A ten-year follow-up survey of graduates and dropouts of Van Buren Boys' High.

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston Universit

System, Device, and Method for Determination of Intraocular Pressure

A system for determination of intraocular pressure includes: an intraocular pressure sensor; a light source illuminating the sensor with one or more wavelengths of light; and a detector that measures emitted light from the sensor. The sensor includes a substrate member, a spacer member, and a flexible membrane, which define a sealed cavity. The flexible membrane moves in response to intraocular pressure changes. A device for measuring intraocular pressure includes: the sensor; an anchoring member attached to the sensor for immobilizing the sensor in an eye; and a protective member attached to the anchoring member and covering the sensor to prevent contact between the flexible membrane and the eye. A method for determination of intraocular pressure includes: placing the sensor in an eye; illuminating, with a light source, the sensor with one or more wavelengths of light; and detecting, with a detector, a resultant light that contains information about intraocular pressure

Intraperitoneally Placed Foley Catheter via Verumontanum Initially Presenting as a Bladder Rupture

Since urethral Foley catheterization is usually easy and safe, serious complications related to this procedure have been rarely reported. Herein, we describe a case of intraperitoneally placed urethral catheter via verumontanum presenting as intraperitoneal bladder perforation in a chronically debilitated elderly patient. A 82-yr-old male patient was admitted with symptoms of hematuria, lower abdominal pain after traumatic Foley catheterization. The retrograde cystography showed findings of intraperitoneal bladder perforation, but emergency laparotomy with intraoperative urethrocystoscopy revealed a tunnel-like false passage extending from the verumontanum into the rectovesical pouch between the posterior wall of the bladder and the anterior wall of the rectum with no bladder injury. The patient was treated with simple closure of the perforated rectovesical pouch and a placement of suprapubic cystostomy tube

Estrategias metodológicas para el diseño, planificación y evaluación de proyectos interdisciplinarios en la educación básica elemental

The development of interdisciplinary projects in basic elementary education constitutes a decisive factor in the comprehensive training of students, in the face of a challenging world that poses complex problems that cannot be addressed from the knowledge of an isolated discipline, but requires the exercise of interdisciplinary practices. The objective of this study was to propose methodological strategies focused on the design, planning and evaluation of interdisciplinary projects in basic elementary education. The sample consisted of 5 teachers and their groups of second-year basic students from an urban school in the city of Milagro. Research methods and techniques were used that included interviews with teachers, surveys of students, review of school documents, curricula, methodological guides, as well as the validation of the proposal by a panel of experts in interdisciplinary projects, active teaching-learning methodologies and Collaborative learning. The results revealed the existence of significant challenges in the design and execution of interdisciplinary projects in basic elementary education, including the difficulty in achieving authentic integration of areas in the conception of such projects. The methodological strategies incorporated principles of constructivism, active methodologies, collaborative learning and development of cognitive skills. The expert evaluation highlighted the relevance of the proposal and the suitability of the methodological guidelines. This study sheds light on the importance of offering methodological guidelines to teachers for the design and implementation of interdisciplinary projects in basic elementary education and offers a comprehensive strategy supported by theoretical categories such as constructivism, complex thinking and active methodologies, to improve the implementation of interdisciplinary projects at the basic elementary sublevel.El desarrollo de proyectos interdisciplinarios en la educación básica elemental constituye un factor decisivo en la formación integral de los estudiantes, en un mundo desafiante que plantea problemas complejos que no pueden ser abordados desde los saberes de una disciplina aislada, sino que requiere del ejercicio de prácticas interdisciplinarias. Es por ello que, se propone como objetivo plantear estrategias metodológicas enfocadas en el diseño, planificación y evaluación de proyectos interdisciplinarios en la educación básica elemental. La muestra consistió en 5 docentes y sus grupos de estudiantes de segundo año básico, de una escuela urbana de la ciudad de Milagro. Se emplearon métodos y técnicas de investigación que incluyeron entrevistas a docentes, encuestas a estudiantes, revisión de documentos escolares, currículos, guías metodológicas, así como la validación de la propuesta por un panel de expertos en proyectos interdisciplinarios, metodologías activas de enseñanza-aprendizaje y aprendizaje colaborativo. Los resultados revelaron la existencia de desafíos significativos en el diseño y ejecución de proyectos interdisciplinarios en la educación básica elemental, incluyendo la dificultad para lograr una auténtica integración. Las estrategias metodológicas incorporaron principios del constructivismo, metodologías activas, aprendizaje colaborativo y desarrollo de habilidades cognitivas. La evaluación de expertos resaltó la relevancia de la propuesta y la idoneidad de las orientaciones metodológicas. Este estudio arroja luz sobre la importancia de ofrecer orientaciones metodológicas a los docentes, para el diseño e implementación de proyectos interdisciplinarios en la educación básica elemental y ofrece una estrategia integral, para mejorar la implementación de proyectos interdisciplinarios en el subnivel de básica elemental

Informal support to first-parents after childbirth: a qualitative study in low-income suburbs of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In Tanzania, and many sub-Saharan African countries, postpartum health programs have received less attention compared to other maternity care programs and therefore new parents rely on informal support. Knowledge on how informal support is understood by its stakeholders to be able to improve the health in families after childbirth is required. This study aimed to explore discourses on health related informal support to first-time parents after childbirth in low-income suburbs of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Thirteen focus group discussions with first-time parents and female and male informal supporters were analysed by discourse analysis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The dominant discourse was that after childbirth a first time mother needed and should be provided with support for care of the infant, herself and the household work by the maternal or paternal mother or other close and extended family members. In their absence, neighbours and friends were described as reconstructing informal support. Informal support was provided conditionally, where poor socio-economic status and non-adherence to social norms risked poor support. Support to new fathers was constructed as less prominent, provided mainly by older men and focused on economy and sexual matters. The discourse conveyed stereotypic gender roles with women described as family caretakers and men as final decision-makers and financial providers. The informal supporters regulated the first-time parents' contacts with other sources of support.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Strong and authoritative informal support networks appear to persist. However, poverty and non-adherence to social norms was understood as resulting in less support. Family health in this context would be improved by capitalising on existing informal support networks while discouraging norms promoting harmful practices and attending to the poorest. Upholding stereotypic notions of femininity and masculinity implies great burden of care for the women and delimited male involvement. Men's involvement in reproductive and child health programmes has the potential for improving family health after childbirth. The discourses conveyed contradicting messages that may be a source of worry and confusion for the new parents. Recognition, respect and raising awareness for different social actors' competencies and limitations can potentially create a health-promoting environment among families after childbirth.</p

Audit fees and book-tax differences

We investigate whether book-tax differences are associated with higher audit fees, a proxy for auditor risk assessments and auditor effort. Our evidence suggests that there is a significantly positive relation. Further, this association is larger for firms that appear to have managed earnings (i.e., have high accruals) relative to those that are tax avoiders (i.e., have low cash effective tax rates). Our evidence is consistent with large book-tax differences representing an observable proxy for earnings management that is associated with auditor decisions. Our study contributes to capital market research that examines audit fees, as well as other research that examines the usefulness of book-tax differences for market participants.Ernst & Young (Faculty Fellowship in Accounting

Dental therapy before and after radiotherapy–an evaluation on patients with head and neck malignancies

The present investigation evaluates the dental care situation of patients with head and neck cancer before and after radiotherapy. The situations of these patients in 1993 and 2005 were compared to detect similarities, differences and developments. In the years 1993 and 2005, 37 and 36 patients, respectively, with head and neck cancer treated by the local departments of otorhinolaryngology and of radiotherapy were examined consecutively according to their aftercare appointments. Time points of radiotherapy treatment of the patients evaluated in 1993 varied from 1984 to 1993. The patients evaluated in 2005 had received radiotherapy between 1998 and 2005. Therefore the applied radiotherapeutic regimen differed not only between the two groups of patients, but also within each group. The information for these investigations was provided anonymously. It was evaluated with descriptive statistics. The evaluation of the data shows distinct differences with respect to preventive and therapeutic dental care measures. In 2005, 35 out of 36 patients (97.2%) had a dental consultation before radiotherapy (1993, 65%). All 27 dentate patients (100%) obtained a splint for fluoride application (1993, none). 29% fewer edentulous patients were seen than in 1993. The number of teeth destroyed decreased from 19.2% (1993) to 7.8% in 2005. Mycoses due to Candida spp. and chronic failures in wound healing were rare (5.5%). In the course of the 12 years, prophylactic measures, such as the application of splints for fluoride treatment, were intensified. However, concepts for the dental care of patients undergoing radiotherapy, especially following the radiation, should be widened to avoid ruined teeth and long delayed wound healings

3D genomics across the tree of life reveals condensin II as a determinant of architecture type

We investigated genome folding across the eukaryotic tree of life. We find two types of three-dimensional(3D) genome architectures at the chromosome scale. Each type appears and disappears repeatedlyduring eukaryotic evolution. The type of genome architecture that an organism exhibits correlates with theabsence of condensin II subunits. Moreover, condensin II depletion converts the architecture of thehuman genome to a state resembling that seen in organisms such as fungi or mosquitoes. In this state,centromeres cluster together at nucleoli, and heterochromatin domains merge. We propose a physicalmodel in which lengthwise compaction of chromosomes by condensin II during mitosis determineschromosome-scale genome architecture, with effects that are retained during the subsequent interphase.This mechanism likely has been conserved since the last common ancestor of all eukaryotes.C.H. is supported by the Boehringer Ingelheim Fonds; C.H., Á.S.C., and B.D.R. are supported by an ERC CoG (772471, “CohesinLooping”); A.M.O.E. and B.D.R. are supported by the Dutch Research Council (NWO-Echo); and J.A.R. and R.H.M. are supported by the Dutch Cancer Society (KWF). T.v.S. and B.v.S. are supported by NIH Common Fund “4D Nucleome” Program grant U54DK107965. H.T. and E.d.W. are supported by an ERC StG (637597, “HAP-PHEN”). J.A.R., T.v.S., H.T., R.H.M., B.v.S., and E.d.W. are part of the Oncode Institute, which is partly financed by the Dutch Cancer Society. Work at the Center for Theoretical Biological Physics is sponsored by the NSF (grants PHY-2019745 and CHE-1614101) and by the Welch Foundation (grant C-1792). V.G.C. is funded by FAPESP (São Paulo State Research Foundation and Higher Education Personnel) grants 2016/13998-8 and 2017/09662-7. J.N.O. is a CPRIT Scholar in Cancer Research. E.L.A. was supported by an NSF Physics Frontiers Center Award (PHY-2019745), the Welch Foundation (Q-1866), a USDA Agriculture and Food Research Initiative grant (2017-05741), the Behavioral Plasticity Research Institute (NSF DBI-2021795), and an NIH Encyclopedia of DNA Elements Mapping Center Award (UM1HG009375). Hi-C data for the 24 species were created by the DNA Zoo Consortium (www.dnazoo.org). DNA Zoo is supported by Illumina, Inc.; IBM; and the Pawsey Supercomputing Center. P.K. is supported by the University of Western Australia. L.L.M. was supported by NIH (1R01NS114491) and NSF awards (1557923, 1548121, and 1645219) and the Human Frontiers Science Program (RGP0060/2017). The draft A. californica project was supported by NHGRI. J.L.G.-S. received funding from the ERC (grant agreement no. 740041), the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (grant no. BFU2016-74961-P), and the institutional grant Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu (MDM-2016-0687). R.D.K. is supported by NIH grant RO1DK121366. V.H. is supported by NIH grant NIH1P41HD071837. K.M. is supported by a MEXT grant (20H05936). M.C.W. is supported by the NIH grants R01AG045183, R01AT009050, R01AG062257, and DP1DK113644 and by the Welch Foundation. E.F. was supported by NHGR