Caries prevalence and risk factors among children aged 0 to 36 months

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a prevalência de cárie e de fatores de risco em crianças com idade até 36 meses cadastradas no Ambulatório de Pediatria do Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto (HUPE-UERJ). Após a obtenção de consentimento livre e informado, foi realizada uma entrevista com os responsáveis por meio da qual foram avaliados os fatores de risco à cárie, incluindo condições sócio-econômico-culturais, hábitos de higiene oral e de dieta. Um único examinador realizou o exame bucal das crianças para a avaliação de cárie, de biofilme dental e de sangramento gengival. Os dados obtidos foram analisados através do programa Epi Info, utilizando-se o teste qui-quadrado. As crianças tinham em média 22,9 meses de idade. A prevalência de cárie encontrada, incluindo lesões não cavitadas, foi de 41,6% e o índice ceo-s foi de 1,7 (± 2,5). Os dentes mais afetados foram os anteriores superiores e o tipo de lesão mais comum foi a mancha branca ativa. Não houve associação significativa estatisticamente entre a prevalência de cárie e os fatores sócio-econômico-culturais, freqüência de higiene, hábito de amamentação noturna e dieta cariogênica durante o dia. Entretanto, a associação entre cárie e presença de biofilme dental foi considerada altamente significativa (p < 0,001). Os resultados sugerem que o acúmulo de biofilme dental espesso foi o fator preponderante para a ocorrência da cárie de estabelecimento precoce na amostra avaliada.The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of caries and risk factors in outpatients of the Pediatric Ambulatory of the Pedro Ernesto University Hospital aging up to 36 months. After signing informed consent forms, the parents answered a structured questionnaire in order to evaluate risk factors for dental caries, including socioeconomic status, oral hygiene and dietary habits. A single investigator carried out the dental examination which assessed the presence of caries, biofilm and gingival bleeding. The data were analyzed by means of the Epi Info program, utilizing the chi-squared test. The childrens mean age was 22.9 months. The prevalence of caries, including white spot lesions, was 41.6%, and the mean def-s was 1.7 (± 2.5). The most affected teeth were the maxillary incisors, and the most common lesion was the white spot. No significant associations were found between the prevalence of caries and socioeconomic status, frequency of oral hygiene, nocturnal bottle- and breast-feeding or cariogenic food and beverage intake during the day. However, the association between caries and oral hygiene quality (dental biofilm) was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The results suggest that the presence of a thick biofilm was the most important factor for the occurrence of early childhood caries in the evaluated sample

Проєкт будівництва двоповерхового дитячого садку у місті Дніпро

У дипломному проекті 60 сторінок, 14 таблиць, 1 додаток, 15 джерел посилань. Об’єкт роботи – двоповерховий дитячий садок, що проектується за адресою: м. Дніпро, Новокодацький р-н, вул. Вільямса, 29. Мета роботи – запроектувати дитячий садок на території з ігровими майданчиками за малими архітектурними формами. Результати проекту та новизна. Планувальна система будівлі передбачає основні приміщення та допоміжні. Кожне приміщення має вікно для освітлення природним світлом і для провітрювання. Визначено глибину закладення фундаменту, теплотехнічний розрахунок огороджувальних конструкцій, визначено нормовані значення опору теплопередачі огороджувальних конструкцій. Проведено розрахунок плит перекриття. Обрана раціональна схема суміщення технологічних процесів. Розроблено енергетичний паспорт будівлі, проект виконання робіт та відповідні технологічні карти. Спроектовано фундамент палі, що складається зі збірних забивних залізобетонних паль і монолітного ростверку. Пояснювальна записка включає в себе проектну розробку, в якій розглядаються наступні розділи: загальна архітектурно-будівельне проектування; проектування будівельних конструкцій; організаційно-технологічне проектування; прийнято міри з охорони оточуючої середи та з охорони праці. В архітектурно-будівельної частини розроблений генеральний план, що включає в себе основні об'єкти, елементи благоустрою і озеленення. Будівля є двоповерховою з несучими зовнішніми та внутрішніми стінами з цегли, та частково використовуються підвалом і горищем. Для раціональної організації робіт зі зведення будівлі розроблений будгенплан. На вільних від забудови і покриттів просторах передбачається групова посадка дерев, чагарників, посів трав і пристрій квітників. Сфера застосування – спорудження об’єктів для цивільного призначення. Практичне значення роботи – підвищення техніко-економічних та культурносоціальних аспектів цивільного будівництва.In section 60 projects, 14 tables, 1 appendix, 15 sources. The object of work is a two-storey kindergarten, which is designed at the address: Dnipro, street Williams, 29. The purpose of the work is to invite a kindergarten to this one with playgrounds for crimson architectural formats. Project results and novelty. The planning system builds the main premises and additional ones. Each room has a window for natural light and for lighting. The deep fundamental basis, the heat engineering project of enclosing designs, and also the important support of heat transfer of enclosing designs are normalized. The floor tile was inspected. Processing of the rational scheme of strengthening of technological processes. The energy passport of the building, the project of research and answers of technological maps are developed. The foundation of the field was designed, which made the assembled downhole reinforced concrete fingers and monolithic growth. The note dealing with the manufacturer's project is explained, and the following sections are considered: general architectural and construction design; design of building structures; organizational and technological design; you need to take action using the environment and working. In the architectural and construction part, a master plan has been developed, which includes the main objects, elements of landscaping and landscaping. The building is two-storey with dirty exterior and interior walls from the purpose, and the private uses a basement and attic. For a rational organization we worked with the construction of the developed budget plan. On free from construction and coverings group groupings of trees, bushes, the damaged injuries and devices of flower beds simply become. Scope - the construction of internal elements for civil investigation. Practical work is the technical-economic and cultural-political aspects of civil engineering

Management of dental caries lesions in Latin American and Caribbean countries

Caries management at the lesion level is dependent on the lesion activity, the presence of a cavitation (either cleanable or non-cleanable), and lesion depth as evaluated via radiographic examination. A variety of non-invasive, micro-invasive, and minimally invasive treatment (with or without restoration) options are available for primary and permanent teeth. Non-invasive strategies include oral hygiene instructions, dietary counseling, and personal as well as professional use of fluoridated products that reduce demineralization and increase re-mineralization. Micro-invasive procedures include the use of occlusal resin sealants and resin infiltrants, while minimally invasive strategies comprise those related to selective removal of caries tissues and placement of restorations. Deep caries management includes indirect pulp capping, while exposed pulp may be treated using direct pulp capping and partial or complete pulpotomy. The aim of the present study was to review available evidence on recommended preventive and restorative strategies for caries lesions in Latin American/Caribbean countries, and subsequently develop evidence-based recommendations for treatment options that take into consideration material availability, emphasize ways to adapt available treatments to the local context, and suggest ways in which dentists and health systems can adopt these treatments

Estudo transversal da evolução da dentição decídua: forma dos arcos, sobressaliência e sobremordida

The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics (shape of dental arches, overjet and overbite) of the primary dentition of 6- to 39-month-old children from four nurseries of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and to associate them to gender and dentition phase. It was observed that 68.6% of the children presented round upper arch, while 31.4% had triangular upper arch; 92% of the children presented U-shaped lower arch and 8% had square-shaped lower arch. Moderate overjet was observed in 38.3% of the children, and slight overjet, in 30.3%. Severe (26.6%) and negative (25.5%) overbites were the most prevalent modalities of that condition. There was no association between gender and the studied characteristics. There was statistically significant association between the dentition phase and the shape of the arch, overjet and overbite (p < 0.001, chi-square test). It was possible to observe, in the present study, that early signs of malocclusions appeared when first primary molars erupted, as the posterior vertical dimension of occlusion increased. It was, thus, verified that early signs of malocclusions appear as the primary dentition develops. It is very important that the first dental visit occur during the first year of age, since it allows the pediatric dentist to prevent or carry out an early diagnosis of malocclusions in the primary dentition.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características da dentição decídua de crianças de 6 a 39 meses de idade, matriculadas em quatro creches do município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Foram avaliadas a forma dos arcos dentários, sobressaliência e sobremordida, relacionando-as com gênero e fase de desenvolvimento da dentição decídua. Com relação ao arco superior, 68,6% das crianças possuíam arco arredondado e 31,4% forma triangular. Quanto ao arco inferior, 92% o apresentaram em forma de "U" e 8% em forma de quadrado. A sobressaliência moderada ocorreu em 38,3%, enquanto que a leve ocorreu em 30,3% das crianças. A sobremordida exagerada (26,6%) e a negativa (25,5%) foram as mais prevalentes. Não houve diferença significante entre as freqüências das diferentes formas dos arcos dentários, sobressaliência e sobremordida em relação ao gênero. Houve uma associação estatisticamente significante (qui-quadrado, p < 0,001) entre a forma dos arcos superiores, o grau de sobressaliência e o grau de sobremordida em relação à fase de desenvolvimento da dentição. No presente estudo, foi possível observar um aumento significativo das maloclusões com a erupção dos primeiros molares decíduos e elevação da dimensão posterior. Dessa forma, torna-se extremamente importante que a primeira visita odontológica ocorra no primeiro ano de vida, possibilitando ao odontopediatra a prevenção ou diagnóstico precoce de maloclusões na dentição decídua em desenvolvimento

Analytical performance of a PCR assay for the detection of KRAS mutations (codons 12/13 and 61) in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples of colorectal carcinoma

KRAS mutation testing is mandatory before prescribing anti-epidermal growth factor monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer. We describe the performance of a TaqMelt polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay—the cobas® KRAS Mutation Test—designed to detect 19 mutations in codons 12, 13, and 61. The limit of detection was determined using DNA blends from cell lines, plasmids, and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens. Assay performance was compared to Sanger sequencing using a panel of 188 specimens. Discordant specimens were subjected to next generation pyrosequencing (454). Assay repeatability was assessed using a panel of six specimens. A >95% correct mutation call rate was obtained in all specimen types with ~5% mutant alleles at DNA inputs of 0.8–6.3 ng per PCR reaction; 100% detection rate was observed at the recommended DNA input of 50 ng. The positive percent agreement with Sanger was 97.5% (79/81) for codons 12/13 and 85.7% (6/7) for codon 61. Negative percent agreement was 94.4% (101/107) for codon 12/13 and 99.4% (180/181) for codon 61. Nine of 10 discordant specimens yielded 454 results consistent with the cobas® results. With repeated testing, the assay showed a correct call rate of 100% (192/192) for all operators, instruments, reagent lots, and days tested. The cobas® test detects KRAS mutations in codons 12, 13, and 61 at a limit of detection of <5%. The PCR assay was more sensitive and specific than Sanger sequencing, and performance was highly reproducible. Test performance was not influenced by various endogenous interfering substances or common gut microbes

Dentes inclusos

The aim of this work is to establish a routine for clinicai and radiographical examination of unerupted teeth in order to facilitate the diagnosis and the choice of a suitable surgical technice.O objetivo deste trabalho é estabelecer uma rotina para exame clínico e radiográfico de dentes inclusos a fim de facilitar o diagnóstico e a escolha da técnica cirúrgica indicada

Comparação da análise cefalométrica padrão FOB-USP em indivíduos leucodermas, melanodermas, xantodermas, feodermas e nipo-brasileiros

Introduction: Cephalometry is a tool used to measure head dimensions through lateral radiography; however, most cephalometric analyses were developed based on white individuals, which may be inadequate for people of other ethnicities. Considering the significant racial heterogeneity in Brazil resulting from colonization and immigration, professionals should consider the facial peculiarities of each race to individualize orthodontic planning and treatment. Objective: Compare five racial groups in the Brazilian population using the FOB-USP standard cephalometric analysis. Methods: A sample of 215 lateral radiographs of young Brazilians with normal occlusion was used. Individuals were divided into five groups (Caucasian, Black, Japanese, Afro-Caucasian, and Japanese-Brazilian) according to their ancestry. Cephalometric tracings and measurements were performed using the FOB-USP standard cephalometric analysis. Results: The SNA was greater for the Black group, and the smallest value was for the Caucasian group. The mandible demonstrated greater SNB and SND for the Black group and a significantly smaller protrusion for the Caucasian group. ANB values were greater for the Black group and smaller for the Caucasian group. Black individuals presented greater NAP and HNB than Caucasians and Japanese descendants. There were no statistically significant differences between racial groups for 1-NA and 1.NA. Black individuals exhibited greater 1-NB, 1.NB, and IMPA compared to other racial groups. The variables 1.NB and IMPA showed a similar inclination for the Caucasian and Japanese groups. Dental measurements presented intermediate values between Caucasians and Blacks for the Afro-Caucasian group, and between Caucasians and Japanese for Japanese-Caucasian individuals. Conclusion: The studied groups present cephalometric differences and racial characteristics that should be considered in orthodontic planning.Introdução: A Cefalometria é uma ferramenta utilizada para mensurar as dimensões da cabeça através da telerradiografia, porém a grande parte das análises cefalométricas criadas foram baseadas em indivíduos brancos, o que pode ser inadequado para pessoas de outras etnias. Levando em conta à grande heterogenia de raças presentes no Brasil, resultado dos processos de colonização e imigração, os profissionais devem considerar as peculiaridades faciais de cada raça, para individualizar o planejamento e o tratamento ortodôntico. Objetivo: comparar cinco grupos raciais presentes na população brasileira através da análise cefalométrica padrão FOB-USP. Métodos: foi utilizada uma amostra de 215 telerradiografias de jovens brasileiros de oclusão normal. Os indivíduos foram divididos em cinco grupos (leucoderma, melanoderma, xantoderma, feoderma e nipo-brasileiro) de acordo com sua ancestralidade. A partir das radiografias, foram realizadas os traçados e medições cefalométricas através da análise cefalométrica padrão FOB-USP. Resultados: O SNA foi maior para melanodermas e o menor para leucodermas. A mandíbula demonstrou maior SNB e SND para melanodermas e uma protrusão significativamente menor para leucodermas. Os valores de ANB foram maiores para melanodermas e menores para leucodermas. Os melanodermas apresentaram maior NAP e HNB que os leucodermas e os xantodermas e nipo-brasileiros. Não houve diferenças significativas entre grupos raciais para 1-NA e 1.NA. Melanodermas exibiram maior 1-NB, 1.NB e IMPA em comparação com outros grupos raciais. Os xantodermas demonstraram valores intermediários para os grupos melanodermas e leucodermas. As variáveis 1.NB e IMPA apresentaram inclinação semelhante para os grupos leucodermas e xantodermas. As medidas dentárias apresentaram valores intermediários entre leucodermas e melanodermas para o grupo feoderma, e entre leucodermas e xantodermas para indivíduos nipo-brasileiros. Conclusão: os grupos estudados apresentam diferenças cefalométricas e características raciais próprias, devendo ser levados em conta no planejamento ortodôntico