Melhoria da Assistência ao Pré-Natal e Puerpério na Unidade de Saúde da Família Abegay, no município de Cruz Alta/RS

Trabalho de conclusão de curso apresentado à Universidade Federal de Pelotas/UNASUS como requisito para a obtenção do título de Especialista em Saúde Da Família. Desenvolveu-se um projeto de intervenção com o objetivo de qualificar a Assistência ao pré-natal e ao puerpério na ESF Abegay, na cidade de Cruz Alta/RS, tendo como público-alvo 27 gestantes cadastradas na área de abrangência da unidade. O protocolo adotado para embasar este trabalho foi Atenção ao Pré-natal de baixo risco, 2012, do Ministério da Saúde. As gestantes receberam atendimento individualizado e em grupos com orientação sobre o pré-natal, Maternidade e educação em saúde. Como resultados, pode-se citar a capacitação dos profissionais da equipe da ESF Abegay, o retorno do acompanhamento ao pré-natal na unidade, que ficou sem oferecer assistência às gestantes por 3 meses. No final da intervenção alcançamos 70% de acompanhamento às gestantes adscritas no território de abrangência. Em relação à qualidade do atendimento, 100% das gestantes realizaram exame ginecológico e de mamas, tiveram prescrição de Sulfato Ferroso e Ácido Fólico na primeira consulta e foram liberadas com a solicitação de exames laboratoriais conforme protocolo do Ministério da Saúde, 2012. O atendimento no pós-parto também alcançou patamar máximo em qualidade. Foi atingido 100% de consultas puerperais no mês 2 e 3 de intervenção, tendo realizado exames de mamas e de abdome em 100% das pacientes até 42 dias de pós-parto, além da prescrição de algum método de anticoncepção e da avaliação do estado psíquico e de intercorrências. Também podemos citar a maior adesão às consultas, o avanço nos registro das informações, a idenficação das gestantes de alto risco e sua referência a unidades especializadas como quesitos com resultados satisfatórios. Porém, algumas metas não foram alcançadas, como maior adesão ao tratamento odontológico. No término da intervenção apenas 12,5% das gestantes haviam realizado as consultas subsequentes e 33% estavam com tratamento odontológico concluído. Para avançar na qualificação do serviço, há questões que devem ser sanadas, como maior orientação sobre saúde bucal. Com base nos resultados provenientes deste trabalho, será possível continuar em busca de melhoria da atenção às gestantes e às puérperas na Vila Abegay

O panorama desafiador da prevenção e combate da homofobia no cotidiano escolar

Orientadora : Rita Estela SalinoMonografia (especialização) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Litoral, Curso de Especialização em Gênero e Diversidade na EscolaInclui referênciasResumo: O presente artigo visa analisar as intervenções pedagógicas da comunidade escolar em relação a atos homofóbicos neste ambiente. Apresenta-se um levantamento oficial de 2012 dos atos homofóbicos no Brasil, como também uma análise das políticas públicas de gênero que vêm sendo implantadas recentemente. O aporte teórico de autores e autoras da temática de gênero e diversidade auxilia a compreender a homofobia no Brasil. A metodologia é de cunho qualitativo, por meio de entrevistas questionário com questões abertas, aplicadas aos professores/as, gestores/as, funcionários/as, e pedagogas/os do ensino fundamental e médio do Colégio Estadual Ivanete Martins de Souza, em Piraquara. Os resultados evidenciam o quão frágeis são os conhecimentos e o preparo dos agentes da educação para lidar com a realidade da homofobia no contexto escolar e a necessidade de políticas públicas que inibam a homofobia. Destaca-se neste contexto, a vontade das pessoas entrevistadas em contribuir com a pesquisa; bem como o apontamento da necessidade de uma formação continuada de qualidade

Effects of childhood multiple maltreatment experiences on depression of socioeconomic disadvantaged elderly in Brazil.

Childhood maltreatment is a risk factor for depression in nonelderly individuals. We investigated the effect of childhood abuse and neglect on the development of geriatric depression and its severity in socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals. A cross-sectional study investigated 449 individuals aged 60-103 years sorted by data using the enrollment list health coverage from the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil. The fifteen-item Geriatric Depression Scale was used to assess depression. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire was used to identify emotional and physical neglect, in addition to emotional, physical, and sexual abuse. Geriatric depression was associated with emotional and physical abuse and neglect. Emotional abuse and neglect, as well as physical abuse, increased the odds of an individual developing severe depression. Correlations were observed for combined forms of maltreatment, with two to five maltreatment types producing mild to moderate symptoms. Similar trends were observed for severe symptoms in a limited number of cases. The cross-sectional design limit causal inference. Retrospective measurement of childhood maltreatment may increase recall and response bias. Late-life depression and its severity significantly correlated with the extent of childhood emotional and physical abuse and neglect. Thus, research should focus on supporting trauma survivors late in life, particularly when they come from low or middle income countries because these patients have higher rates of depression in elderly populations

Burning mouth syndrome: update

Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is a chronic disorder that predominately affects middle-aged women in the postmenopausal period. The condition is distinguished by burning symptoms of the oral mucosa and the absence of any clinical signs. The etiology of BMS is complex and it includes a variety of factors. Local, systemic and psychological factors such as stress, anxiety and depression are listed among the possible causes of BMS. BMS may sometimes be classified as BMS Type I, II or III. Although this syndrome is not accompanied by evident organic alterations and it does not present health risks, it can significantly reduce the patient's quality of life. This study analyzes the available literature related to BMS, and makes special reference to its therapeutic management. The pages that follow will also discuss the diagnostic criteria that should be respected, etiological factors, and clinical aspects. We used the PubMed database and searched it by using the keywords 'burning mouth syndrome', 'BMS and review', and 'burning mouth and review', in the title or abstract of the publication. BMS treatment usually steers towards the management of the symptoms; however, the specific local factors that could play a significant role in worsening the oral burning sensation should be eradicated. The most widely accepted treatment options that show variable results include tricyclic antidepressants, benzodiazepines and antipsychotic drugs; nevertheless there are other therapies that can also be carried out. Professionals that work in the field of dentistry should formulate standardized symptomatic and diagnostic criteria in order to more easily identify the most effective and reliable strategies in BMS treatment through multidisciplinary research

Oral granuloma gravidarum: a retrospective study of 41 cases in Southern Brazil

Granuloma gravidarum (GG) is an inflammatory lesion, which develops in the oral mucosa of pregnant women in response to chronic low-grade irritants, under the influence of hormonal factors. Objective To characterize GG clinically by means of a retrospective study of the cases of the Oral Medicine Division, São Lucas Hospital, Brazil. Material and Methods Cases of GG diagnosed between 1980 and 2012 were analyzed. Data were obtained referring to the age of the patients, lesion location, clinical features, as well as the presence of local irritants. The gestation period in which the lesion developed was also investigated. Results Forty-one cases of GG were found. The lesions developed predominantly in the third trimester of pregnancy (51.22%) and the mean age of the patients was 28 years. Most GG was found in the gingiva (73.17%), was reddish color and had a mean diameter of 1.5 cm. Local irritants were involved in 75.6% of the cases. Conclusions The hormonal conditions of pregnancy can have an impact on the oral cavity, predisposing the patient to inflammatory lesions such as GG

Influence of childhood abuse and neglect subtypes on late-life suicide risk beyond depression.

The association of childhood maltreatment and suicide has been extensively examined within the population. Depression figures as a main cause for the elevated suicide rate in advanced ages and is often related to childhood maltreatment. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between childhood maltreatment subtypes and suicide risk, testing geriatric depression as a moderator. This is a cross-sectional study looking at a sample of 449 individuals 60 year s old or older from the Multidimensional Study of the Elderly of Porto Alegre Family Health Strategy, Brazil (EMI-SUS/POA). Childhood maltreatment (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire), geriatric depressive symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale), and suicide risk (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview) were assessed. The subtypes of childhood abuse and neglect were significantly associated with suicide risk. In the multivariate analysis, controlling for age, gender, income, marital status, ethnicity, smoking, and geriatric depression symptoms, all trauma subtypes remained associated with suicide risk with the exception of physical neglect (EA = 3.65; PA = 3.16; SA = 5.1; EN = 2.43; PN = 1.76). The present study showed that childhood maltreatment subtypes predicted suicide risk, and geriatric depression does not directly mediate this relation

Depression dimensions : integrating clinical signs and symptoms from the perspectives of clinicians and patients

Background Several studies have recognized that depression is a multidimensional construct, although the scales that are currently available have been shown to be limited in terms of the ability to investigate the multidimensionality of depression. The objective of this study is to integrate information from instruments that measure depression from different perspectives–a self-report symptomatic scale, a clinician-rated scale, and a clinician-rated scale of depressive signs–in order to investigate the multiple dimensions underlying the depressive construct. Methods A sample of 399 patients from a mood disorders outpatient unit was investigated with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), and the Core Assessment of Psychomotor Change (CORE). Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were used to investigate underlying dimensions of depression, including item level analysis with factor loadings and item thresholds. Results A solution of six depression dimensions has shown good-fit to the data, with no cross-loading items, and good interpretability. Item-level analysis revealed that the multidimensional depressive construct might be organized into a continuum of severity in the following ascending order: sexual, cognitive, insomnia, appetite, non-interactiveness/motor retardation, and agitation.Conclusion An integration of both signs and symptoms, as well as the perspectives of clinicians and patients, might be a good clinical and research alternative for the investigation ofmultidimensional issues within the depressive syndrome. As predicted by theoretical models of depression, the melancholic aspects of depression (non-interactiveness/motor retardation and agitation) lie at the severe end of the depressive continuum

Factors related to positive and negative outcomes in psychiatric inpatients in a General Hospital Psychiatric Unit: a proposal for an outcomes index

Background General Hospital Psychiatric Units have a fundamental importance in the mental health care systems. However, there is a lack of studies regarding the level of improvement of patients in this type of facility. Objective To assess factors related to good and poor outcomes in psychiatric inpatients using an index composed by clinical parameters easily measured. Methods Length of stay (LOS), Global Assessment of Functioning (variation and at discharge) and Clinical Global Impression (severity and improvement) were used to build a ten-point improvement index (I-Index). Records of psychiatric inpatients of a general hospital during an 18-month period were analyzed. Three groups (poor, intermediate and good outcomes) were compared by univariate and multivariate models according to clinical and sociodemographic variables. Results Two hundred and fifty patients were included, with a percentage in the groups with poor, regular and good outcomes of 16.4%, 59,6% and 24.0% respectively. Poor outcome at the discharge was associated mainly with lower education, transient disability, antipsychotics use, chief complaint “behavioral change/aggressiveness” and psychotic features. Multivariate analysis found a higher OR for diagnoses of “psychotic disorders” and “personality disorders” and others variables in relation to protective categories in the poor outcome group compared to the good outcome group. Discussion Our I-Index proved to be an indicator of that allows an easy and more comprehensive evaluation to assess outcomes of inpatients than just LOS. Different interventions addressed to conditions such as psychotic disorders and disruptive chief complaints are necessary

Oral lichen planus and its relationship with systemic diseases. A review of evidence

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is one of the most common dermatological diseases which are present in the oral cavity. It is a chronic autoimmune, mucocutaneous disease that affects the oral mucosa as well as the skin, genital mucosa and other sites. Review the relevant information to OLP and its relationship with systemic diseases. Searches were carried out in the Medline/PubMed, Lilacs, Bireme, BVS, and SciELO databases by using key-words. After an initial search that provided us with 243 papers, this number was reduced to 78 from the last seven years. One of the first criteria adopted was a selective reading of the abstracts of articles for the elimination of publications that presented less information regarding the subject proposed for this work. All the selected articles were read in their entirety by all of the authors, who came to a consensus about their level of evidence. The Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) criteria were used as the criteria of methodological validation. Only 9 articles showed an evidence level of 1+, 2+, 3 or 4, as well as a recommendation level of A, B, C or D. Three of them were non-systematic reviews, one was a cohort study and only one was a controlled clinical trial. Three of the studies were case series, with respective sample sizes of 45, 171 and 633 patients. Several factors have been associated with OLP. Patients with OLP are carriers of a disease with systemic implications and may need the care of a multidisciplinary team. The correct diagnosis of any pathology is critical to making effective treatment and minimizes iatrogenic harm. For OLP is no different, taking into account its association with numerous systemic diseases that require special attention from health professionals. Periodic follow-up of all patients with OLP is recommended

Cutaneous, genital and oral lichen planus : a descriptive study of 274 patients

Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the oral mucosa as well as the skin, genital mucosa and other sites. Objective: to evaluate the correlation between oral, genital and cutaneous lichen planus, in a sample of LP patients. This descriptive study reviewed 274 clinical histories of patients, who all presented histological confirmation of lichen planus verified by a pathologist, attending research centers in Barcelona. A total of 40 LP patients (14.59%) presented genital lesions. Of 131 patients with cutaneous LP (47.8%), the most commonly affected zones were the body?s flexor surfaces, representing 60.1% of cases. 24% of patients (n=55) related the start of the lesions with previous stress events. Of the 131 subjects with cutaneous lesions, 19% (n=25) also presented oral lichen planus (OLP). Of the total sample, 53.6% (n=147) of patients presented oral lesions. The systemic diseases most commonly associated with this patient sample were psychological problems such as stress, anxiety and depression (48%), hypertension (27%), gastric problems (12%), and diabetes (9.7%). A family history of lichen planus was found in only 2 cases (0,72%) out of the total of 274. Any patient with OLP should undergo a thorough history and examination to investigate potential extraoral manifestations. The fact that 37 patients with OLP in this patient series were identified with simultaneous involvement at more than one site highlights the need for thorough evaluation and multidisciplinary approaches to this disease