Psychosocial impact of undergoing prostate cancer screening for men with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations.

OBJECTIVES: To report the baseline results of a longitudinal psychosocial study that forms part of the IMPACT study, a multi-national investigation of targeted prostate cancer (PCa) screening among men with a known pathogenic germline mutation in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes. PARTICPANTS AND METHODS: Men enrolled in the IMPACT study were invited to complete a questionnaire at collaborating sites prior to each annual screening visit. The questionnaire included sociodemographic characteristics and the following measures: the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Impact of Event Scale (IES), 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36), Memorial Anxiety Scale for Prostate Cancer, Cancer Worry Scale-Revised, risk perception and knowledge. The results of the baseline questionnaire are presented. RESULTS: A total of 432 men completed questionnaires: 98 and 160 had mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, respectively, and 174 were controls (familial mutation negative). Participants' perception of PCa risk was influenced by genetic status. Knowledge levels were high and unrelated to genetic status. Mean scores for the HADS and SF-36 were within reported general population norms and mean IES scores were within normal range. IES mean intrusion and avoidance scores were significantly higher in BRCA1/BRCA2 carriers than in controls and were higher in men with increased PCa risk perception. At the multivariate level, risk perception contributed more significantly to variance in IES scores than genetic status. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to report the psychosocial profile of men with BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations undergoing PCa screening. No clinically concerning levels of general or cancer-specific distress or poor quality of life were detected in the cohort as a whole. A small subset of participants reported higher levels of distress, suggesting the need for healthcare professionals offering PCa screening to identify these risk factors and offer additional information and support to men seeking PCa screening

O hipogeu campaniforme do Convento do Carmo (Torres Novas): principais resultados dos trabalhos de escavação

The discovery of a Bell Beaker hypogeum in 2012 during archaeological surveying of restauration works at the Convento do Carmo (Torres Novas) triggered systematic excavations which would take place between August 2014 and January 2015. Although severely affected by successive buildings, this hypogeum (formed by a single gallery with a central pillar) revealed very relevant elements for the study of the Bell Beaker populations. The osteological analysis of human remains indicated a minimum number of 15 individuals (eleven matures and four immatures) including at least five males and five females. Funerary practices involved primary depositions of the dead followed by the creation of ossuaries. Graves goods include Bell Beaker pots (international and plain) and common pottery, metal objects (weapons and adornments in copper and gold), bone and ivory buttons, and beads (in minerals and shells of Trivia sp.). Presently there is a large set of studies and laboratorial analyses being carried out aiming at an exhibition of the finds and the publishing of a site monograph, all supported by the local municipality.A descoberta de um hipogeu campaniforme em 2012, durante o acompanhamento das obras de recuperação do edifício do Convento do Carmo (Torres Novas), desencadeou trabalhos de escavação sistemática que viriam a ter lugar entre agosto de 2014 e janeiro de 2015. Apesar de muito afetado pela construção de sucessivos edifícios de época histórica no local, este hipogeu (formado por uma única galeria com pilar central) continha elementos muito relevantes para o estudo das populações campaniformes. A análise osteológica dos restos humanos indicou um número mínimo de quinze indivíduos (onze maturos e quatro imaturos), entre os quais há pelo menos cinco masculinos e cinco femininos. As práticas funerárias terão envolvido deposições primárias seguidas da criação de ossários. As oferendas incluem cerâmica campaniforme (internacional e lisa) e cerâmica comum, objetos em metal (armas e adornos em cobre e ouro), botões em osso e marfim, e contas de colar (em minerais e conchas de Trivia sp.). Neste momento está em curso um conjunto alargado de estudos e análises laboratoriais tendo em vista a inauguração de uma exposição temática e a publicação de uma monografia de sítio, iniciativas que são apoiadas pela Câmara Municipal de Torres Novas

Cisplatin plus irinotecan in the treatment of gallbladder or biliary tract cancer: a randomized phase II trial (NCT01859728).

Sem informação344Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposiu

Computer-aided design finite element modeling of different approaches to rehabilitate endodontically treated teeth

Background: Carious lesions and dental fractures cause weakening in the dental structure. In these situations, endodontic treatment and prosthetic rehabilitation using an intraradicular post are indicated. However, the postspace preparation of the root canal further weakens the dental remnant, especially if there is no ferrule present. This study aimed to evaluate the stress distribution in endodontically treated upper premolars treated with different rehabilitation approaches. Materials and Methods: An endodontically treated first upper premolar was modeled for finite element analysis. Three different approaches were carried out on this model: rehabilitation with fiberglass post (FCP), endocrown (ECW), or buildup. The models were exported in STEP format to the analysis software (ANSYS 17.2, ANSYS Inc., Houston, TX, USA). The solids were considered isotropic, homogeneous, and linearly elastic. A mechanical, structural static analysis was used as the criterion of maximum principal stress to show regions under tensile stress to evaluate the stress distribution in the restoration, cementation line, and root. A load of 400 N (90°) was applied to the lingual triangular ridge. The values of maximum principal stress in MPa were evaluated through colorimetric graphs. Results: Similar stress concentration was observed for all groups. However, the ECW group presented higher values in the restoration/cement interface and root dentin. Conclusions: All the treatment modalities had favorable mechanical behavior to support the masticatory loads; nevertheless, the ECW group presented a higher risk of detachment failure

Mechanical behavior of conceptual posterior dental crowns with functional elasticity gradient

Purpose: To evaluate the biomechanical behavior of monolithic ceramic crowns with functional elasticity gradient. Methods: Using a CAD software, a lower molar received a full-crown preparation (1.5 mm occlusal and axial reduction). The monolithic crown was modeled with a resin cement layer of 0.1 mm. Four groups were distributed according to the full crown elastic modulus (E):(a) Bioinspired crown with decreasing elastic modulus (from 90 to 30GPa); (b) Crown with increasing elastic modulus (from 30 to 90 GPa); (c) Rigid crown (90 GPa) and (d) Flexible crown (30 GPa). The model was exported to the analysis software and meshed into 385.240 tetrahedral elements and 696.310 nodes. Materials were considered isotropic, linearly elastic, and homogeneous, with ideal contacts. A 300-N load was applied at the occlusal surface and the base of the model was fixed in all directions. The results were required in maximum principal stress criterion. Results: Crowns consisting of layers with increasing elastic modulus presented intermediate results between the rigid and flexible crowns. Compared to the flexible crown, the bioinspired crown showed acceptable stress distribution across the structure with lower stress concentration in the tooth. In dental crowns the multilayer structure with functional elasticity gradient modifies the stress distribution in the restoration, with promising results for bioinspired design

Influence of different post-endodontic restorations on the fatigue survival and biomechanical behavior of central incisors

Purpose: To evaluate the influence of different post-endodontic techniques on the fatigue survival and biomechanical behavior of crowned restored central incisors. Methods: The crowns of 69 bovine incisors were cut, and the roots were treated endodontically and assigned randomly into three groups (n=23): resin composite buildup (BUP), glass fiber post-retained resin composite buildup (GFP), and cast post-and-core (CPC). They received full crown preparation with 2 mm ferrule, and a leucite-reinforced ceramic crown was cemented adhesively. Three specimens from each group were tested monotonically. The remaining specimens were subjected to the stepwise stress fatigue test until fracture or suspension after 1.5 × 106 cycles in a chewing simulator. The load and step at which each specimen failed were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier and Mantel-Cox (log-rank test) statistics, followed by multiple pairwise comparisons, at 5% significance level. The three groups tested (BUP, GFP, and CPC) were 3D modeled (Rhinoceros 4.0) and the maximum principal stress (MPa) criteria were used to calculate the results using FEA. Results: There was no statistical difference between the treatments regarding the load or the number of cycles (Mantel-Cox log-rank test for trend, X2= 0.015, df=l, P= 0.901, X2 =3.171, df=l, P= 0.995). Crown cracks were the predominant failure mode, and oblique root fractures were only observed in groups GFP and CPC. In endodontically treated incisors with a 2-mm ferrule, the post-endodontic treatment had no significant effect on fatigue survival. Non-restorable fractures only occurred in teeth restored with posts