Small-Scale Forestry and Carbon Offset Markets: an Empirical Study of Vermont Current Use Forest Landowner Willingness to Accept Carbon Credit Programs

This study investigates the preferences of small forest landowners regarding forest carbon credit programs while documenting characteristics of potentially successful frameworks. We designed hypothetical carbon credit programs with aggregated carbon offset projects and requirements of existing voluntary and compliance protocols in mind. We administered a mail survey to 992 forest landowners in Vermont’s Current Use Program utilizing best-worst choice, a novel preference elicitation technique, to elicit their preferences about these programs. We found that small forest landowners see revenue as the most important factor in a carbon credit program and the duration of the program as the least important factor. Landowners reported that shorter program duration, higher revenue, and lower withdrawal penalties positively impact their willingness to accept forest carbon credit programs. Notably, our study includes carbon credit program implementer as a key program attribute, allowing us to quantify landowners’ tradeoffs between non-profit, for-profit, and government organizations. Overall, we found that landowners significantly prefer working with a non-profit organization. Based on monetary estimates of willingness-to-accept compensation, our results suggest that aggregated forest carbon offset projects incorporating small forest landowners could be piloted successfully in Vermont by non-profit organizations while maintaining relatively strict guidelines of existing carbon offset protocols

The MobyDick Project: A Mobile Heterogeneous All-IP Architecture

Proceedings of Advanced Technologies, Applications and Market Strategies for 3G (ATAMS 2001). Cracow, Poland: 17-20 June, 2001.This paper presents the current stage of an IP-based architecture for heterogeneous environments, covering UMTS-like W-CDMA wireless access technology, wireless and wired LANs, that is being developed under the aegis of the IST Moby Dick project. This architecture treats all transmission capabilities as basic physical and data-link layers, and attempts to replace all higher-level tasks by IP-based strategies. The proposed architecture incorporates aspects of mobile-IPv6, fast handover, AAA-control, and Quality of Service. The architecture allows for an optimised control on the radio link layer resources. The Moby dick architecture is currently under refinement for implementation on field trials. The services planned for trials are data transfer and voice-over-IP.Publicad

Diving lice: The exception to the rule that there are no insects in the (deep) ocean

Insects are present in virtually all possible habitats on the mainland but virtually absent in the ocean which constitutes 90% of the biosphere. Only a few species are present in the sea, but remaining at the surface, salt marshes, estuaries, or shallow waters. Remarkably, a group of species manages to endure long immersion periods in the open sea, as well as deep dives, i.e. seal lice. We discuss here some of the adaptations that allow seal lice to cope with the amphibious habits of their hosts and how they can help understanding why are insect so rare in the ocean.Fil: Leonardi, María Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos; ArgentinaFil: Crespo, José Emilio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Soto, Florencia Anabella. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos; ArgentinaFil: Lazzari, Claudio R.. Universite de Tours; Francia. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaThe 1st International Electronic Conference on EntomologySuizaInsects JournalMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institut

Theoretical study on the molecular mechanism of the [5 + 2] vs. [4 + 2] cyclization mediated by Lewis acid in the quinone system

[EN] The thermal and Lewis acid (LA) catalyzed cyclizations of quinone 1 involved in the synthesis of Colombiasin A and Elipsaterosin B have been theoretically studied using DFT methods at the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) computational level. B3LYP calculations suggest that the formal endo [4 + 2] cycloadduct allowing the synthesis of Colombiasin A is preferentially formed under thermal conditions, while in the presence of the BF3 LA catalyst the formal [5 + 2] cycloadduct is seen, allowing the synthesis of Elipsaterosin B. The BF3 LA catalyst not only accelerates the nucleophilic attack on the C2 carbon of the quinone framework through a more polar C-C bond formation, but also provokes a different electron density rearrangement along the nucleophilic attack favoring the subsequent C-C bond formation at the C4 carbon with the formation of the formal [5 + 2] cycloadduct. ELF bonding analysis along these cyclizations indicates that the C-C single bond formation takes place in the range of 1.91-2.1 angstrom by C-to-C coupling of two pseudoradical centers. Along the formation of the first C2-C9 single bond, these pseudoradical centers appear at one of the most electrophilic and at one of the most nucleophilic centers of quinone 1, C2 and C9 carbons, respectively. Analysis of the Parr functions suggests that although the most favorable electrophilic/nucleophilic interaction is that involving the C2 carbon of quinone and the C12 carbon of the butadiene framework, the intramolecular nature of the cyclization prevents the corresponding reactive channel.This work was supported by the Post-Doctoral fellow FONDECYT Grant 3130359 and Project ICM-P10-003-F CILIS granted by Fondo de Innovacion para la Competitividad del Ministerio de Economia, Fomento y Turismo, Chile.Soto-Delgado, J.; Sáez-Cases, JA.; Tapia, RA.; Domingo, LR. (2013). Theoretical study on the molecular mechanism of the [5 + 2] vs. [4 + 2] cyclization mediated by Lewis acid in the quinone system. Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry. 11(48):8357-8365. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ob41860jS83578365114

Estimating the Relationship between Reading in Primary Education, Educational Attainment and Social Welfare. The Case of Extremadura (Spain)

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the relationship between the Social Welfare Index and the reading habits of primary school students in Extremadura (Spain). A study has been performed which consists of two parts. First, we conducted 4,288 surveys on reading habits in 87 municipalities. Second, we calculated the social welfare index. The statistical analysis refl ects two conclusions: firstly, educational and socio-economic policies have resulted in equal opportunities that allow for similar social possibilities throughout the territory; secondly, Educational Attainment of parents is the most decisive factor in obtaining the best results in terms of students' reading habits

Edades radiométricas de los edificios miocenos de Fuerteventura (Islas Canarias).

Se han realizado once nuevas dataciones K-Ar de las coladas básicas (basaltos, nefelinitas) y sálicas (traquitas) de los tres edificios principales subaéreos (Tetir o Norte, Gran Tarajal o Central y Jandía o Sur) que constituyen la Fase miocena de la isla. Se precisa algo más la cronoestratigrafía relativa entre ellos, así como la correspondiente a los tramos que los integran