High Rate of Viral Identification and Coinfections in Infants with Acute Bronchiolitis

OBJECTIVES: To determine the viruses and risk factors associated with hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions in infants with acute bronchiolitis.INTRODUCTION: Bronchiolitis is a major cause of morbidity in infants. Widespread use of molecular-based methods has yielded new insights about its etiology, but the impact of viral etiologies on early outcomes is still unclear.METHODS: Seventy-seven infants with bronchiolitis who were under two years of age and visited an emergency unit were included. Using molecular-based methods, samples were tested for 12 different respiratory viruses. Logistic regression models were used to identify clinical and virological variables associated with the main endpoints: hospital admission and ICU admission.RESULTS: We identified at least one virus in 93.5% of patients, and coinfections were found in nearly 40% of patients. RSV was the most common pathogen (63.6%), followed by rhinovirus (39%). Identification of RSV was only associated with an increased risk of hospital admission in the univariate model. Younger age and enterovirus infection were associated with an increased risk of hospital admission, while atopy of a first-degree relative showed a protective effect. Prematurity was associated with an increased risk of admission to the ICU. Coinfections were not associated with worse outcomes.CONCLUSIONS: Molecular-based methods resulted in high rates of viral identification but did not change the significant role of RSV in acute bronchiolitis. Younger age and enterovirus infection were risk factors for hospital admission, while prematurity appeared to be a significant risk factor for admission to the ICU in acute viral bronchiolitis.Sociedade Beneficiente Israelita Brasileira Hospital Israelita Albert EinsteinHosp Israelita Albert Einstein, Dept Saude Materno Infantil, São Paulo, BrazilHosp Israelita Albert Einstein, Ctr Pesquisa Expt, Inst Ensino & Pesquisa, São Paulo, BrazilHosp Israelita Albert Einstein, UPA, São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Virol Lab, Inst Trop Med, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Fac Med, Hosp Clin, Inst Crianca, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Fac Med, Hosp Clin, Inst Crianca, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Acurácia da mamografia espectral com contraste para seguimento de tumor residual pós-quimioterapia neoadjuvante em pacientes com câncer de mama: um estudo de viabilidade

Objetivo: avaliar a viabilidade da utilização da mamografia espectral com meio de contraste (CESM) na avaliação do tumor residual em mulheres com câncer de mama submetidas a quimioterapia neoadjuvante. Materiais e métodos: foi avaliada a concordância entre a mensuração do tumor residual na CESM e na mamografia digital (FFDM) com os dados histopatológicos de mulheres submetidas a quimioterapia neoadjuvante entre 2011 e 2013. Após as exclusões, três radiologistas analisaram oito CESMs e FFDMs separadamente. A maior dimensão do tumor residual foi considerada para comparação com os resultados histopatológicos. Concordância e correlação da CESM e FFDM com resultados histopatológicos e a concordância interobservador foram avaliadas. Resultados: a CESM teve sensibilidade, especificidade e valores preditivos positivos e negativos maiores que a FFDM - 83,33%, 100%, 100% e 66% versus 50%, 50%, 50% e 25%, respectivamente. A CESM teve correlação boa e consistente com os achados histopatológicos (coeficiente de correlação = 0,76-0,92; coeficiente de correlação intraclasse = 0,692-0,886). A correlação entre FFDM e os achados histopatológicos não foi estatisticamente significante, com consistência questionável (coeficiente de correlação intraclasse = 0,488-0,598). A concordância entre as dimensões do estudo histopatológico foi mais estreita com a CESM do que com a FFDM. A concordância interobservador foi maior na CESM (0,94) do que na FFDM (0,88). Conclusão: a CESM é viável e pode ser utilizada para avaliação de tumor residual após quimioterapia neoadjuvante. A CESM tem boa correlação e concordância com o estudo histopatológico e excelente concordância interobservador.Objective: to assess the feasibility of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) of the breast for assessing the size of residual tumors after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Materials and methods: in breast cancer patients who underwent NAC between 2011 and 2013, we evaluated residual tumor measurements obtained with CESM and full-field digital mammography (FFDM). We determined the concordance between the methods, as well as their level of agreement with the pathology. Three radiologists analyzed eight CESM and FFDM measurements separately, considering the size of the residual tumor at its largest diameter and correlating it with that determined in the pathological analysis. Interobserver agreement was also evaluated. Results: the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were higher for CESM than for FFDM (83.33%, 100%, 100%, and 66% vs. 50%, 50%, 50%, and 25%, respectively). The CESM measurements showed a strong, consistent correlation with the pathological findings (correlation coefficient = 0.76-0.92; intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.692-0.886). The correlation between the FFDM measurements and the pathological findings was not statistically significant, with questionable consistency (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.488-0.598). Agreement with the pathological findings was narrower for CESM measurements than for FFDM measurements. Interobserver agreement was higher for CESM than for FFDM (0.94 vs. 0.88). Conclusion: CESM is a feasible means of evaluating residual tumor size after NAC, showing a good correlation and good agreement with pathological findings. For CESM measurements, the interobserver agreement was excellent

Morphologic evaluation and Ca2+ mobilization by glicose and acetylcholine in human pancreatic cells

AIMS: The proposal of this study was to analyze morphology of the organelles and cytoskeleton in human pancreatic cells cultured and the mobilization of the cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]c) in response to glucose and ACh by fluorimetry method. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The cells were plated on glass coverslips, fixed and stained with a combination of fluorophores: the nuclei were stained with DAPI and mitochondria with Mytotracker Red. It was used phalloidin and the secondary antibodies Alexa Fluor conjugated green and red-fluorescent (488 and 594) to identify the protein cell actin F and type M3 muscarinic receptor respectively. The cells also were loaded with fura-2/AM to study Ca2+ mobilization. RESULTS: The human pancreatic cells show characteristics morphologically preserved with great amount of mitochondria. In region major cell density was evidenced pseudo-islets and type M3 muscarinic receptors. Through increase of [Ca2+]c due to action of glucose and ACh were shown that the cells capacity to respond to these stimuli were conserved. The elevation of the [Ca2+]c depended on concentration by glucose-induced promoting sustained phase and ACh-induced a biphasic response. CONCLUSION: The morphologic characteristics of human pancreatic cells cultured were preserved. The Ca2+ mobilization in response to glucose and ACh confirmed its functionality. The expression of the M3 muscarinic receptors in human pancreatic cell cultured was demonstrated.OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a morfologia das organelas e do citoesqueleto em células pancreáticas humanas cultivadas e a mobilização de Ca2+ em resposta à glicose e ACh por medidas fluorimétricas. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: As células foram semeadas em lamínulas, fixadas e marcadas com uma combinação de fluoróforos: o núcleo foi corado com DAPI e as mitocôndrias, com Mytotracker Red. Foram utilizados faloidina e anticorpos secundários conjugados com Alexa Fluor verde e vermelho fluorescentes (488 e 594) para identificar proteína actina F e receptor muscarínico tipo M3, respectivamente. Para estudar a mobilização de Ca2+, as células foram incubadas com fura-2/AM. RESULTADOS: As células pancreáticas humanas apresentaram morfologia preservada com grande quantidade de mitocôndrias. Na região de maior densidade celular, evidenciou-se as pseudo-ilhotas e os receptores muscarínicos M3. Por meio da elevação da [Ca2+]c, devido à ação da glicose e ACh, mostrou-se preservação da capacidade responsiva a esses estímulos e foi dependente de concentração desses agonistas. A glicose promoveu uma resposta sustentada e a ACh induziu uma resposta bifásica. CONCLUSÃO: As células pancreáticas humanas cultivadas conservaram sua morfologia. A mobilização de Ca2+ em resposta à glicose e a ACh confirma a sua funcionalidade. Os receptores muscarínicos M3 estão presentes nessas células.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)UNIFESP-EPM Departamento de BiofísicaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de BiofísicaSciEL

Development of experimental in vitro burn model

PURPOSE:To propose an experimental burn model in NIH-3T3 cell line.METHODS: Induction of thermal injury in cultures of mouse fibroblast - NIH-3T3- cell line and determination of cell viability by MTT and imunofluorescence.RESULTS: The heating of the Petri dish increased proportionally to the temperature of the base and the time of exposure to microwave. In this in vitro burn model, using the cell line NIH-3T3 was observed drastic cellular injury with significant changes in cell viability and activity. It showed drastically modified cell morphology with altered membrane, cytoskeleton and nucleus, and low cellularity compared to the control group.CONCLUSION: The burn model in vitro using the cell line NIH-3T3 was reproductive and efficient. This burn model was possible to determine significant changes in cell activity and decreased viability, with drastic change in morphology, cell lysis and death.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz Department of Biological SciencesUNIFESPUNIFESPSciEL

Estudo correlacional entre a seção cinco e demais seções da lista de checagem do teste MABC

Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is characterized by motors difficulties that interfere straightly in their daily and academics activities. This study objective was to check the correlation between fifth section the others sections of the MABC checklist filled out by classroom and physical education teachers. The sample was composed by 24 teachers, 15 of classroom and 9 of physical education, and, 47 children between 7 and 8-years-old. The instrument used was MABC checklist. The results showed that to 7 years-old the checklist filled out by classroom teachers didn’t show significant correlation (rs = ,25), however, the checklist filled out by physical education teachers showed significant correlation (rs = ,67). For 8-years-old, the correlations was significant, rs = ,55 to checklist classroom teachers, and rs = ,87 to checklist physical education teachers. So, in conclusion, the results found in this study might be influenced by the lack of experience and training of the classroom teachers in how to observe children in movement, and besides, there was a tendency towards in physical education teacher, that shows he is the most indicated for the application of the checklist.Transtorno do Desenvolvimento da Coordenação (TDC) é caracterizado por dificuldades motoras que interferem diretamente nas atividades diárias e escolares de crianças e adolescentes. Este estudo teve por objetivo verificar a correlação entre a 5ª seção e demais seções das listas de checagem do teste MABC preenchidas por professores de sala de aula (PSA) e de educação física (PEF). A amostra foi composta por 24 professores (15 de sala de aula e 9 de educação física) e ainda, 47 crianças entre 7 e 8 anos de idade. O instrumento utilizado foi a lista de checagem do teste MABC. Os resultados indicaram que para a idade de sete anos as listas preenchidas pelo PSA não apresentaram correlação significativa (rs = ,,25), porém, as listas preenchidas pelo PEF apresentaram correlação significativa (rs = ,67). Já para a idade de 8 anos as correlações foram significativas, tanto para o PSA (rs = ,55) quanto para o PEF (rs = ,87). ). Assim, conclui-se que os resultados encontrados podem ter influência da falta de treinamento e da inexperiência dos professores de sala em observar a criança em movimento, e ainda, houve uma tendência na direção do PEF como profissional mais indicado para a aplicação da lista de checagem

Basidiocarp structures of Lentinus crinitus: an antimicrobial source against foodborne pathogens and food spoilage microorganisms

Lentinus crinitus basidiocarps are an alternative to antimicrobials, but the stipe (24% basidiocarp) is discarded even with potential antimicrobial activity. This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of L. crinitus basidiocarp pileus and stipe extracts against foodborne pathogens and food spoilage microorganisms. Basidiocarps of L. crinitus were grown in sugarcane bagasse and rice husks and the pileus and stipe methanolic extract was analyzed by broth microdilution method for antimicrobial activity against eight bacteria and eight fungi. The minimum bactericidal concentration values for pileus and stipe ranged from 0.40 to 0.50 mg mL− 1, for streptomycin from 0.10 to 0.50 mg mL− 1, and for ampicillin from 0.40 to 1.20 mg mL− 1. The minimum fungicidal concentration values for pileus and stipe ranged from 0.06 to 0.60 mg mL− 1, for bifonazole from 0.20 to 0.25 mg mL− 1, and for ketoconazole from 0.30 to 3.50 mg mL− 1. Extracts had bacteriostatic, bactericidal, fungistatic and fungicidal activity against all microorganisms, but with greater efficiency and specificity for some microorganisms. Both pileus and stipe are promising and sustainable alternatives for use in food, agricultural, and pharmaceutical industries.The authors thank Paranaense University, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) -finance code 001-, Fundação Araucária, and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for the financial support, Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development (Contract No. 451-03-9/2021-14/200007), and Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) and FEDER, under Programme PT2020 for financial support to CIMO (UID/AGR/00690/2020), the national funding by FCT, P.I., through the institutional scientific employment program-contract for L. Barros contracts. This work was supported by Paranaense University, Fundação Araucária, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) of Brazil, Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of Serbia (Contract No. 451-03-9/2021-14/200007), and Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) and FEDER under Programme PT2020 for financial support to CIMO (UID/AGR/00690/2020); the national funding by FCT, P.I., through the institutional scientific employment program-contract for L. Barros contracts.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Oral ulcerative lesions in a post-liver-transplantation patient

Oral involvement is rarely found in histoplasmosis, except in its disseminated form, which is mostly observed in the severely immunocompromised host. Herein, we presented the case of a 36-year-old female with a previous history of liver transplant, who was hospitalized due to fever, chills, night sweats, diarrhea, and painful oral lesions over the last 3 days. The oral examination revealed the presence of painful shallow ulcers lined by a pseudomembrane in the gingiva and the soft and hard palate. The initial working diagnosis comprised cytomegalovirus reactivation or herpes simplex virus infection. The diagnostic work-up included incisional biopsies of the gingiva and the sigmoid colon. Both biopsies confirmed the diagnosis of histoplasmosis. Intravenous itraconazole was administered with significant improvement after 7 days. Although oral involvement is rare, histoplasmosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of oral lesions, particularly when the patient is immunosuppressed. This study reports a rare presentation of histoplasmosis involving the mucosa of the oral cavity and the colon

O homem pedagogo e o mercado de trabalho: oportunidades e desafios

O presente artigo é fruto da vivência em espaços escolares e não escolares, buscando compreender, a partir da ótica da categoria gênero, o homem quando pedagogo e o mercado de trabalho desta formação, mostrando os desafios e as oportunidades desse profissional em dois municípios da Região Sul Fluminense do Rio de Janeiro. Os procedimentos teórico-metodológicos adotados estão subsidiados em princípios de pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo, apontando uma análise quantitativa e qualitativa na qual se refere o assunto abordado. Neste percurso, buscou-se comparar as mudanças nas legislações educacionais, Diretrizes Curriculares de Pedagogia e a Resolução CNE/CP 01/2006, que conduz o curso de pedagogia a outras áreas do mercado, e não somente à docência da educação básica. Esta pesquisa apresenta os diferentes campos de atuação dos formados em pedagogia e a significância da discussão da questão da ótica voltada ao gênero masculino em uma profissão maciçamente feminina, seguidamente de reflexão sobre as oportunidades e desafios do profissional pedagogo frente ao mercado de trabalho. Os resultados são expressivos e não se esgotam essa discussão, pois este não é o objetivo, mas o que salienta é propiciar uma reflexão bem fundamentada e embasada por pressupostos teóricos acerca das oportunidades dos homens que escolhem o curso de pedagogia e os desafios diante desta escolha. &nbsp

Atividade biológica do lapachol e de alguns derivados sobre o desenvolvimento fúngico e em germinação de sementes

The natural quinones lapachol, α-lapachone and β-lapachone, and the synthetic derivative β-lapachone-3-sulfonic-acid were assayed for inhibition of fungal growth (Fusarium oxysporum) and germination of lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa L.). β-Lapachone has the strongest activity as a germination inhibitor and lapachol shows no effect. β-Lapachone, followed by lapachol, are the most active in reducing fungal growth

Respostas morfofisiológicas de Setaria viridis ao estresse por frio

The objective of this work was to determine the suitability of Setaria viridis as a model plant in studies to validate candidate genes for cold tolerance by evaluating the response of two of its accessions to different durations of abrupt or gradual cold stress in the vegetative and reproductive stages. Plants of accessions A10.1 and Ast-1, cultivated at 25°C, were subjected to the following cold stress treatments: gradual reduction in temperature from 25 to 0°C, 5°C at a time, every 24 hours in a same chamber; or abrupt reduction in temperature, by transferring plants from a chamber at 25°C to another at 0°C. Plants were kept at 0°C for 3, 5, or 10 days, after which temperature was increased back again to 25°C; a control group remained at 25ºC. Low temperatures – reduced abruptly or gradually – caused a decrease in the gas exchange rates and shoot and root biomass of the plants, besides damage to their photochemical apparatus; the longer the cold lasted, the more pronounced the effect was. Regardless of stress duration, plants recovered and completed their life cycle. The studied accessions are tolerant to cold and, therefore, are not suitable as a model plant in studies to validate candidate genes for cold tolerance.O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a adequação de Setaria viridis como planta modelo em estudos de validação de genes candidatos à tolerância ao frio, ao avaliar a resposta de dois de seus acessos a diferentes durações de estresse por frio abrupto ou gradual, nas fases vegetativa e reprodutiva. Plantas dos acessos A10.1 e Ast-1, cultivadas a 25°C, foram submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos de estresse por frio: redução gradual da temperatura de 25 a 0°C, 5°C de cada vez, a cada 24 horas, em única câmera; ou redução abrupta da temperatura, pela transferência das plantas de uma câmera a 25°C para outra a 0°C. As plantas foram mantidas a 0°C por 3, 5, ou 10 dias, após os quais a temperatura foi aumentada novamente para 25°C; um grupo controle permaneceu a 25ºC. As baixas temperaturas – reduzidas gradual ou abruptamente – causaram redução nas taxas de troca gasosa e na biomassa da parte aérea e da raiz das plantas, além de prejuízos ao seu aparato fotoquímico; quanto mais o frio durou, mais pronunciado o efeito foi. Independentemente da duração do estresse, as plantas se recuperaram e completaram seu ciclo de vida. Os acessos estudados são tolerantes ao frio, e, portanto, não são adequados como planta modelo em estudos para validação de genes candidatos de tolerância ao frio