanding of upstream pathways is critical for effective anti-telomerase therapeutics and may reveal new targets to inhibit hTERT expression. <b>Methodology/Principal Findings</b>: In a focused promoter screen, several GSK3 inhibitors suppressed hTERT reporter activity. GSK3 inhibition using 6-bromoindirubin-3′-oxime suppressed hTERT expression, telomerase activity and telomere length in several cancer cell lines and growth and hTERT expression in ovarian cancer xenografts. Microarray analysis, network modelling and oligonucleotide binding assays suggested that multiple transcription factors were affected. Extensive remodelling involving Sp1, STAT3, c-Myc, NFκB, and p53 occurred at the endogenous hTERT promoter. RNAi screening of the hTERT promoter revealed multiple kinase genes which affect the hTERT promoter, potentially acting through these factors. Prolonged inhibitor treatments caused dynamic expression both of hTERT and of c-Jun, p53, STAT3, AR and c-Myc. <b>Conclusions/Significance</b>: Our results indicate that GSK3 activates hTERT expression in cancer cells and contributes to telomere length homeostasis. GSK3 inhibition is a clinical strategy for several chronic diseases. These results imply that it may also be useful in cancer therapy. However, the complex network effects we show here have implications for either setting

Relaxation of Wobbling Asteroids and Comets. Theoretical Problems. Perspectives of Experimental Observation

A body dissipates energy when it freely rotates about any axis different from principal. This entails relaxation, i.e., decrease of the rotational energy, with the angular momentum preserved. The spin about the major-inertia axis corresponds to the minimal kinetic energy, for a fixed angular momentum. Thence one may expect comets and asteroids (as well as spacecraft or cosmic-dust granules) stay in this, so-called principal, state of rotation, unless they are forced out of this state by a collision, or a tidal interaction, or cometary jetting, or by whatever other reason. As is well known, comet P/Halley, asteroid 4179 Toutatis, and some other small bodies exhibit very complex rotational motions attributed to these objects being in non-principal states of spin. Most probably, the asteroid and cometary wobble is quite a generic phenomenon. The theory of wobble with internal dissipation has not been fully developed as yet. In this article we demonstrate that in some spin states the effectiveness of the inelastic-dissipation process is several orders of magnitude higher than believed previously, and can be measured, by the presently available observational instruments, within approximately a year span. We also show that in some other spin states both the precession and precession-relaxation processes slow down considerably. (We call it near-separatrix lingering effect.) Such spin states may evolve so slowly that they can mimic the principal-rotation state.Comment: 2 figure