D. H. Lawrence's dualistic impulses in his writings about Italy

The purpose of the following study is to demonstrate Lawrence's belief that the whole of life is the manifestation of opposite wills always transcended by a third element which reconciles them in a dynamic state of equilibrium. His view of polarity is associated with precise spatial coordinates, Italy and England. The thesis consists of four chapters prefaced by an introduction to the background influences that dualism exerts on the artist, and ended by a conclusion on what Italy means to him. Attention is given to a varied range of Lawrence's works with an Italian element- philosophical writings, travel books, novels and poems- some of which have been given a more extensive analysis than others. His letters are used where appropriate to develop this study. The first chapter illustrates the development of Lawrence's dualism in his philosophical writings, particularly "philosophical" additions to essays in Twilight in Italy. Chapter Two examines his poetics of antinomies in the travel books. Chapter Three explores the evident dual nature rooted in three of Lawrence's novels as well as some of his short stories with an Italian connection. Chapter Four traces his conception of polarity permeating the poetry in an Italian context. The thesis concludes with observations highlighting the basic traits-d'union among all Laurentian works taken into consideration, that is, the central idea of unity in duality and the Italian connection

Tres escalas de intervención para el mejoramiento de hábitat y entorno en la región de Antioquia

Este artículo presenta las reflexiones acerca del trabajo realizado por la Empresa de Vivienda de Antioquia VIVA, en pro de la construcción de mejores hábitats para las comunidades de la región, con una metodología que articula diferentes escalas de trabajo, desde la planeación del territorio municipal hasta la intervención puntual con mejoras del espacio público. Aunque la misión institucional de VIVA es la de reducir el déficit de vivienda popular cuantitativo y cualitativo hasta eliminarlo, hemos entendido que una buena solución de vivienda incluye el espacio público, las áreas comunitarias y la relación con el resto de ciudad. En el artículo se explican y correlacionan los Planes Municipales Integrales (PMI), los Mejoramientos Municipales de Entorno (MME) y los Mejoramientos de Entorno (ME) asociados a los proyectos de vivienda y a los proyectos de equipamientos que lidera VIVA al interior de la Gobernación de Antioquia.This article presents considerations about the work carried out by the Public Housing Company of Antioquia –VIVA- towards the improvement of living conditions and habitats of different communities. These interventions were made with a multi scale methodology which covers, from large urban scale territory planning exercises, to specific or local scale public-space projects. Although the institutional mission of VIVA is to reduce the quantitative and qualitative deficit of popular housing in Antioquia until it is overcome; we have understood that a good house design is not limited to the private inside of the constructions, but extends to the common spaces between them and its relationship with the rest of the city. This article explains and describes the relationship between the Municipal Integral Projects (PMI), the Municipal Improvement Projects (MME), and the Surrounding Improvement Projects (ME)

La relación entre planificación, renovación y espacio público : un ejercicio pendiente. El caso de Medellín, Colombia, proyectos : parque de los pies descalzos y plan parcial Gran Manzana de Simera

Esta investigación pretende evidenciar ¿Cómo se ha dado la articulación entre la planificación y la distribución del sistema de espacio público en los suelos de renovación urbana y proponer la necesidad de direccionamiento de la distribución del sistema de espacio público en los planes parciales de renovación por parte de las oficinas de planeación municipales. Esta tesis se fundamenta sobre el trabajo y experiencia de la autora en la formulación de planes parciales de renovación en la ciudad de Medellín y en procesos de planificación de escala metropolitana y municipal. De esta experiencia surge la preocupación sobre la necesidad de que las oficinas de planeación de las ciudades direccionen la distribución del sistema de espacio público en el suelo nuevo que se crea al interior de la ciudad consolidada como producto de la renovación. Si la renovación es la posibilidad de recuperar suelo y producir nuevas formas urbanas, es también la oportunidad de articular estas áreas nacientes a los sistemas públicos existentes, favoreciendo la continuidad en función de la accesibilidad al transporte, a los servicios, a los equipamientos en diferentes escalas según los requerimientos de quien habita y usa la ciudad. El caso de Medellín es el cuerpo del desarrollo de la investigación. Se describen y analizan desde el ordenamiento y desde dos ejemplos de buenas prácticas los procedimientos, la gestión, la estructuración y el impacto del desarrollo de áreas de renovación y su trascendencia en la incorporación a la ciudad. Se evalúa la evolución del proceso: ¿qué había allí antes de iniciar el proceso?, ¿qué se propone?, ¿qué sucede cuando se implementa? y ¿cuál es el rol de la planificación y de los formuladores? Las respuestas a estas preguntas conducen a afirmar que el direccionamiento es necesario, particularmente cuando la planificación debe asumir los temas clave del ordenamiento y el espacio público es, sin duda, uno de los más trascendentales.This research aims to show how the articulation between the planning and distribution of the public space system in renovation areas and propose the need to address the distribution of the system of public space in the partial renovation plans by the planning offices municipal. This thesis is based on the work and experience of the author in the formulation of partial renewal plans in the city of Medellin and in planning processes metropolitan and municipal scale. From this experience comes concern about the need for city planning offices to direct the distribution of the system of public space in the new floor that is created within the consolidated city as a product of the renovation. If the renovation is the possibility of recovering soil and produce new urban forms, it is also the opportunity to articulate these nascent areas to existing public systems, favoring continuity in terms of accessibility to transport, to services, to equipment at different scales according to the requirements of who inhabits and uses the city. The case of Medellín is the body of research development. They are described and analyzed from the ordering and from two examples of good practices the procedures, the management, structuring and impact of the development of renovation areas and their transcendence in the incorporation to the city. The evolution of the process is evaluated: what was there there before starting the process ?, what does it propose ?, what happens when it is implemented? Y What is the role of planning and formulators? The answers to these questions lead to affirming that addressing is necessary, particularly when the planning must take on the key issues of ordering and public space is undoubtedly one of the most transcendental.Magíster en Planeación Urbana y RegionalMaestrí

Antropic origin of diffusion of phitopatogen agents. Some best practices to counter the fallout in economic-productive, social and cultural scope

Man has always tried to control nature and to take possession of its resources; at first he did it in a prudent way, taking care only of his maintenance, but then he did it in a wrong way because of the insistent requests of global market. The upheaval of the old and respectful relationship between man and land has caused serious and irreparable consequences. This article wants to analyze and to understand some causes of this break, and the effects of the diffusion of phitopathogen agents in agriculture: the Xylella fastidiosa bacteria in the vineyards of California before, and then in the olive groves in Puglia (Italy) the insect Dryocosmus Kuriphilus which has damaged the chestnut trees in Italy, the cedar apple rust, which attacked the apple trees in Virginia, the Moniliophthore roreri which attacked the cocoa production in Latin America. The most important matter is that these threats and their effects are unforeseeable and they can’t be solved through isolated actions, but only with the integration of different strategies, using the instruments of the scientific research and the Knowledge, with a traditional planning

Antropic origin of diffusion of phitopatogen agents. Some best practices to counter the fallout in economic-productive, social and cultural scope

Man has always tried to control nature and to take possession of its resources; at first he did it in a prudent way, taking care only of his maintenance, but then he did it in a wrong way because of the insistent requests of global market.The upheaval of the old and respectful relationship between man and land has caused serious and irreparable consequences.This article wants to analyze and to understand some causes of this break, and the effects of the diffusion of phitopathogen agents in agriculture: the Xylella fastidiosa bacteria in the vineyards of California before, and then in the olive groves in Puglia (Italy) the insect Dryocosmus Kuriphilus which has damaged the chestnut trees in Italy, the cedar apple rust, which attacked the apple trees in Virginia, the Moniliophthore roreri which attacked the cocoa production in Latin America.The most important matter is that these threats and their effects are unforeseeable and they can’t be solved through isolated actions, but only with the integration of different strategies, using the instruments of the scientific research and the Knowledge, with a traditional planning

Estación Villa, distrito de la inclusión en Medellín: encendiendo luces

Este artículo resume el producto de un taller académico en el que se reflexiona sobre el sector Estación Villa, el cual hace parte del centro tradicional de Medellín y se cuestiona sobre, ¿cómo abordar un territorio, con una zona, que ha quedado excluida por cuenta de las intervenciones desarrolladas en sus bordes y ha propiciado en su interior, mezcla de diferentes grupos poblacionales y actividades, en las que, la ilegalidad e informalidad lo han llevado a la exclusión urbana y social del resto de la ciudad. Se propone una intervención que interprete las dinámicas sociales y la ocupación del territorio, que tendrá como punto de partida, la inclusión social y la articulación urbana. Dicha intervención, propone estrategias innovadoras que le apuestan a una regeneración urbana, que construya tejido social y articule a Estación Villa con el resto de la ciudad.This article summarizes the product of an academic workshop in which we reflect on the Estación Villa sector, which is part of the Medellin traditional downtown and questions about how to tackle a territory, an area which has been excluded on account of interventions developed at its edges and has led inside, mixing different population groups and activities, which, illegality and informality have led to urban and social exclusion of the rest of the city. An intervention to interpret the social dynamics and the occupation of territory, taking as a starting point, social inclusion and urban articulation is proposed. This intervention proposes innovative strategies betting on urban regeneration build social fabric and articulates Station Villa with the rest of the city

El Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial de Medellín 2014: un modelo territorial para la intervención estratégica

Este artículo presenta una reflexión acerca de la tradición del planeamiento en Medellín, producto del proceso llevado a cabo por miembros del equipo que ha liderado la revisión reciente del Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial desde el Departamento Administrativo de Planeación de la Alcaldía de Medellín entre 2012 y 2015. Esta reflexión ha sido un insumo para contextualizar el nuevo plan en la práctica urbanística de Medellín. Se identifican tres momentos relevantes que han sido decisivos para sentar las bases de la cultura del plan en la ciudad. Igualmente se presentan los resultados obtenidos de la revisión mencionada y en los planteamientos y productos que componen el nuevo Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial de Medellín, que orientará el destino urbanístico de la ciudad durante los próximos veinte años. Palabras clave: Medellín, Ordenación del territorio, Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial, Modelo de Ocupación Territorial, Áreas de Intervención Estratégica, Planeamiento MultiescalarThis article presents a review about the tradition of planning in Medellin. It’s derived from the process carried out by members of the team that led the Territorial Ordering Plan review from the Planning Department of the Municipality of Medellin between 2012 and 2015. This discussion has been an input to contextualize the new plan in the urban practice of Medellin. The text focuses on the identification of three important moments from which laid the foundations of the culture of planning in the city. Describes the results of the recent review, approaches and products that make up the new Territorial Ordering Plan, which will guide the city for the next twenty years

Applications of Ketogenic Diets in Patients with Headache: Clinical Recommendations

Headaches are among the most prevalent and disabling neurologic disorders and there are several unmet needs as current pharmacological options are inadequate in treating patients with chronic headache, and a growing interest focuses on nutritional approaches as non-pharmacological treatments. Among these, the largest body of evidence supports the use of the ketogenic diet (KD). Exactly 100 years ago, KD was first used to treat drug-resistant epilepsy, but subsequent applications of this diet also involved other neurological disorders. Evidence of KD effectiveness in migraine emerged in 1928, but in the last several year's different groups of researchers and clinicians began utilizing this therapeutic option to treat patients with drug-resistant migraine, cluster headache, and/or headache comorbid with metabolic syndrome. Here we describe the existing evidence supporting the potential benefits of KDs in the management of headaches, explore the potential mechanisms of action involved in the efficacy in-depth, and synthesize results of working meetings of an Italian panel of experts on this topic. The aim of the working group was to create a clinical recommendation on indications and optimal clinical practice to treat patients with headaches using KDs. The results we present here are designed to advance the knowledge and application of KDs in the treatment of headaches

AIRO Breast Cancer Group Best Clinical Practice 2022 Update

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common tumor in women and represents the leading cause of cancer death. Radiation therapy plays a key-role in the treatment of all breast cancer stages. Therefore, the adoption of evidence-based treatments is warranted, to ensure equity of access and standardization of care in clinical practice.Method: This national document on the highest evidence-based available data was developed and endorsed by the Italian Association of Radiation and Clinical Oncology (AIRO) Breast Cancer Group.We analyzed literature data regarding breast radiation therapy, using the SIGN (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network) methodology (www.sign.ac.uk). Updated findings from the literature were examined, including the highest levels of evidence (meta-analyses, randomized trials, and international guidelines) with a significant impact on clinical practice. The document deals with the role of radiation therapy in the treatment of primary breast cancer, local relapse, and metastatic disease, with focus on diagnosis, staging, local and systemic therapies, and follow up. Information is given on indications, techniques, total doses, and fractionations.Results: An extensive literature review from 2013 to 2021 was performed. The work was organized according to a general index of different topics and most chapters included individual questions and, when possible, synoptic and summary tables. Indications for radiation therapy in breast cancer were examined and integrated with other oncological treatments. A total of 50 questions were analyzed and answered.Four large areas of interest were investigated: (1) general strategy (multidisciplinary approach, contraindications, preliminary assessments, staging and management of patients with electronic devices); (2) systemic therapy (primary, adjuvant, in metastatic setting); (3) clinical aspects (invasive, non-invasive and micro-invasive carcinoma; particular situations such as young and elderly patients, breast cancer in males and cancer during pregnancy; follow up with possible acute and late toxicities; loco-regional relapse and metastatic disease); (4) technical aspects (radiation after conservative surgery or mastectomy, indications for boost, lymph node radiotherapy and partial breast irradiation).Appendixes about tumor bed boost and breast and lymph nodes contouring were implemented, including a dedicated web application. The scientific work was reviewed and validated by an expert group of breast cancer key-opinion leaders.Conclusions: Optimal breast cancer management requires a multidisciplinary approach sharing therapeutic strategies with the other involved specialists and the patient, within a coordinated and dedicated clinical path. In recent years, the high-level quality radiation therapy has shown a significant impact on local control and survival of breast cancer patients. Therefore, it is necessary to offer and guarantee accurate treatments according to the best standards of evidence-based medicine