New detrital petrographic and thermochronologic constraints on the Late Cretaceous-Neogene erosional history of the equatorial margin of Brazil: Implications for the surface evolution of a complex rift margin

The equatorial margin of Brazil is an example of a rift margin with a complex landscape, dominated by an escarpment perpendicular to the continental margin, which testifies to an equally complex rift and post-rift surface and tectonic evolution. This has been the focus of a long debate on the driving mechanism for post-rift tectonics and on the amount of exhumation. This study contributes to this debate with new petrographic and thermochronologic data on 152 samples from three basins, Para-Maranhao, Barreirinhas and Ceara, on the offshore continental platform. Our detrital record goes back to the rift time at ca. 100 Ma ago and outlines three major evolutionary phases of a changing landscape: a rift phase, with the erosion of a moderate rift escarpment, a Late Cretaceous-Palaeogene post-rift phase of major drainage reorganization and significant vertical erosion and a Late Oligocene-to-Recent post-rift phase of moderate vertical erosion and river headwater migration. We estimate that along the equatorial margin of Brazil, over a large onshore area, exhumation since the Late Cretaceous has totalled locally up to 2-2.5 km and since the late Oligocene did not exceed 1 km

A inclusão de egressos do Sistema Prisional no mercado formal de trabalho: uma leitura da experiência mineira

No presente trabalho, busca-se desenvolver uma análise sobre a inclusão de egressos do sistema prisional no mercado formal de trabalho, a partir da experiência de Minas Gerais na execução do Projeto Regresso. O Projeto Regresso visa à inclusão do egresso do sistema prisional no mercado formal de trabalho. Tal estudo procura compreender entraves e desafios dessa inclusão social a partir da pesquisa bibliográfica, análise teórica e da perspectiva histórica sobre o trabalho e os direitos previstos na Lei de Execução Penal, Constituição Federal, Consolidação das Leis Trabalhista e Legislações Estaduais. Em seguida, verificam-se alguns efeitos da exclusão social de egressos do sistema prisional, os quais perpassam uma linha tênue entre a punição, os objetivos da pena e os direitos garantidos aos egressos do sistema prisional. Fatores esses que se apresentam no contexto capitalista e globalizado, no qual interage a lógica de uma sociedade capitalista e a observância da cidadania e dignidade do egresso do sistema prisional em sua condição de sujeito titular de direitos. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Inclusão social. Egressos do sistema prisional. Direito do Trabalho. Mercado formal de trabalho. Projeto Regresso. FORMER INMATES AND INCLUSION IN FORMAL PRISON LABOR MARKET: A READING EXPERIENCE OF MINAS GERAIS ABSTRACT In this paper, we seek to develop an analysis of the inclusion of former convicts in the formal labor market, from Minas Gerais experience in the implementation of Projeto Regresso. The project aims help former inmates in inclusion in the formal labor market. This study seeks to understand obstacles and challenges that social inclusion from the literature, theoretical analysis and historical perspective on work and the rights provided for in the Penal Execution Law, the Constitution, Consolidation of Labor Laws and State Laws. Then, there are some effects of social exclusion of former convicts, which run through a fine line between punishment, the objectives of punishment and the rights guaranteed to former convicts. These factors are presented in the capitalist and globalized context in which interacts logic of a capitalist society and the observance of citizenship and dignity of graduates of the prison system as a condition subject right holder. KEY WORDS: Social Inclusion. Former Inmates. Formal Labor Market. Labor Law. Projeto Regresso Data de submissão: 08/05/2015 Data de aceitação: 27/07/201

O lúdico no desenvolvimento das potencialidades criativas musicais na primeira infância

This paper presents a vision of the creative musical development in the early childhood (from two to five years old ) departing from the sound exploration to the construction of a children's own musical making, having the playful activity as a structural basis for learning. We understand that the development of creative potential using the sound and the noise as a material of exploration allows the expansion of ideas and musical concepts, providing the formation of active, perceptive, sensitive and insightful subjects for a differentiated and open relationship with the world around the children. Based on the proposals of François Delalande and their interfaces with theorists such as Gilles Deleuze and Johan Huizinga, we propose an approach aimed at an age group which, although foreseen in Delalande's theoretical proposals, this particular age group is not sufficiently addressed in teaching. At the end, we present an experience report conducted in regular school with kindergarten students.Este artigo apresenta uma visão do desenvolvimento criativo musical na primeira infância (de dois a cinco anos) que parte da exploração sonora para a construção de um fazer musical próprio das crianças, tendo o jogo e a atividade lúdica como base estrutural para o aprendizado. Compreendemos que o desenvolvimento das potencialidades criativas utilizando sons e ruídos como matéria de exploração permite a ampliação de ideias e conceitos musicais proporcionando a formação de sujeitos ativos, perceptivos, sensíveis e perspicazes para uma relação diferenciada e aberta com o mundo que lhes cerca. A partir das propostas de François Delalande e suas interfaces com teóricos como Gilles Deleuze e Johan Huizinga, propomos uma abordagem destinada a uma faixa etária que, embora prevista nas propostas teóricas de Delalande, não foi suficientemente abordada no ensino para essa determinada faixa etária. Ao final, apresentamos um relato de uma experiência realizada em escola regular com alunos de Educação Infantil

From Re-Emergence to Hyperendemicity: The Natural History of the Dengue Epidemic in Brazil

The spread of dengue virus is a major public health problem. Though the burden of dengue has historically been concentrated in Southeast Asian countries, Brazil has become the country that reports the largest number of cases in the world. While prior to 2007 the disease affected mostly adults, during the 2007 epidemic the number of dengue hemorrhagic fever cases more than doubled, and over 53% of cases were in children under 15 years of age. In this paper, we propose that the conditions for the shift were being set gradually since the re-introduction of dengue in 1986 and that they represent the transition from re-emergence to hyperendemicity. Using data from an age stratified seroprevalence study conducted in Recife, we estimated the force of infection (a measure of transmission intensity) between 1986–2006 and used these estimates to simulate the accumulation of immunity since the re-emergence. As the length of time that dengue has circulated increases, adults have a lower probability of remaining susceptible to primary or secondary infection and thus, cases become on average younger. If in fact the shift represents the transition from re-emergence to hyperendemicity, similar shifts are likely to be observed in the rest of Brazil, the American continent and other regions where transmission emerges

Emergent quantum confinement at topological insulator surfaces

Bismuth-chalchogenides are model examples of three-dimensional topological insulators. Their ideal bulk-truncated surface hosts a single spin-helical surface state, which is the simplest possible surface electronic structure allowed by their non-trivial $\mathbb{Z}_2$ topology. They are therefore widely regarded ideal templates to realize the predicted exotic phenomena and applications of this topological surface state. However, real surfaces of such compounds, even if kept in ultra-high vacuum, rapidly develop a much more complex electronic structure whose origin and properties have proved controversial. Here, we demonstrate that a conceptually simple model, implementing a semiconductor-like band bending in a parameter-free tight-binding supercell calculation, can quantitatively explain the entire measured hierarchy of electronic states. In combination with circular dichroism in angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES) experiments, we further uncover a rich three-dimensional spin texture of this surface electronic system, resulting from the non-trivial topology of the bulk band structure. Moreover, our study reveals how the full surface-bulk connectivity in topological insulators is modified by quantum confinement.Comment: 9 pages, including supplementary information, 4+4 figures. A high resolution version is available at http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/~pdk6/pub_files/TI_quant_conf_high_res.pd

Investigating the impact of poverty on colonization and infection with drug-resistant organisms in humans: a systematic review

Background Poverty increases the risk of contracting infectious diseases and therefore exposure to antibiotics. Yet there is lacking evidence on the relationship between income and non-income dimensions of poverty and antimicrobial resistance. Investigating such relationship would strengthen antimicrobial stewardship interventions. Methods A systematic review was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed, Ovid, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, CINAHL, PsychINFO, EBSCO, HMIC, and Web of Science databases were searched in October 2016. Prospective and retrospective studies reporting on income or non-income dimensions of poverty and their influence on colonisation or infection with antimicrobial-resistant organisms were retrieved. Study quality was assessed with the Integrated quality criteria for review of multiple study designs (ICROMS) tool. Results Nineteen articles were reviewed. Crowding and homelessness were associated with antimicrobial resistance in community and hospital patients. In high-income countries, low income was associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii resistance and a seven-fold higher infection rate. In low-income countries the findings on this relation were contradictory. Lack of education was linked to resistant S. pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Two papers explored the relation between water and sanitation and antimicrobial resistance in low-income settings. Conclusions Despite methodological limitations, the results suggest that addressing social determinants of poverty worldwide remains a crucial yet neglected step towards preventing antimicrobial resistance

Spatial point analysis based on dengue surveys at household level in central Brazil

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Dengue virus (DENV) affects nonimunne human populations in tropical and subtropical regions. In the Americas, dengue has drastically increased in the last two decades and Brazil is considered one of the most affected countries. The high frequency of asymptomatic infection makes difficult to estimate prevalence of infection using registered cases and to locate high risk intra-urban area at population level. The goal of this spatial point analysis was to identify potential high-risk intra-urban areas of dengue, using data collected at household level from surveys.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Two household surveys took place in the city of Goiania (~1.1 million population), Central Brazil in the year 2001 and 2002. First survey screened 1,586 asymptomatic individuals older than 5 years of age. Second survey 2,906 asymptomatic volunteers, same age-groups, were selected by multistage sampling (census tracts; blocks; households) using available digital maps. Sera from participants were tested by dengue virus-specific IgM/IgG by EIA. A Generalized Additive Model (GAM) was used to detect the spatial varying risk over the region. Initially without any fixed covariates, to depict the overall risk map, followed by a model including the main covariates and the year, where the resulting maps show the risk associated with living place, controlled for the individual risk factors. This method has the advantage to generate smoothed risk factors maps, adjusted by socio-demographic covariates.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The prevalence of antibody against dengue infection was 37.3% (95%CI [35.5–39.1]) in the year 2002; 7.8% increase in one-year interval. The spatial variation in risk of dengue infection significantly changed when comparing 2001 with 2002, (ORadjusted = 1.35; p < 0.001), while controlling for potential confounders using GAM model. Also increasing age and low education levels were associated with dengue infection.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study showed spatial heterogeneity in the risk areas of dengue when using a spatial multivariate approach in a short time interval. Data from household surveys pointed out that low prevalence areas in 2001 surveys shifted to high-risk area in consecutive year. This mapping of dengue risks should give insights for control interventions in urban areas.</p