The World Exhibitions and the display of science, technology and culture: moving boundaries

From the moment the first World Exhibition was held in London, in 1851, these events have served as “windows” to scientific, technological and industrial progress, allowing the circulation and the disclosure of this change, either directly to visitors or through media publications worldwide. Under the realisation of these world events, which attracted many travellers, exhibitions enabled the parallel organisation of international conferences and congresses of professionals both in science and in industry, engineering and architecture

The 19th century World Exhibitions and their photographic memories. Between historicism, exoticism and innovation in architecture

Peer Reviewe

Synthesis of the Arts: The Project of Architecture in its Relation with the Process of Design. Carlos Tojal, Manuel Moreira and Carlos Roxo (1960- 1974): Multiplano, a case study.

Within the Theory and History of Material Culture, as well as the Theory of Design, this project relies not on essayistic, but on historiographical based investigation, strongly founded in documental sources. Aiming to reveal inedited documentation, actions and agents witch may contribute to the comprehension of the place of design, has of the culture of project oriented thought within the Portuguese context, it assumes as its object of study the architecture studio Multiplano – therefore, framing the problem of Design in Portugal from its process point of view, rather than from its object. Established in Lisbon around 1972 by the architects Carlos Tojal (1929-2015), Manuel Moreira (b.1933) and Carlos Roxo (b.1935), three architects known by the “Three Wonders” epithet, Multiplano and its interveners guard witness to several moments of national projectual culture. Between 1961 and 1974, Tojal, Moreira and Roxo have jointly developed a vast and coherent project-oriented and ideological body of products: demarcating up from Beaux-Arts contemplation, ideal Deco, or Modernist interactions to embrace projectual materialist dialectics, extending yet the concept of useful by structurally integrating artistic thinking along the social utopia of design; to be later overtaken by market.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A Pipeline for Clustering by Compression with Application to Patient Stratification in Spondyloarthritis

Funding Information: The authors acknowledge Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, LASIGE Research Unit, ref. UIDB/00408/2020 and ref. UIDP/00408/2020 and Instituto de Telecomunicações Research Unit, ref. UIDB/50008/2020, and UIDP/50008/2020. The authors also acknowledge the Project PREDICT (PTDC/CCI-CIF/29877/2017), funded by Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER), through Programa Operacional Regional LISBOA (LISBOA2020), and by national funds, through Fundacção para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), and projects MATISSE (DSAIPA/DS/0026/2019), MONET (PTDC/CCI-BIO/4180/2020) and SmartGlauco (PTDC/CTM-REF/2679/2020). Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the authors.The normalized compression distance (NCD) is a similarity measure between a pair of finite objects based on compression. Clustering methods usually use distances (e.g., Euclidean distance, Manhattan distance) to measure the similarity between objects. The NCD is yet another distance with particular characteristics that can be used to build the starting distance matrix for methods such as hierarchical clustering or K-medoids. In this work, we propose Zgli, a novel Python module that enables the user to compute the NCD between files inside a given folder. Inspired by the CompLearn Linux command line tool, this module iterates on it by providing new text file compressors, a new compression-by-column option for tabular data, such as CSV files, and an encoder for small files made up of categorical data. Our results demonstrate that compression by column can yield better results than previous methods in the literature when clustering tabular data. Additionally, the categorical encoder shows that it can augment categorical data, allowing the use of the NCD for new data types. One of the advantages is that using this new feature does not require knowledge or context of the data. Furthermore, the fact that the new proposed module is written in Python, one of the most popular programming languages for machine learning, potentiates its use by developers to tackle problems with a new approach based on compression. This pipeline was tested in clinical data and proved a promising computational strategy by providing patient stratification via clusters aiding in precision medicine.publishersversionpublishe

Nanofósseis Calcários do Testemunho 45, Cruzeiro 0775 da Série "Ara Islas Orcadas", Banco Maurice Ewing, Antártica. Sistemática e Diagênese Primária

O emprego do microscópio eletrônico de varredura permitiu a realização de um estudo sistemático detalhado dos nanofósseis calcários do testemunho nº 45 localizado no Banco Maurice Ewing-Antártica. A avaliação do grau de preservação destes microfósseis possibilitou interpretações do comportamento das espécies com relação á dissolução “in situ” e à reprecipitação do esqueleto de calcita, resultantes da diagênese primária. Ao mesmo tempo foram feitas observações referentes ao supercrescimento secundário de calcita com fator limitante mais frequente na identificação das espécies

Reconhecimento das Zonas Chiasmolithus altus e Emiliania huxleyi, Nanofósseis Calcários do Banco Maurice Ewing, Antártica

O estudo sobre os nanofósseis calcários do testemunho 43, localizado no Banco Maurice Ewing, Antártica, possibilitou o reconhecimento do taxon endêmico Chiasmolithus altus Bukry & Percival, 1971, exclusivo da região austral e do taxon cosmopolita Emiliania huxleyi (Lohmann, 1902) Hay & Mohler, 1967. Ao mesmo tempo foram reconhecidas parte de duas zonas bioestratigráficas: a Zona Chiasmolithus altus de Wise Jr., 1983 (Oligoceno inferior, parte superior) e a Zona Emiliania huxleyi de Wise Jr. & Wind, 1977 (Holoceno) e apresentada a distribuição dos taxa identificados através destas zonas. A grande quantidade de escudos distais de placolitos encontrados nos sedimentos correspondentes à Zona Chiasmolithus altus, e que caracterizam a zona mesolítica (uma subdivisão da Zona de profundidade de compensação da calcita), permitiu inferir que os mesmo foram depositados logo acima da lisóclina. Foi proposta uma correlação de parte da Zona Chiasmolithus altus de Wise Jr., 1983 com a Zona Sphenolithus distentus (base) e a Zona Sphenolithus ciperoensis (topo) de Burkry, 1973 correspondentes ao Oligoceno inferior (parte superior). Foram detectadas evidências de dissolução e indícios do clima frio, durante o Oligoceno, que afetaram mais a assembleia localizada na base do testemunho 43 do que a assembleia do topo, comprometendo o estado de preservação dos nanofósseis calcários. Foi observada, da mesma forma, a baixa diversidade das espécies nas duas assembleias analisadas

Preparation of polymeric nanoparticles from pre-formed polymers: part II

Polymeric nanoparticles have been produced by pre-formed polymers using aliphatic polyesters, which have been widely used to incorporate lipophilic drugs. The production of nanoparticles (nanospheres and nanocapsules) by pre-formed polymers can be performed by emulsification-solvent evaporation, solvent replacement, salting out or by emulsification-solvent diffusion. These methods are reviewed and discussed in this article, highlighting the technological parameters that influence the physicochemical characteristics of nanoparticles, such as the solubility of drug, the volume and pH of polymerization, the molecular weight and monomer concentration and the nature and concentration of the surfactant.Nanopartículas poliméricas produzidas a partir de polímeros pré-formados, como os poliésteres alifáticos, têm sido amplamente utilizadas para incorporar, principalmente, princípios ativos lipofílicos. A produção das nanopartículas (nanocápsulas e nanosferas) por polímeros pré-formados pode ser realizada por emulsificação-evaporação do solvente, por deslocamento do solvente, por salting-out ou por emulsificação-difusão do solvente. Estes métodos de produção estão revisados e descritos neste artigo, evidenciando os parâmetros tecnológicos que interferem nas características físico-químicas das nanopartículas, como a solubilidade do princípio ativo, o volume e pH do meio de polimerização, a massa molar e concentração do monômero e a natureza e concentração do tensoativo.101106Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Analysis of in vivo absorption of didanosine tablets in male adult dogs by HPLC

AbstractDidanosine is an effective antiviral drug in untreated and antiretroviral therapy-experienced patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). An automated system using on-line solid extraction and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet (UV) detection was developed and validated for pharmacokinetic analysis of didanosine in dog plasma. Modifications were introduced on a previous methodology for simultaneous analysis of antiretroviral drugs in human plasma. Extraction was carried out on C18 cartridges, with high extraction yield as stationary phase, whereas mobile phase consisted of a mixture of 0.02 M potassium phosphate buffer, acetonitrile (KH2PO4: acetonitrile: 96:4, v/v) and 0.5% (w/v) of heptane sulphonic acid. The pH was adjusted to 6.5 with triethylamine. All samples and standard solutions were chromatographed at 28°C. For an isocratic run, the flux was 1.0mL/min, detection was at 250nm and injected volume was 20μL. The method was selective and linear for concentrations between 50 and 5000ng/mL. Drug stability data ranged from 96% to 98%, and limit of quantification was 25ng/mL. Extraction yield was up to 95%. Drug stability in dog plasma was kept frozen at −20°C for one month after three freeze–thaw cycles, and for 24h after processing in the auto sampler. Assay was successfully applied to measure didanosine concentrations in plasma dogs

Da formação básica à prática docente: qual a percepção do professor sobre a superdotação?

The exercise of the teaching profession in the area of High Abilities/Giftness is challenging and requires training concerned with this theme. In this context, this research investigates the perception of High Abilities/Giftness, in the field of exact and earth sciences, together with two groups of actors: undergraduates and in-service teachers. The work makes a comparison between the researched groups with the purpose of verifying if the teaching practice and the subsequent formations modify the teacher's perception regarding the AH/G. Aspects of teacher training courses in Brazil are also observed, reflected in the knowledge and skills demonstrated by the teacher and their conceptions of the subject. 56 participants from the field of exact and earth sciences participated in the survey. The public opinion survey with unidentified participants was concerned with obtaining a diverse sample and the data were treated qualitatively and quantitatively. Gauthier, Tardif, Perrenoud, Renzulli, Fleith, Reis, Amaral, Bahiense, Rossetti, Delou, Virgolim and Pérez were some of the authors who supported the discussions of this work. Based on the answers obtained, it could be verified that in both groups surveyed, knowledge of  AH/G was superficial and that teaching practice, as well as subsequent training, has not brought an adequate perception of giftedness.O exercício da profissão docente na área das Altas Habilidades/Superdotação é desafiador e requer uma formação preocupada com essa temática. Nesse contexto, esta pesquisa investiga a percepção das Altas Habilidades/Superdotação, na área de ciências exatas e da terra, junto a dois grupos de atores: licenciandos e professores em exercício. O trabalho faz um comparativo entre os grupos pesquisados com a finalidade de verificar se a prática docente e as formações subsequentes modificam a percepção do professor no que diz respeito às AH/S. Observam-se, ainda, aspectos dos cursos de formação docente no Brasil, refletidos no conhecimento e competências demonstrados pelo professor e suas concepções do assunto. Participaram da pesquisa 56 participantes da área de ciências exatas e da terra. A pesquisa de opinião pública com participantes não identificados se preocupou em obter uma amostra diversificada e os dados foram tratados qualitativa e quantitativamente. Gauthier, Tardif, Perrenoud, Renzulli, Fleith, Reis, Amaral, Bahiense, Rossetti, Delou, Virgolim e Pérez foram alguns dos autores que embasaram as discussões desse trabalho. Diante das respostas obtidas pôde-se apurar que em ambos os grupos pesquisados o conhecimento das AH/S se mostrou superficial e que a prática docente, bem como capacitações posteriores não têm trazido a percepção adequada da superdotação

Biodegradable synthetic polymers: raw-materials and production methods of microparticles for drug delivery and controlled release

Micropartículas produzidas a partir de polímeros sintéticos têm sido amplamente utilizadas na área farmacêutica para encapsulação de princípios ativos. Essas micropartículas apresentam as vantagens de proteção do princípio ativo, mucoadesão e gastrorresistência, melhor biodisponibilidade e maior adesão do paciente ao tratamento. Além disso, utiliza menores quantidade de princípio ativo para obtenção do efeito terapêutico proporcionando diminuição dos efeitos adversos locais, sistêmicos e menor toxidade. Os polímeros sintéticos empregados na produção das micropartículas são classificados biodegradáveis ou não biodegradáveis, sendo os biodegradáveis mais utilizados por não necessitam ser removidos cirurgicamente após o término de sua ação. A produção das micropartículas poliméricas sintéticas para encapsulação tanto de ativos hidrofílicos quanto hidrofóbicos pode ser emulsificação por extração e/ou evaporação do solvente; coacervação; métodos mecânicos e estão revisados neste artigo evidenciando as vantagens, desvantagens e viabilidade de cada metodologia. A escolha da metodologia e do polímero sintético a serem empregados na produção desse sistema dependem da aplicação terapêutica requerida, bem como a simplicidade, reprodutibilidade e factibilidade do aumento de escala da produção.Microparticles produced from synthetic polymers have been widely used in the pharmaceutical field for encapsulation of drugs. These microparticles show several advantages such as drug protection, mucoadhesion, gastro-resistance, improved bioavailability and increased patient's compliance. In addition, it is possible to use lower amount of drug to achieve therapeutic efficiency with reduced local/systemic adverse side effects and low toxicity. Synthetic polymers used for the production of microparticles are classified as biodegradable or non-biodegradable, being the former more popular since these do not need to be removed after drug release. Production of polymeric microparticles can be used for encapsulation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, by emulsification following solvent extraction/evaporation, coacervation, methods that are revised in this paper, including advantages, disadvantages and viability of each methodology. Selection of methodology and synthetic polymer depends of the therapeutic purpose, as well as simplicity, reproducibility and possibility to scale up