Radiogenic heat production of Late Archaean Bundelkhand granite and some Proterozoic gneisses and granitoids of Central India

Abundances of heat-producing elements, K, U and Th, in some of the granites and gneisses of the Bundelkhand and Bastar terrains have been estimated by in situ gamma-ray spectrometry. The Bundelkhand granite is an I-type, calc-alkaline granite complex made up of porphyritic, coarse-to-medium grained and fine-grained granites. It carries macro enclaves of ~ 3.5 Ga-old tonalitic gneisses. These gneisses have a low heat production of 1.4 μWm-3. The mean heat production of the dominant porphyritic and mediumto- coarse grained Bundelkhand granite is 5.5 μWm-3. The heat production of the Proterozoic Jabalpur granite intruding the Mahakhosal greenstone belt is 3.4 μWm-3. The Tirodi gneisses resulting from migmatization of psammopelites of the Sausar Group, are characterized by a mean heat production of 3.8 μWm-3. The cataclastic biotite gneisses of the Tattapani geothermal area are the highest heat-producing rocks encountered in the Bundelkhand terrain with a mean heat production of 7.4 μWm-3. The tonalitic Amgaon gneisses of the Bastar terrain are characterized by a heat production of 0.7 μWm-3, which is about half of the mean heat production of the tonalitic gneisses occurring as inclusions in the Bundelkhand granite. Mean heat production of the Proterozoic Amgaon and Dongargarh granites are 2.5 and 2.9 μWm-3, respectively. Preliminary heat production data presented here show that the gneisses and granitoids of the Bundelkhand and Bastar terrains may have distinct heat production ranges, with the rocks of the Bundelkhand terrain being more heat-producing

Pseudopolymorphs of 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid

Seven pseudopolymorphs of 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid are studied. Four of these (A-D) are obtained from dioxane and their formation is rationalised on the basis of simultaneous O-H … O and C-H … O bond formation between the donor-rich solute molecule and the multiple-acceptor solvent. A fifth (E) is a previously reported centrosymmetric hydrate. The sixth and seventh (F and G) are a non-centrosymmetric hydrate and a tert-butyl alcoholate whose structures are related to that of form E, in that hydrogen bonds are both donated and accepted between solute and solvent. The formation of this rich diversity of pseudopolymorphs with hydrogen bonding solvents follows from the nature of the title acid while the similarities between the structures of the pseudopolymorphs may be accounted for in terms of a permutation of a small number of solute-solvent supramolecular synthons. All this indicates that this interesting phenomenon may be both anticipated and also studied systematically. The scope of the term pseudopolymorph has been extended a little, in the expectation that such a definition would be of more general utility

Anti-Urolithiatic Activity of Melia Azedarach Linn Leaf Extract in Ethylene Glycol-Induced Urolithiasis in Male Albino Rats

Purpose: To investigate the anti-urolithiatic activity of the aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Melia azedarach Linn leaves in calcium oxalate urolithiasis in male albino rats.Methods: The effect of oral administration of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Melia azedarach Linn leaves on calcium oxalate urolithiasis has been investigated. Lithiasis was induced by oral adminstration of ethylene glycol (0.75 %v/v) in male albino rats for 28 days. Each of the extract (250 mg/kg) was administered orally day 0 as a prophylactic regimen and from day 15 as a curative regimen. Regular administration of ethylene glycol caused hyperoxaluria in ethylene glycol-fed animals, leading to increased renal retention and excretion of oxalate, calcium and phosphate. Histopathological study, urine microscopy, serum analysis and biochemical analysis of kidney homogenate were performed.Results: Oxalate and calcium excretion in urine increased (p < 0.01) to 3.68 ± 0.01 and 4.5 ± 0.01 mg/24 h, respectively, in lithiatic control animals compared to (0.37 ± 0.01 and 1.27 ± 0.12 mg/24 h) for the normal control group. Treatment with aqueous or ethanol extract (250 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly (p <0.01) reduced the elevated levels of calcium, oxalate and phosphate excretion in urine to 0.79 ± 0.01 and 1.09 ± 0.04 mg/24 h, respectively. Following treatment with the ethanol extract (250mg/kg), serum creatinine excretion was restored from 0.95 ± 0.01 mg/24 h to the normal level of 0.87 ± 0.01 mg/24 h. The results were comparable to those of the standard drug, allopurinol (50 mg/kg p.o.).Histopathological data for the kidney supported the foregoing results.Conclusions: The results demonstrate that the aqueous and ethanol extracts of Melia azedarach Linn leaves have potent antiurolithiatic activity against ethylene glycol-induced calcium oxalate urolithiasis in male albino rats.Keywords: Melia azedarach, Antiurolithiatic, Ethylene glycol, Urolithiasis, Excretion, Kidne

Synchronization transition in coupled time-delay electronic circuits with a threshthreshold non-linearity

Experimental observations of typical kinds of synchronization transitions are reported in unidirectionally coupled time-delay electronic circuits with a threshold nonlinearity and two time delays, namely feedback delay T1 and coupling delay T2. We have observed transitions from anticipatory to lag via complete synchronization and their inverse counterparts with excitatory and inhibitory couplings, respectively, as a function of the coupling delay T2. The anticipating and lag times depend on the difference between the feedback and the coupling delays. A single stability condition for all the different types of synchronization is found to be valid as the stability condition is independent of both the delays. Further, the existence of different kinds of synchronizations observed experimentally is corroborated by numerical simulations and from the changes in the Lyapunov exponents of the coupled time-delay systems

Recent Advances in Infrared Nonlinear Optical Crystal

The search and growth of nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals in the infrared (IR) area are significant and of high importance in the fields of NLO, signal communication, solid-state chemistry, and laser frequency conversion. Infrared NLO crystals have a wide IR transparent range, high laser damage threshold (LDT) value, and large NLO coefficients. This chapter presents the recent advances in IR-NLO crystals and especially emphasizes their crystal growth method, crystal structures, band gap value, LDT, and NLO properties. Based on its structural variety, it is categorized into chalcogenides, chalcohalides, oxides, halides, and oxyhalides. This chapter describes several kinds of IR-NLO crystals and their structural, band gap value, thermal, optical, LDT, and NLO properties and also describes the significance of these crystals in laser frequency conversion, optical parameter oscillator, and other optical applications

Acute myocardial infarction in an 18 year old South Indian girl with familial hypercholesterolemia: a case report

Familial hypercholesterolemia is a single gene disorder with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. Here we report an 18 year old South Indian girl who presented with myocardial infarction. She had xanthomas and an elevated serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Her mother and maternal uncle had died at a young age due to myocardial infarction. Her only sibling, 15 year old younger sister also had xanthomas and an elevated LDL-C. This report is to emphasise the need to clinically recognize xanthomas and its association with elevated LDL-C, premature atherosclerosis and familial inheritance. Early diagnosis and early initiation of treatment will save the affected individual and the other family members

INVESTIGATION ON ANTIDIARRHOEAL ACTIVITY OF ARISTOLOCHIA INDICA LINN. ROOT EXTRACTS IN MICE

Background: The present study aimed at investigating the effect of ethanolic extract (EtAI), and aqueous extract (AqAI) of Aristolochia indica Linn roots on castor oil-induced diarrhoea and study on small intestinal transit. Phytochemical analysis of extracts was performed as per standard procedure. Materials and Methods: The oral toxicity study using Swiss albino mice was performed in accordance with OECD guidelines. The EtAI and AqAI extracts of Aristolochia indica Linn were studied for antidiarrhoeal property using castor oil-induced diarrhoeal model and charcoal-induced gastrointestinal motility test in Swiss albino mice. Results: Among the tested doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight, the extracts reduced the frequency and severity of diarrhoea in test animals throughout the study period. At the same doses, the extract delayed the intestinal transit of charcoal meal in test animals as compared to the control and the results were statistically significant. Conclusion: Experimental findings showed that ethanol extract of Aristolochia indica Linn root possess significant antidiarrheal activity and may be a potent source of anti-diarrhoeal drug in future

An efficient ensemble VTOPES multi-criteria decision-making model for sustainable sugarcane farms

© 2019 by the authors. The role of Information Technology based decision models for sustainable agriculture has gained immense prominence in recent years. Ranking of agriculture farms based on their yield plays a vital role in sustainable agriculture. In this work, an ensemble decision-making model, namely VIKOR (Vlsekriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje), TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution), entropy, and standard deviation (VTOPES), is proposed for ranking the sustainable sugarcane farms. VTOPES system model comprises of four significant steps: (i) determination of significance scores of the sub-parameters, (ii) transformation of sub-parameter sequences into main parameter values, (iii) computation of significant scores of main parameters, and (iv) generation of assessment values and deploying it for ranking the sugarcane farms. The ranking results of the proposed VTOPES model are compared with the ranking patterns obtained from five years average yield data acquired from the selected sugarcane farms. Moreover, the outcomes of the VTOPES model are also compared with other prevalent methods. Subsequently, Spearman's rank correlation method is applied for evaluating the impact of correlation of VTOPES ranks in comparison with the average yield ranks. Thus, it can be noticed that the empirical results of the VTOPES model provide reliable and sustainable results. Therefore, it suffices to be a sustainable decision model for any problem where multiple parameters are involved

Effects of antiplatelet therapy on stroke risk by brain imaging features of intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral small vessel diseases: subgroup analyses of the RESTART randomised, open-label trial

Background Findings from the RESTART trial suggest that starting antiplatelet therapy might reduce the risk of recurrent symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage compared with avoiding antiplatelet therapy. Brain imaging features of intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral small vessel diseases (such as cerebral microbleeds) are associated with greater risks of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage. We did subgroup analyses of the RESTART trial to explore whether these brain imaging features modify the effects of antiplatelet therapy