Influences of thermal environment on fish growth

Indexación: Scopus.Thermoregulation in ectothermic animals is influenced by the ability to effectively respond to thermal variations. While it is known that ectotherms are affected by thermal changes, it remains unknown whether physiological and/or metabolic traits are impacted by modifications to the thermal environment. Our research provides key evidence that fish ectotherms are highly influenced by thermal variability during development, which leads to important modifications at several metabolic levels (e.g., growth trajectories, microstructural alterations, muscle injuries, and molecular mechanisms). In Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), a wide thermal range (ΔT 6.4°C) during development (posthatch larvae to juveniles) was associated with increases in key thermal performance measures for survival and growth trajectory. Other metabolic traits were also significantly influenced, such as size, muscle cellularity, and molecular growth regulators possibly affected by adaptive processes. In contrast, a restricted thermal range (ΔT 1.4°C) was detrimental to growth, survival, and cellular microstructure as muscle growth could not keep pace with increased metabolic demands. These findings provide a possible basic explanation for the effects of thermal environment during growth. In conclusion, our results highlight the key role of thermal range amplitude on survival and on interactions with major metabolism-regulating processes that have positive adaptive effects for organisms.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ece3.3239/ful

The effect of uneven heating on the flow distribution between parallel microchannels undergoing boiling

As the size, weight, and performance requirements of electronic devices grow increasingly demanding, their packaging has become more compact. As a result of thinning or removing the intermediate heat spreading layers, non-uniform heat generation from the chip-scale and component-level variations may be imposed directly on the attached microchannel heat sink. Despite the important heat transfer performance implications, the effect of uneven heating on the flow distribution in parallel microchannels undergoing boiling has been largely unexplored. In this study, a two-phase flow distribution model is used to investigate the impact of uneven heating on the flow distribution behavior of parallel microchannels undergoing boiling. Under lateral uneven heating (i.e., the channels are each heated to different levels, but the power input is uniform along the length of any given channel), it is found that the flow is significantly more maldistributed compared to the even heating condition. Specifically, the range of total flow rates over which the flow is maldistributed is broader and the maximum severity of flow maldistribution is higher. These trends are assessed as a function of the total input power, degree of uneven heating, and the extent of thermal connectedness between the channels. The model predictions are validated against experiments for a representative case of thermally isolated and coupled channels subjected to even heating and extreme lateral uneven heating conditions and show excellent agreement

Human metapneumovirus: Mechanisms and molecular targets used by the virus to avoid the immune system

Indexación: Scopus.This work was supported by Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnolígica (CONICYT) N◦21151028 and FONDECYT (N◦1070352 and N◦1170964) and the Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (P09/016-F).Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a respiratory virus, first reported the year 2001. Since then, it has been described as one of the main etiological agents that causes acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTIs), which is characterized by symptoms such as bronchiolitis, wheezing and coughing. Susceptible population to hMPV-infection includes newborn, children, elderly and immunocompromised individuals. This viral agent is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA enveloped virus, that belongs to the Pneumoviridae family and Metapneumovirus genus. Early reports-previous to 2001-state several cases of respiratory illness without clear identification of the responsible pathogen, which could be related to hMPV. Despite the similarities of hMPV with several other viruses, such as the human respiratory syncytial virus or influenza virus, mechanisms used by hMPV to avoid the host immune system are still unclear. In fact, evidence indicates that hMPV induces a poor innate immune response, thereby affecting the adaptive immunity. Among these mechanisms, is the promotion of an anergic state in T cells, instead of an effective polarization or activation, which could be induced by low levels of cytokine secretion. Further, the evidences support the notion that hMPV interferes with several pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and cell signaling pathways triggered by interferon-associated genes. However, these mechanisms reported in hMPV are not like the ones reported for hRSV, as the latter has two non-structural proteins that are able to inhibit these pathways. Several reports suggest that viral glycoproteins, such as G and SH, could play immune-modulator roles during infection. In this work, we discuss the state of the art regarding the mechanisms that underlie the poor immunity elicited by hMPV. Importantly, these mechanisms will be compared with those elicited by other common respiratory viruses. © 2018 Frontiers Media S.A. All rights reserved.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2018.02466/ful

PERSPECTIVAS DEL TURISMO RURAL EN SANTA ANA TELOXTOC, TEHUACAN; PUEBLA, MÉXICO

An approximation study in the locality of Santa Ana Teloxtoc, in Tehuacán, Puebla, México, was carried out in order to estimate the tourism potential based on local resources, with the approach of rural tourism as an alternative for economic diversification culturally linked to the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Biosphere Reserve. The research was approached from the general to the particular through successive approximations, with the goal of systematizing the studies in regard to knowledge of the place, in addition to ordinary and participative observations in a physiographic visit with specific guides, field notebook and camera; there was a simple random sample, and surveys, questionnaires and interviews were applied to key informants. Results indicated that there are limitations to economic activities because of the low rainfall and predominance of lands with a slope that provokes hydric erosion, in spite of the low rainfall present, as well as the relative isolation of the community. It is necessary to promote and conserve the wealth of the local flora and fauna as part of the landscape, as well as the valuable fossilized marine natural resources from the Cretaceous period.Se realizó un estudio de aproximación en la localidad de Santa Ana Teloxtoc en Tehuacán, Puebla, México, para estimar el potencial turístico con base en recursos locales bajo el enfoque de turismo rural como alternativa de diversificación económica vinculado culturalmente con la Reserva de la Biósfera Tehuacán-Cuicatlán. La investigación fue abordada de lo general a lo particular por aproximaciones sucesivas, con el fin de sistematizar los estudios respecto al conocimiento del lugar, además de observaciones de tipo ordinaria y participativa en un recorrido fisiográfico con guías específicas, libreta de campo, cámara fotográfica, muestreo aleatorio simple con aplicación de encuestas, cuestionarios y entrevistas a informantes clave. Los resultados indicaron que existen limitantes para las actividades económicas por baja precipitación pluvial y predominancia de terrenos erosionados, así como el relativo aislamiento de la comunidad. Es necesario promover y conservar la riqueza de la flora y fauna local como parte del paisaje, así como, los valiosos recursos marinos fosilizados procedentes del periodo cretácico

Human robot interaction for future remote manipulations in Industry 4.0*

In the nuclear industry it is still common to rely on tele-operated robots. Tele-operation however can be strenuous and demanding on operating personnel and productivity can be low without advanced HRI interfaces. Today, the world is moving towards Industry 4.0. With that vision, this paper introduces the concept of Remotely Instructed Robots (RIRs), which are reliable yet rely on human intelligence. RIRs can accept high and low level instructions from the operator and execute tasks based on operators’ descriptions and at a variety of complexity levels. The paper outlines an agent model of RIRs and furthermore, presents how it could be implemented inside nuclear gloveboxes to achieve novel human robot interaction

Does the effect of feedback modulate the coach's perception of competition?

[ES] El objetivo fue analizar el efecto de diferentes tipos de feedback sobre variables psicológicas y de rendimiento en función de la percepción del deportista de la competencia del entrenador. Se realizó un estudio de caso con 33 futbolistas asignados aleatoriamente a tres condiciones experimentales (feedback positivo, negativo y ausencia de feedback). Se midieron velocidad y precisión de lanzamientos a portería, valoración de competencia, competencia percibida, motivación autónoma y vitalidad subjetiva. Se empleó un nivel α de 0,05 para los análisis. El grupo feedback positivo exhibió niveles más altos de valoración de competencia, competencia percibida, motivación autónoma y bienestar, que los de feedback negativo y ausencia de feedback, en sujetos con alta percepción de competencia del entrenador. Este efecto no se observó en aquellos con baja percepción de competencia del entrenador. La percepción del jugador sobre la competencia del entrenador podría ser un factor en la modulación de las diferencias generadas en cuanto al tipo de feedback.[EN] The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect that different types of feedback had on psychological and performance variables as a function of an athlete´s perception of his/her coach´s competence. A case study was conducted with 33 soccer players randomly assigned to three experimental conditions (positive and negative feedback and no feedback). Shot speed and accuracy, competence valuation, perceived competence, autonomous motivation and subjective vitality were measured. An α-level of .05 was employed for all the analyses. Positive feedback group exhibited higher levels of competence valuation, perceived competence of the player, autonomous motivation, and well-being than the negative and neutral feedback groups only in those subjects who had a high perception of the coach's competence. This effect was not observed in those with a low perception of coach competence. In this respect, the players’ perception of coach’s competence could be a factor in modulating the differences generated with regard to the type of feedback received.S

El juego infinito de la política identitaria

Vivimos un tiempo complejo en el que la velocidad en la transmisión de la información y el acceso a la misma globalizan los fenómenos. La pandemia ha aumentado la incertidumbre y genera desafíos nuevos. Además, en occidente se observa una fractura y polarización política creciente y preocupante

La «velocidad de escape» de la IA y el futuro del trabajo

Estsamos inmersos en la quinta revolución industrial que implica la superación de una forma de entender el trabajo y profundos cambios en la propia concepción del ser humano. Debemos asegurar que los daños colaterales sean mínimos para nuestra civilización

Intuitive programming with remotely instructed robots inside future gloveboxes

Our research aims at facilitating the design of ’Remotely Instructed Robots’ for future glove-boxes in the nuclear industry. The two main features of such systems are: (1) They can automatically model the working environment and relay that information to the operator in virtual reality (VR). (2) They can receive instructions from the operator that are executed by the robot. However, the deficiency of these kind of systems is that they heavily rely on knowledge of expert programmers when the robot’s capabilities or hardware are to be reconfigured, altered or upgraded. This late breaking report proposes to introduce a third important advancement on remotely instructed robots: (3) Intuitive programming modifications by operators who are non-programmers but have basic knowledge of hardware, and most importantly, have experience of the weaknesses in particular handling tasks