Levantamento de plantas de baixa inflamabilidade em áreas queimadas de cerrado no Distrito Federal e análise das suas propriedades físicas

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Florestais, 2015.Os incêndios florestais se propagam principalmente através das folhas. Plantas de baixa inflamabilidade podem ser usadas para proteção contra incêndios florestais, pois dificultam a propagação do fogo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi encontrar plantas de baixa inflamabilidade. O levantamento de plantas de baixa inflamabilidade deu-se por meio do caminhamento em áreas queimadas, fotografando espécimes relativamente preservados adjacentes a vegetação consumida pelas chamas. Depois coletou-se amostras de folhas de Vochysia thyrsoidea, Palicourea rigida e Lavoisiera bergii verdes e de Echinolaena inflexa, para comparação, pois é considerada uma gramínea de alta inflamabilidade. Depois foram feitos ensaios laboratoriais para caracterização de propriedades físicas foliares, como Análise imediata, combustão e perda de massa e Análise Termo-Gravimétrica. Em comparação com E. inflexa; V. thyrsoidea, P. rigida e L. bergii apresentaram bons índices que as habilitam como espécies de baixa inflamabilidade, com destaque para P. rigida que apresentou elevado teor de umidade (173%), maior espessura (5,6mm), teor de voláteis de 76%, tempo para início das chamas de 143s, duração das chamas de 72s e temperatura onset de 245°C. Os resultados confirmaram a alta inflamabilidade de E. inflexa e a baixa inflamabilidade de V. thyrsoidea, P. rigida, e L. bergii sendo indicadas para uso em aceiros verdes.Wildfires spread mainly through the leaves. Low flammability plants can be used for protection against forest fires because hinder the spread of fire. The objective was to find low flammability plants. The survey of low flammability plants occurred by of the pathway in burned areas, photographing specimens for preserved adjacent vegetation consumed by the flames. After samples were collected sheets Vochysia thyrsoidea, Palicourea rigida Lavoisiera bergii greens and Echinolaena inflexa, for comparison, it is considered a high flammability grass. After the laboratory tests were performed for characterization of foliar physical properties such as immediate analysis, combustion and mass loss and Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis. In comparison with E. inflexa; V. thyrsoidea, P. rigida and L. bergii presented good indexes that enable them to be of low flammability species, especially P. rigida who presented high moisture content (173%), high thickness of 5,6mm, volatiles content of 76%, time to flames beginning of 143s, the flame length 72s and the t onset temperature of 245 °C. The results confirmed the high flammability of E. inflexa and low flammability of V. thyrsoidea, P. rigida and L. bergii being indicated for use in green firebreaks

Levantamento de plantas de baixa inflamabilidade em áreas queimadas de Cerrado no Distrito Federal e análise das suas propriedades físicas

The forest fres spread mainly through the surface of combustible material. Therefore, low flammability plants can be used for the protection against forest fres because these plants hinder the spread of fre. In this regard, the objective was to make a poll to fnd low flammability plants occurred in cerrado (savanna) of Distrito Federal in burned areas, and, after collecting samples, catalog their characteristics. It was done by plotting and photographing specimens of preserved adjacent vegetation consumed by the flames. Then, samples of high and low flammability leaves were collected to number their particular physical and foliar properties and make an immediate analysis. The samples classifed as low flammability plants were: Vochysia thyrsoidea, Palicourea rigida, Lavoisiera bergii. The sample of the grass Echinolaena inflexa, was considered of high flammability. Comparing the Echinolaena inflexa, Vochysia thyrsoidea, Palicourea rigida and Lavoisiera bergii, they presented good indexes that enable them to be of low flammability species, especially the Palicourea rigida which presented high moisture content (173%), higher foliar thickness (5.6 mm), volatile contents of 76% and combustion heat in the feld moisture of 1263 cal/g. The results confrmed the low flammability of Vochysia thyrsoidea, Palicourea rigida and Lavoisiera bergii being these indicated for the use in green frebreaks.Os incêndios florestais se propagam principalmente através do material combustível superficial. Portanto, plantas de baixa inflamabilidade podem ser usadas para proteção contra incêndios florestais, pois dificultam a propagação do fogo. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um levantamento de plantas de baixa inflamabilidade no cerrado do Distrito Federal e, a partir de amostras coletadas, caracterizá-las. O levantamento dessas plantas deu-se por meio do caminhamento em áreas queimadas, fotografando espécimes relativamente preservados adjacentes a vegetação consumida pelas chamas. Depois, foram coletadas amostras de folhas das espécies de baixa e de alta inflamabilidade para caracterização das propriedades físicas, foliares e análise imediata. As espécies classificadas como de baixa inflamabilidade foram Vochysia thyrsoidea, Palicourea rigida e Lavoisiera bergii. Já a gramínea Echinolaena inflexa é considerada de alta inflamabilidade. As análises mostraram que, em comparação com E. inflexa, as espécies V. thyrsoidea, P. rigida e L. bergii apresentaram bons índices que as habilitam como espécies de baixa inflamabilidade. Entre elas, P. rigida destaca-se ao apresentar elevado teor de umidade (173%), maior espessura (5,6mm), teor de voláteis de 76% e calor de combustão na umidade de campo de 1.263 cal/g. Os resultados confirmaram a baixa inflamabilidade de V. thyrsoidea, P. rigida, e L. bergii sendo estas indicadas para uso em aceiros verdes

Survey of low flammability plants in burned areas of Cerrado in the Federal District and analysis of their physical properties

Os incêndios florestais se propagam principalmente através do material combustível superficial. Portanto, plantas de baixa inflamabilidade podem ser usadas para proteção contra incêndios, pois dificultam a propagação do fogo. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um levantamento de plantas de baixa inflamabilidade no cerrado do Distrito Federal e, a partir de amostras coletadas, caracterizá-las. O levantamento dessas plantas deu-se por meio do caminhamento em áreas queimadas, fotografando espécimes relativamente preservados adjacentes à vegetação consumida pelas chamas. Depois, coletaram-se amostras de folhas das espécies de baixa e de alta inflamabilidade para caracterização das propriedades físicas, foliares e análise imediata. As espécies classificadas como de baixa inflamabilidade foram: Vochysia thyrsoidea, Palicourea rigida e Lavoisiera bergii. Já a gramínea Echinolaena inflexa foi considerada de alta inflamabilidade. As análises mostraram que, em comparação com Echinolaena inflexa, as espécies Vochysia thyrsoidea, Palicourea rigida e Lavoisiera bergii apresentaram bons índices que as habilitam como espécies de baixa inflamabilidade. Entre elas, Palicourea rigida destaca-se ao apresentar elevado teor de umidade (173%), maior espessura foliar (5,6 mm), teor de voláteis de 76% e calor de combustão na umidade de campo de 1.263 cal/g. Os resultados confirmaram a baixa inflamabilidade de Vochysia thyrsoidea, Palicourea rigida, e Lavoisiera bergii sendo estas indicadas para uso em aceiros verdes.The forest fires spread mainly through the surface of combustible material. Therefore, low flammability plants can be used for the protection against forest fires because these plants hinder the spread of fire. In this regard, the objective was to make a poll to find low flammability plants occurred in cerrado (savanna) of Distrito Federal in burned areas, and, after collecting samples, catalog their characteristics. It was done by plotting and photographing specimens of preserved adjacent vegetation consumed by the flames. Then, samples of high and low flammability leaves were collected to number their particular physical and foliar properties and make an immediate analysis. The samples classified as low flammability plants were: Vochysia thyrsoidea, Palicourea rigida, Lavoisiera bergii. The sample of the grass Echinolaena inflexa, was considered of high flammability. Comparing the Echinolaena inflexa Vochysia thyrsoidea, Palicourea rigida and Lavoisiera bergii, they presented good indexes that enable them to be of low flammability species, especially the Palicourea rigida which presented high moisture content (173%), higher foliar thickness (5.6 mm), volatile contents of 76% and combustion heat in the field moisture of 1263 cal/g. The results confirmed the low flammability of Vochysia thyrsoidea, Palicourea rigida and Lavoisiera bergii being these indicated for the use in green firebreaks

Management of the epileptic patient in the dental office: a clinical case report and brief literature review

Outpatient care of epileptic patients can be a significant challenge for dental professionals. Therefore, the present study aimed to report, through a clinical case report, the management of epileptic patients in the dental office. A 16-year-old male patient attended dental care due to tooth decay and periodontal disease. The patient routinely used 250 mg of sodium valproate once a day to control epilepsy. During the clinical and radiographic examination, it was observed the need for guidance regarding dental caries, periodontal disease, suitability of the environment, periodontal, endodontic, surgical, and restorative treatment. Care was taken regarding stress control and, the use of local anesthetics and antibiotics. Given this clinical case report, it was possible to review and act in an optimized manner in the management of epileptic patients in the dental office. The complexity of the disease, the prevalence of those affected, and compromised oral health are highlighted. Dental surgeons must be desensitized to this issue and significantly accommodate this demand from the population

Određivanje hranjivih, fizikalno-kemijskih i strukturnih svojstava ploda biljke Mauritia flexuosa i njezinih nusproizvoda u svrhu biotehnološkog razvoja održivih proizvoda

Research background. Commercialization of Mauritia flexuosa (buriti) fruits in Brazil is at an early stage. Herein, we evaluate the nutritional value of pulp, peel and endocarp samples from buriti fruits, perform macroscopic and microscopic evaluations and analyze their physicochemical properties. Experimental approach. Size and mass, pH, sugar and protein contents, soluble/insoluble fiber, total titratable acidity and energy value of the samples were analyzed. Mineral profiling was performed by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, and fatty acids and phytosterols were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Samples were also submitted to differential scanning calorimetry coupled to a thermal analyzer, and microstructure, morphology, surface and viscosity were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) with copper radiation. Rheological behavior was also studied. Results and conclusions. Lyophilized pulp had higher nutritional content of minerals, proteins, carbohydrates and energy than in natura pulp. Lyophilized pulp and its by-products showed suitable yields (>17.31%) and low aw, and potassium, manganese and monounsaturated fatty acid contents. Peels showed elevated amounts of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids and phytosterols (β-sitosterol and stigmasterol), and endothermic behavior. The reductions of calcium, magnesium and manganese ranging from 18.5 to 22.7% were observed following the lyophilization. Drying processes generated semi-crystalline powders. Both peels and endocarp contained higher amounts of insoluble fiber and lower contents of sugars. Similar results were obtained by microscopic morphological analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and XRD analysis. Pulp and endocarp exhibited pseudoplastic non-Newtonian behavior, and flow behavior index values were lower than 1, while peels presented dilatant behaviour. Thus, physicochemical and nutritional characterization of pulp and by-products, such as peels and endocarp, are essential to support scientific research and exploration of new sustainable products. Novelty and scientific contribution. Processing and conservation techniques, like lyophilization, maintain the good quality of nutritional contents and bioactive compounds of buriti whole fruits, and can be used to extend their shelf life, preserve alimentary characteristics and provide wider purposes and availability. Such parameters may generate income and food security for local and regional communities.Pozadina istraživanja. Komercijalizacija ploda biljke Mauritia flexuosa (lokalnog naziva buriti) je u Brazilu još u ranoj fazi razvoja. U ovom smo radu ispitali hranjivu vrijednost uzoraka pulpe, kore i endokarpa plodova biljke buriti, proveli makro- i mikroskopske analize te odredili fizikalno-kemijska svojstva plodova. Eksperimentalni pristup. Ispitani su veličina i masa, pH-vrijednost, udjeli šećera i proteina, omjer topljivih i netopljivih vlakana, ukupna titracijska kiselost i energetska vrijednost uzoraka. Sastav mineralnih tvari određen je rendgenskom fluorescentnom spektrometrijom, a masne kiseline i fitosteroli plinskom kromatografijom u kombinaciji s masenom spektrometrijom. Uzorci su također ispitani diferencijalnom pretražnom kalorimetrijom u kombinaciji s toplinskom analizom. Mikrostruktura, morfološka svojstva, površina i viskoznost uzoraka određeni su pretražnom elektronskom mikroskopijom i rendgenskom difrakcijom s bakrom kao izvorom zračenja. Također su istražena i reološka svojstva plodova. Rezultati i zaključci. Liofilizirana pulpa imala je veće udjele mineralnih tvari, proteina, ugljikohidrata i veću energetsku vrijednost od netretirane pulpe. Prinos liofilizirane pulpe i njezinih nusproizvoda bio je zadovoljavajući (>17,31 %), a aktivitet vode te udjeli kalija, mangana i mononezasićenih masnih kiselina bili su niski. Kora ploda imala je veće udjele zasićenih i polinezasićenih masnih kiselina i fitosterola (β-sitosterola i stigmasterola) od pulpe, te je imala endotermna svojstva. Nakon liofilizacije opaženo je smanjenje udjela kalcija, magnezija i mangana, i to od 18,5 do 22,7 %. Sušenjem je dobiven polukristalični prah. Kora i endokarp ploda sadržavali su veće količine netopljivih vlakana i manje udjele šećera. Slični su rezultati dobiveni morfološkom analizom, diferencijalnom pretražnom kalorimetrijom i rendgenskom difrakcijom. Pulpa i endokarp imali su pseudoplastične nenjutonovske značajke, vrijednosti indeksa protjecanja bile su manje od 1, dok je kora imala dilatantna svojstva. Zaklljučeno je da je određivanje fizikalno-kemijskih i hranjivih svojstava pulpe i njezinih nusproizvoda kao što su kora i endokarp nužno za podržavanje ovog znanstvenog istraživanja i razvoja novih održivih proizvoda. Novina i znanstveni doprinos. Postupci obrade i čuvanja hrane, kao što je liofilizacija, omogućuju održavanje kakvoće hranjivih sastojaka i bioaktivnih spojeva plodova biljke buriti, produžuju njihovo vrijeme skladištenja, zadržavaju prehrambene značajke i proširuju njihovu uporabu i dostupnost. Takve značajke proizvoda mogu donijeti prihod i povećati sigurnost hrane u lokalnim i regionalnim zajednicama

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality