Critical ethnography, cultural safety, and international nursing research

Critical qualitative methodology provides a strategy to examine the human experience and its relationship to power and truth. Cultural safety is a concept that has been applied to nursing education and practice and refers to interactions that acknowledge and respect the unique cultural background of patients. It recognizes power inequities between caregivers who belong to dominant cultures and patients who may belong to oppressed groups. Culture is interpreted from a critical constructivist perspective as a fluid relational process that is enacted contextually. The purpose of this paper is to examine the congruence between and among critical methodology, cultural safety, and the conduct of nursing research in low- and middle-income countries by nurses from high-income countries. It is argued that if cultural safety is important and relevant to education and practice, then it might be appropriate to address it in research endeavors

Most and Least Preferred Colours Differ According to Object Context : New Insights from an Unrestricted Colour Range

Humans like some colours and dislike others, but which particular colours and why remains to be understood. Empirical studies on colour preferences generally targeted most preferred colours, but rarely least preferred (disliked) colours. In addition, findings are often based on general colour preferences leaving open the question whether results generalise to specific objects. Here, 88 participants selected the colours they preferred most and least for three context conditions (general, interior walls, t-shirt) using a high-precision colour picker. Participants also indicated whether they associated their colour choice to a valenced object or concept. The chosen colours varied widely between individuals and contexts and so did the reasons for their choices. Consistent patterns also emerged, as most preferred colours in general were more chromatic, while for walls they were lighter and for t-shirts they were darker and less chromatic compared to least preferred colours. This meant that general colour preferences could not explain object specific colour preferences. Measures of the selection process further revealed that, compared to most preferred colours, least preferred colours were chosen more quickly and were less often linked to valenced objects or concepts. The high intra- and inter-individual variability in this and previous reports furthers our understanding that colour preferences are determined by subjective experiences and that most and least preferred colours are not processed equally

A longitudinal interpretative phenomenological analysis of the process of kidney recipients’ resolution of complex ambiguities within relationships with their living donors

Much previous research into living kidney donation has focused on the decision making of the donor, despite evidence suggesting this may be a more psychologically challenging time for the recipient. This longitudinal study explores the experiences of four recipients of kidneys from living donors throughout the transplant process. Transcripts were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Three themes arose from the data, which were: Changing perceptions of relationships with kidney donors; Upbeat, temporal strategies for remaining positive; and Journey of the self. Findings from the first theme are presented in detail here. It was found that each participants’ relationship with their donor grew and developed in different ways, presenting their own complex challenges in terms of developing relationships and ambiguity around the decision to use the chosen donor

Chapter 3: Mental health treatment and services

In this chapter reported use of psychotropic medication and psychological therapy are examined, as well as the extent of use of health care services for a mental health reason (GP, inpatient and outpatient health care) and day and community service use. It should be noted that rates presented are based on participant self-reports, not health records. Misclassifications of type of treatment or service are possible, and which was the providing organisation was not established

First In Vivo Images from an InHouse Parallel Transmit (pTx) Coil for MRI at 7 Tesla

No abstract available

‘Imposter participants’ in online qualitative research, a new and increasing threat to data integrity?

Letter to the Editor: Health Expectation

Prevalence of psychosis in black ethnic minorities in Britain: analysis based on three national surveys

Purpose A considerable excess of psychosis in black ethnic minorities is apparent from clinical studies, in Britain, as in other developed economies with white majority populations. This excess is not so marked in population surveys. Equitable health service provision should be informed by the best estimates of the excess. We used national survey data to establish the difference in the prevalence of psychosis between black ethnic groups and the white majority in the British general population. Methods Analysis of the combined datasets (N = 26,091) from the British national mental health surveys of 1993, 2000 and 2007. Cases of psychosis were determined either by the use of the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN), or from a combination of screening items. We controlled for sex, age, social class, unemployment, design features and other putative confounders, using a Disease Risk Score. Results People from black ethnic minorities had an excess prevalence rate of psychosis compared with the white majority population. The OR, weighted for study design and response rate, was 2.72 (95 % CI 1.3–5.6, p = 0.002). This was marginally increased after controlling for potential confounders (OR = 2.90, 95 % CI 1.4–6.2, p = 0.006). Conclusions The excess of psychosis in black ethnic minority groups was similar to that in two previous British community surveys, and less than that based on clinical studies. Even so it confirms a considerable need for increased mental health service resources in areas with high proportions of black ethnic minority inhabitants

Developing consensus standard operating procedures (SOPs) to evaluate new types of insecticide-treated nets

In response to growing concerns over the sustained effectiveness of pyrethroid-only based control tools, new products are being developed and evaluated. Some examples of these are dual-active ingredient (AI) insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) which contain secondary insecticides, or syner-gist ITNs which contain insecticide synergist, both in combination with a pyrethroid. These net types are often termed 'next-generation' insecticide-treated nets. Several of these new types of ITNs are being evaluated in large-scale randomized control trials (RCTs) and pilot deployment schemes at a country level. However, no methods for measuring the biological durability of the AIs or synergists on these products are currently recommended. In this publication, we describe a pipeline used to collate and interrogate several different methods to produce a singular 'consensus standard operating procedure (SOP)', for monitoring the biological durability of three new types of ITNs: pyrethroid + piperonyl butoxide (PBO), pyrethroid + pyriproxyfen (PPF), and pyrethroid + chlorfenapyr (CFP). This process, convened under the auspices of the Innovation to Impact programme, sought to align methodologies used for conducting durability monitoring activities of next-generation ITNs. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

What works to support carers of older people and older carers? an international evidence map of interventions and outcomes

\ua9 The Author(s) 2024.Background: Unpaid carers of older people, and older unpaid carers, experience a range of adverse outcomes. Supporting carers should therefore be a public health priority. Our understanding of what works to support carers could be enhanced if future evaluations prioritise under-researched interventions and outcomes. To support this, we aimed to: map evidence about interventions to support carers, and the outcomes evaluated; and identify key gaps in current evidence. Methods: Evidence gap map review methods were used. Searches were carried out in three bibliographic databases for quantitative evaluations of carer interventions published in OECD high-income countries between 2013 and 2023. Interventions were eligible if they supported older carers (50 + years) of any aged recipient, or any aged carers of older people (50 + years). Findings: 205 studies reported across 208 publications were included in the evidence map. The majority evaluated the impact of therapeutic and educational interventions on carer burden and carers’ mental health. Some studies reported evidence about physical exercise interventions and befriending and peer support for carers, but these considered a limited range of outcomes. Few studies evaluated interventions that focused on delivering financial information and advice, pain management, and physical skills training for carers. Evaluations rarely considered the impact of interventions on carers’ physical health, quality of life, and social and financial wellbeing. Very few studies considered whether interventions delivered equitable outcomes. Conclusion: Evidence on what works best to support carers is extensive but limited in scope. A disproportionate focus on mental health and burden outcomes neglects other important areas where carers may need support. Given the impact of caring on carers’ physical health, financial and social wellbeing, future research could evaluate interventions that aim to support these outcomes. Appraisal of whether interventions deliver equitable outcomes across diverse carer populations is critical

A Phase IB open-label, dose-escalation study of NUC 1031 in combination with carboplatin for recurrent ovarian cancer

Funding: The study was funded and the investigational drug NUC-1031 was supplied by NuCana plc.Purpose: NUC-1031 is a first-in-class ProTide modification of gemcitabine. In PRO-002, NUC‑1031 was combined with carboplatin in recurrent ovarian cancer (OC). Experimental Design: NUC-1031 was administered on days 1 & 8 with carboplatin on day 1 every 3 weeks for up to 6 cycles. Four dose cohorts of NUC-1031 (500, 625 and 750 mg/m2) with carboplatin (AUC4 or 5) were investigated. Primary endpoint was RP2CD. Secondary endpoints included safety, investigator-assessed objective response rate (ORR), clinical benefit rate (CBR), progression-free survival (PFS) and pharmacokinetics (PK). Results: 25 women with recurrent OC, a mean of 3.8 prior lines of chemotherapy and a median platinum-free interval (PFI) of 5 months (range: 7 - 451 days) were enrolled, 15/25 (60%) platinum-resistant; 9 (36%) partially platinum-sensitive and 1 (4%) platinum-sensitive. Of the 23 response-evaluable: there was 1 confirmed complete response (CR, 4%), 5 partial responses (PR, 17%) and 8 (35%) stable disease (SD). The ORR was 26% and CBR was 74% across all doses and 100% in the RP2CD cohort. Median PFS was 27.1 weeks. NUC-1031 was stable in the plasma and rapidly generated high intracellular dFdCTP levels that were unaffected by carboplatin. Conclusions: NUC-1031 combined with carboplatin is well tolerated in recurrent OC. Highest efficacy was observed at the RP2CD of 500 mg/m2 NUC-1031 on days 1 & 8 with AUC5 carboplatin day 1, every 3 weeks for 6 cycles. The ability to deliver carboplatin at AUC5 and the efficacy of this schedule even in patients with platinum-resistant disease makes this an attractive therapeutic combination.PostprintPeer reviewe