O justo cívico em Ethica Nicomachea V.6

The present study aims at understanding how Ethica Nicomachea V.6 relates to its preceding chapters, V.1-5. On the one hand, the interpreter wonders for what purpose Aristotle introduces a topic named ‘the civic just’ (to politikon dikaion) in V.6, since V.1-5 treats extensively of matters of justice in the city. On the other hand, the same text posits that there is a certain ‘just without qualification’ (to haplōs dikaion), which may or may not be the civic just itself; compared to the just without qualification, other forms of just are so by similitude (kath’homoiteta). In attempting to clear the confusion around those two points, the present study proposes the following: (1) the civic just is the just without qualification insofar as it is the primordial form of the just, in which only humans who are cumulatively free, equals and self-sufficient have a share; (2) the description of the civic just recapitulates several aspects of the discussions of justice in V.1-5 – the laws, the kinds of equality, rule, the legal suit - because the civic just encompasses all the forms of just (dikaion) related to the virtues of universal justice (V.1) and partial justice (V.2-5); (3) the expression to politikon dikaion is introduced in V.6 in order to contrast everything treated in V.1-5 with the domestic just, to oikonomikon dikaion, mentioned for the first time in V.6; (4) the forms of the domestic just are just only by similitude with the civic just because justice loses density outside the civic sphere, a situation which can be explained by the shortcomings Aristotle ascribes to women, children and slaves in EN V.6 (lack either of freedom or equality or yet self-sufficiency) as well as in Politica I (varying degrees of defective deliberation and virtue)

Kalokagathia, a virtude da alma humana : uma leitura de Ethica Eudemia VIII.3

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Evidence from a Mediterranean country

ousa, D., Cruz-Jesus, F., Sousa, A., & Painho, M. (2021). A multivariate approach to assess the structural determinants of large wildfires: Evidence from a Mediterranean country. International Journal Of Wildland Fire, 30(4), 241-254. https://doi.org/10.1071/WF20119This paper analyses the factors behind wildfire propagation in a Mediterranean European country, Portugal, using a set of variables related to vegetation and climatic, topography and human aspects. Spatial cluster analysis was used to find homogeneous regions, and two-part regression models were used to model the contribution of the different elements driving extensive fire propagation. Our findings confirm the presence of spatial variability in the contribution exerted by most structural factors driving large wildfire spread. Additionally, the results of this study show that vegetation types, in particular the presence of shrubs, and a lack of human activities, such as agriculture, represent the main factors facilitating fire spread in this region, corroborating information from previous work. This research provides relevant input for implementation in different fields, from large fire awareness and prevention to the development of wildfire policies, as well as addressing methodological concerns in fire danger and fire risk analyses.publishersversionpublishe

Thoughts on Leo Strauss's Interpretation of Aristotle's Natural Right Teaching

The essay discusses the interpretation of Aristotle's natural right teaching by Leo Strauss. This interpretation ought to be seen as the result of an investigation into the history of philosophy and of an attempt to philosophically address political problems. By virtue of this twofold origin, the Straussian commentary is unorthodox: it deviates from traditional Aristotelianism (Aquinas and Averroes) and it seems alien to the text of the Nicomachean Ethics. Strauss's criticism of medieval variants results from their incapacity—shared by contemporary political thought—to address a perplexing issue: political exception. He sees in Aristotle's political teaching a way to escape from this failure: the unification, in natural right, of the requirements of statesmanship and ethics. The discovery of this way allowed Strauss to produce an interpretation of natural right that articulates important points pertaining to Aristotelian political science

A Justiça Parcial e a Ganância enquanto virtude e vício do caráter na Ética a Nicômaco: ação interpessoal, emoção e prazer

The aim of this paper is to study a set of three issues related to the understanding of partial justice and partial injustice as character dispositions, namely the distinctive circumstance of action, the emotion involved therein and the pleasure or pain following it. Those points are treated in a relatively obscure way by Aristotle, especially in comparison with their treatment in the expositions of other character virtues in the Nicomachean Ethics. Building on the expression ‘capacity towards the other’ (δύναμις ἐν τῷ πρὸς ἕτερον), the paper highlights the interpersonal nature of the circumstances of just and unjust actions, and points how such nature is directly related to notions such as ‘profit’ (κέρδος) or ‘getting more’(πλεονεκτεῖν) as well as to the unusual conception of excess, defect and intermediacy in Nicomachean Ethics Book V. The interpersonal nature of just and unjust actions works also as the starting-point for the interpretation both of the pleasure briefly mentioned in 1130b4 as characterizing the greedy person and of the emotion involved in acting justly or greedy, which is mentioned in an extremely elliptical way in 1130b1-2: the paper argues, on the one hand, that the pleasure felt in acting justly or unjustly concerns not only the goods that are the object of just or unjust interactions, but also the way such interactions affect the people involved; on the other hand, it argues that the emotion actuated in just or unjust interactions relates to the agent’s concern or lack of concern with the good of those people

Digital rectal examination and balloon expulsion test in the study of defecatory disorders: are they suitable as screening or excluding tests?

Background. Rome III criteria add physiological criteria to symptom-based criteria of chronic constipation (CC) for the diagnosis of defecatory disorders (DD). However, a gold-standard test is still lacking and physiological examination is expensive and timeconsuming. Aim. Evaluate the usefulness of two low-cost tests-digital rectal examination (DRE) and balloon expulsion test (BET)-as screening or excluding tests ofDD. Methods. Weperformeda systematic search inPUBMEDandMEDLINE. We selected studies where constipated patients were evaluated by DRE or BET. Heterogeneity was assessed and random effect models were used to calculate the sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value (NPV) of the DRE and the BET. Results. Thirteen studies evaluating BET and four studies evaluating DRE (2329 patients) were selected. High heterogeneity (.. 2 > 80%) among studies was demonstrated. The studies evaluating the BET showed a sensitivity and specificity of 67% and 80%, respectively. Regarding the DRE, a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 84% were calculated. NPV of 72% for the BET and NPV of 64% for the DRE were estimated. The sensitivity and specificity were similar when we restrict the analysis to studies using Rome criteria to define CC. The BET seems to performbetter when a cut-off time of 2minutes is used and when it is compared with a combination of physiological tests. Considering the DRE, strict criteria seem to improve the sensitivity but not the specificity of the test. Conclusion. Neither of the low-cost tests seems suitable for screening or excluding DD.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Team Fernando-Pessa at SemEval-2019 Task 4: back to basics in Hyperpartisan News Detection

This paper describes our submission1 to the SemEval 2019 Hyperpartisan News Detection task. Our system aims for a linguistics-based document classification from a minimal set of interpretable features, while maintaining good performance. To this goal, we follow a feature-based approach and perform several experiments with different machine learning classifiers. On the main task, our model achieved an accuracy of 71.7%, which was improved after the task's end to 72.9%. We also participate in the meta-learning sub-task, for classifying documents with the binary classifications of all submitted systems as input, achieving an accuracy of 89.9%

JURIDICAL PLURALISM IN BRAZILIAN FAVELAS: COMMENTS ON LEGITIMACY

The Brazilian favelas shelter a large part of the Brazilian population, being largely composed of low-income and socially vulnerable residents, being not only away from the city centers but also from the social interest of the State. From its emergence to the present day, favelas are regarded as areas where formal state law does not arrive, and the lives of residents are run by informal norms, illegal from the point of view of the State and from social groups sometimes democratically instituted and others from criminal organizations that impose themselves with the use of force and violence. The following question that arises from this context of legal pluralism: in a reality of legal pluralism such as that of the Brazilian favelas, are there any alternative legal norms that are endowed with efficacy, acceptance and legitimacy? In order to answer this question, we sought, through the inductive method, the monographic procedure and the bibliographic research technique of the works of Wolkmer, Santos, Barbato Jr, among others, to demonstrate that legal norms developed in favelas whose origin whether in criminal organizations, has the legitimacy to coexist with state norms, as well as to fill the void left by the right of the State by its omission

QUALIDADE DO TRABALHO: UMA ANÁLISE SOBRE OS MUNICÍPIOS PARAENSES NOS ANOS 2000 E 2010

O objetivo do trabalho é analisar os patamares de crescimento econômico no Estado do Pará, através das características de qualificação profissional nos seus municípios, sobre a ótica da teoria do Capital Humano. A metodologia utilizada buscou gerar medidas de avaliação para três variáveis Proxy´s do crescimento econômico (setor produtivo, nível educacional e de renda); na qual foi possível elaborar um ranking capaz de dispor com clareza a heterogeneidade entre os graus de desempenho econômico dos municípios. Como resultado o Índice de Qualidade do Mercado de Trabalho (IQMT) para os anos de 2000 e 2010, apresentou um crescimento relativo de 12,41% de 2000 para 2010, no estado do Pará, passando de 0,137 em 2000, para 0,154 em 2010. A maior variação aconteceu com a dimensão escolaridade com 112%, acompanhada da dimensão setor com 94,65% e renda com 5,28%. Logo, tais índices produzidos pelo estudo ratificaram a importância do âmbito educacional como elemento fomentador da qualidade do trabalhador, que é reforçada pela teoria do Capital Humano