61 research outputs found
Benoßt Dubreuil, Christian Nadeau, Elster. Passions, raisons et délibération
Le livre Elster. Passions, raisons et dĂ©libĂ©ration de BenoĂźt Dubreuil et Christian Nadeau est une synthĂšse des travaux de Jon Elster qui, dĂšs les annĂ©es 1970, ont contribuĂ© de façon capitale aux sciences sociales et Ă leur analyse. Cet ouvrage est bienvenu car il nâexiste pas Ă notre connaissance de texte offrant une telle perspective synthĂ©tique. Lâeffort entrepris par Dubreuil et Nadeau est dâautant plus apprĂ©ciable que lâĆuvre dâElster est foisonnante. Depuis 1975, date de la parution de L..
Benoßt Dubreuil, Christian Nadeau, Elster. Passions, raisons et délibération
Le livre Elster. Passions, raisons et dĂ©libĂ©ration de BenoĂźt Dubreuil et Christian Nadeau est une synthĂšse des travaux de Jon Elster qui, dĂšs les annĂ©es 1970, ont contribuĂ© de façon capitale aux sciences sociales et Ă leur analyse. Cet ouvrage est bienvenu car il nâexiste pas Ă notre connaissance de texte offrant une telle perspective synthĂ©tique. Lâeffort entrepris par Dubreuil et Nadeau est dâautant plus apprĂ©ciable que lâĆuvre dâElster est foisonnante. Depuis 1975, date de la parution de L..
How Institutions Doubt:Reforming the legislative procedure of the European Union
This contribution endeavors to explain several dysfunctions in the European Unionâs legislative procedure: the drop in the number of legislative decisions, the high degree of consensus in the European Parliament, the opacity of the Council of Ministers, the generalisation of premature agreements in co-decision, and the granting of symbolic rights to national parliaments. These phenomena are interpreted as symptoms of the crisis of confidence afflicting different European institutionsâ ability to govern effectively and legitimately. To confront this existential doubt, we conclude by suggesting several mechanisms aimed at a better public awareness of intra- and inter-institutional conflicts
Avoiding Conflict: The EU Legislative Process in Times of Tension
The current crisis could lead us to expect an overall increase of conflicts in the EU legislative process and eventually a shift from a consensual system to a majoritarian system. This paper aims to assess the evolution of the EU legislative process for the period 1996-2014 and shows that legislative actors still comply with the norm of consensus. We provide explanations for this resilience and analyse its effects. The paper demonstrates that in a context of greater divisions between EU actors, the systematic search for compromise and consensus contributes to modify the legislative regime in the sense of a greater Malthusianism and instability.En raison du contexte de crise, on pourrait sâattendre Ă ce que le processus lĂ©gislatif europĂ©en soit devenu plus conflictuel et Ă ce que la norme du consensus soit dĂ©laissĂ©e au profit dâun systĂšme majoritaire. Ce cahier tente dâĂ©valuer lâĂ©volution du processus lĂ©gislatif europĂ©en pour la pĂ©riode 1996-2014 et montre que les acteurs lĂ©gislatifs suivent encore la norme du consensus. Il tente dâexpliquer cette rĂ©silience et dâanalyser ses effets et montre quâalors que les tensions entre les acteurs europĂ©ens se sont accrues, la recherche systĂ©matique du compromis et du consensus contribue Ă modifier le rĂ©gime lĂ©gislatif en le rendant plus malthusien et instable
Identification of genetic variants associated with Huntington's disease progression: a genome-wide association study
Background Huntington's disease is caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene, HTT. Age at onset has been used as a quantitative phenotype in genetic analysis looking for Huntington's disease modifiers, but is hard to define and not always available. Therefore, we aimed to generate a novel measure of disease progression and to identify genetic markers associated with this progression measure. Methods We generated a progression score on the basis of principal component analysis of prospectively acquired longitudinal changes in motor, cognitive, and imaging measures in the 218 indivduals in the TRACK-HD cohort of Huntington's disease gene mutation carriers (data collected 2008â11). We generated a parallel progression score using data from 1773 previously genotyped participants from the European Huntington's Disease Network REGISTRY study of Huntington's disease mutation carriers (data collected 2003â13). We did a genome-wide association analyses in terms of progression for 216 TRACK-HD participants and 1773 REGISTRY participants, then a meta-analysis of these results was undertaken. Findings Longitudinal motor, cognitive, and imaging scores were correlated with each other in TRACK-HD participants, justifying use of a single, cross-domain measure of disease progression in both studies. The TRACK-HD and REGISTRY progression measures were correlated with each other (r=0·674), and with age at onset (TRACK-HD, r=0·315; REGISTRY, r=0·234). The meta-analysis of progression in TRACK-HD and REGISTRY gave a genome-wide significant signal (p=1·12 Ă 10â10) on chromosome 5 spanning three genes: MSH3, DHFR, and MTRNR2L2. The genes in this locus were associated with progression in TRACK-HD (MSH3 p=2·94 Ă 10â8 DHFR p=8·37 Ă 10â7 MTRNR2L2 p=2·15 Ă 10â9) and to a lesser extent in REGISTRY (MSH3 p=9·36 Ă 10â4 DHFR p=8·45 Ă 10â4 MTRNR2L2 p=1·20 Ă 10â3). The lead single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in TRACK-HD (rs557874766) was genome-wide significant in the meta-analysis (p=1·58 Ă 10â8), and encodes an aminoacid change (Pro67Ala) in MSH3. In TRACK-HD, each copy of the minor allele at this SNP was associated with a 0·4 units per year (95% CI 0·16â0·66) reduction in the rate of change of the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) Total Motor Score, and a reduction of 0·12 units per year (95% CI 0·06â0·18) in the rate of change of UHDRS Total Functional Capacity score. These associations remained significant after adjusting for age of onset. Interpretation The multidomain progression measure in TRACK-HD was associated with a functional variant that was genome-wide significant in our meta-analysis. The association in only 216 participants implies that the progression measure is a sensitive reflection of disease burden, that the effect size at this locus is large, or both. Knockout of Msh3 reduces somatic expansion in Huntington's disease mouse models, suggesting this mechanism as an area for future therapeutic investigation
Le pouvoir constituant et lâEurope
LâoriginalitĂ© de ce colloque tenait Ă la volontĂ© de confronter la thĂ©orie du pouvoir constituant Ă la question de la ratification de la « Constitution » europĂ©enne puis du traitĂ© de Lisbonne par les Ătats membres de lâUnion europĂ©enne. La thĂ©orie du pouvoir constituant a Ă©tĂ© forgĂ©e par SiĂ©yĂšs au xviiie siĂšcle et a permis de penser la limitation des pouvoirs constituĂ©s. Elle a jouĂ© un rĂŽle prĂ©pondĂ©rant dans la maniĂšre dont la pensĂ©e juridique française a interprĂ©tĂ© les principes du constituti..
« La transparence nâa rien changĂ©Â ! » NĂ©gociations et mise en Ćuvre de la transparence au Conseil de lâUnion europĂ©enne
When the Council of the European Union acts as a legislator, it has to comply with several regulations that aim to increase public information on legislative activity. This article attempts to explain how actors have implemented âtransparencyâ rules and to what extent the latter have increased the democratic accountability of the national representatives. Empirical research reveals that the actors' practices are decoupled from transparency rules. Furthermore, the legislative actors exploit transparency rules strategically. The neo-institutionalist concepts of organized hypocrisy and rule conversion allow us to explain these unintended effects of transparency rules.LâactivitĂ© lĂ©gislative du Conseil de lâUnion europĂ©enne est encadrĂ©e par des normes ayant pour but dâaccroĂźtre lâinformation publique Ă son sujet. Cet article tente dâexpliquer comment les acteurs ont appliquĂ© ces rĂšgles de « transparence » et dans quelle mesure celles-ci ont renforcĂ© la responsabilitĂ© dĂ©mocratique des reprĂ©sentants nationaux. LâenquĂȘte empirique rĂ©vĂšle que les acteurs ont dĂ©veloppĂ© des pratiques dĂ©couplĂ©es des normes de transparence. En outre, ils utilisent ces rĂšgles de maniĂšre stratĂ©gique en les dĂ©tournant de leur but originel. On explique ces consĂ©quences Ă la lumiĂšre du nĂ©o-institutionnalisme, en mobilisant les concepts dâhypocrisie organisĂ©e et de conversion des rĂšgles
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