876 research outputs found
Report drawn up on behalf of the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Consumer Protection concerning deep seabed mining and the marine environment. Working Documents 1982-83, Document 1-688/82, 25 October 1982
Reinterpretation of niche and fitness differences improves our understanding of species coexistence
Kiintymyssuhteen merkitys lapsen psyykkisessä kehityksessä : Integroiva kirjallisuuskatsaus
Opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli koota aiempi tutkimustieto yhteen kiintymyssuhteen merkityksestä lapsen psyykkisen kehityksen näkökulmasta. Tavoitteena oli vastata tutkimuskysymykseen: ”Mikä on kiintymyssuhteen merkitys lapsen psyykkisessä kehityksessä?”.
Opinnäytetyö toteutettiin integroivana kirjallisuuskatsauksena. Katsaukseen etsittiin luotettavaa, ajankohtaista tietoa aiheen aiemmista tutkimuksista. Aineistoksi valittiin 10 julkaisua, jotka olivat tutkimuksia ja tieteellisiä artikkeleita. Valinta tehtiin laadittujen sisäänottokriteerien pohjalta. Aineisto analysoitiin deduktiivisen eli teorialähtöisen sisällönanalyysin keinoin. Analyysin avulla luotiin kirjallisuuskatsauksen lopputulokseksi synteesi, joka vastasi tutkimuskysymykseen.
Tulokset kuvailtiin kirjallisesti ja havainnollistettiin taulukoiden avulla. Tulosten avulla todettiin, että kiintymyssuhteella ja sen laadulla on merkittävä yhteys psyykkisen kehitykseen. Turvattomalla kiintymyssuhteella huomattiin olevan suuri yhteys psyykkisen kehityksen häiriintymiseen. Lapsen ja hoivaajan välisen turvallisen kiintymyssuhteen havaittiin toimivan suojaavana tekijänä lapsen psyykkisessä kehityksessä. Tärkeiksi tekijöiksi turvallisen kiintymyssuhteen muodostumisessa löydettiin varhainen vuorovaikutus ja hoivaajan sensitiivisyys.
Turvattomasti kiintyneillä lapsilla havaittiin emotionaalisia, sosiaalisia ja käytöksellisiä ongelmia turvallisesti kiintyneitä lapsia enemmän. Heillä havaittiin myös enemmän ongelmia nukkumisessa, syömisessä ja mielenterveydessä. Johtopäätöksenä todettiin turvattomasti kiintyneellä lapsella olevan suurempi riski psyykkisen kehityksen häiriintymiseen ja psyykkisiin ongelmiin turvallisesti kiintyneeseen lapseen verrattuna.The objective of the thesis was to combine information from previous studies about attachment’s importance in a child’s mental development. The aim was to answer the question: “What is the importance of attachment in children’s mental development?”
The thesis was implemented as an integrative literature review. Previous studies were searched for reliable and up-to-date information. Ten studies and research articles were selected as material based on the chosen selection criteria. The material was analysed by using a deductive i.e. theoretical content analysis. The result of the analysis was a synthesis that responded to the research question.
The results were presented in a written form with the help of demonstrative tables. The results showed that attachment and its quality have a significant connection to the mental development of a child. Insecure attachment was found to have a high connection with disorders in mental development. Secure attachment was found to be a protective factor in a child's mental development. Early interaction and the carer’s sensitivity were found to be important factors in the formation of secure attachment.
Children with insecure attachments were found to have more emotional, social and behavioural problems than those with secure attachments. They were also observed to have more problems with sleeping, eating and mental health. As a conclusion, insecure children were found to have an increased risk of disorders in their mental development and dealing with mental health problems compared to securely attached children
Report drawn up on behalf of the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Consumer Protection on goose-cramming to produce foie gras. Working Documents 1982-1983, Document 1-686/82, October 1982
Deduction, Legal Reasoning, and the Rule of Law. Book Review Of: Rhetoric and the Rule of Law. a Theory of Legal Reasoning. by Neil McCormick
Book review: Rhetoric and the Rule of Law. A Theory of Legal Reasoning. By Neil MacCormick. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. Pp. xvi + 287. Reviewed by: Torben Spaa
Vremenska i prostorna hibridizacija daphnia u Peri-alpskih jezerima
The three Daphnia species of the D. longispina complex (D. galeata, D. longispina and D. cucullata) and their hybrids can be found in lakes all over Europe. Many factors (e.g. food quality and quantity, predation, diseases, competition) have been studied to explain why parentals and hybrids co-occur. We reconstructed some of the Daphnia populations North of the Alps over time, using sediment cores, and showed that eutrophication is an important factor in determining the composition of Daphnia populations over time. To study on a spatial scale the composition of Daphnia populations we surveyed Daphnia populations north and south of the Swiss Alps. We found that Lakes North of the Alps were invaded with one species (D. galeata) and hypothesize that lakes south of the Alps were invaded with D. longispina. A first life history experiment shows some evidence for this hypothesis. Further, testing of this hypothesis needs to come from sediment cores from lakes from the south side of the Alps. I will present recent data about these studies.Tri vrste dafnija D. longispina kompleksa (D. galeata, D. longispina and D. cucullata) i njihovi hibridi se mogu naći u jezerima širom Evrope. Mnogi faktori (npr. kvalitet i količina hrane, predacija, bolesti, kompeticija) su analizirani u cilju ispitivanja koegzistencije parentala i hibrida. Analizom uzoraka sedimenata rekonstruisali smo neke od populacija Daphnia severno od Alpa i pokazali da je eutrofikacija važan faktor koji utiče na sastava populacija Daphnia tokom vremena. U cilju prostornog analiziranja sastava, ispitivali smo populacije Daphnia severno i južno od Švajcarskih Alpa. Utvrdili smo da su jezera severno od Alpa invadirana jednom vrstom dafnija, D. galatea, i postavili hipotezu da su jezera južno od Alpa invadirana drugom vrstom dafija, D. longispina. Prvi eksperiment koji se bavio životnim ciklusom je pokazao izvesnu potvrdu ove hipoteze. Za dalje ispitivanje ove hipoteze potrebno je analizirati uzorke sedimenta iz jezera na južnoj strani Alpa. Predstaviću nove rezultate ovih istraživanja
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