Análise das barreiras enfrentadas pelas pessoas com deficiência nos serviços de saúde: uma revisão integrativa

The objective of this integrative review was to analyze the scientific literature on the care of people with disabilities in public health services. In this sense, an integrative review was carried out, searching for articles in the BVS, LILACS and BVS databases, from which 14 articles on the subject were selected. Thus, reading the articles in full led to the conclusion that people with disabilities face several barriers in the health system, which may be structural, involve the unpreparedness of professionals and the lack of technologies. In addition, the lack of protocols that allow appropriate referral and counter-referral for this group is notorious. It was concluded, then, that combating the barriers that prevent adequate care for people with disabilities is essential to achieve social inclusion.O objetivo da presente revisão integrativa foi analisar a literatura científica sobre o atendimento das pessoas com deficiência nos serviços públicos de saúde. Nesse sentido, foi realizada revisão integrativa, buscando artigos nas bases de dados BVS, LILACS e BVS, pelas quais foram selecionados 14 artigos acerca da temática. Assim, a leitura na íntegra dos artigos permitiu concluir que as pessoas com deficiência enfrentam diversas barreiras no sistema de saúde, podendo essas ser estruturais, envolver o despreparo dos profissionais e a falta de tecnologias. Além disso, é notória a falta de protocolos os quais permitam a referência e contrarreferência apropriada para esse grupo. Concluiu-se, então, que combater as barreiras que impedem o atendimento adequado de pessos com deficiências é essencial para concretizar a inclusão social

Desmistificando o TOC e sua relação fisiopatológica com os gânglios da base

O Transtorno Obsessivo Compulsivo (TOC) é um distúrbio mental caracterizado pela presença de obsessões e/ou compulsões. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo realizar uma análise​ descritiva com intuito de estabelecer uma relação entre o TOC e função neuromoduladora pelos gânglios da base. Tais estruturas são tecido nervoso de massa cinzenta e compõem um sistema motor acessório, trabalhando de forma concomitante ao córtex cerebral no planejamento, modulação e controle dos movimentos. A região lesionada é ocasionada por anormalidades no córtex órbito-frontal, e nos gânglios da base, como também disfunções nos circuitos cerebrais que conectam tais áreas. Os sintomas do TOC afetam predominantemente indivíduos jovens com frequência após os 18 ou 20 anos, e excepcionalmente após os 40 anos. O transtorno que começa na infância é mais comum em meninos e tendem a ser mais graves, frequentemente associados a outros transtornos. Além disso, as manifestações desse distúrbio são muitas vezes leves, e quase imperceptíveis, porém graves e até inabilitantes, interferindo de forma ativa nas rotinas pessoais, na vida social e na família da pessoa portadora do transtorno. O resultado obteve a compreensão dos mecanismos patogênicos da sintomatologia do TOC, o qual é evidente a ação dos circuitos corticoestriatal. Assim, o desequilíbrio entre as relações do caudado e do putâmen se direcionam a comportamentos compulsivos, não estando totalmente esclarecido qual dos dois impulsiona a instabilidade

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data