Determinació numèrica de les freqüències pròpies acústiques en flux compressible

L’objectiu del projecte és determinar les freqüències pròpies acústiques d’un flux compressible1 al llarg d’una canonada que conté una vàlvula de comporta. Es determina numèricament, mitjançant simulacions en elements finits, l’efecte del tancament de la vàlvula en els modes de vibració del fluid. Les simulacions es realitzen amb el programa ANSYS Workbench2 , tant amb el mòdul d’anàlisi modal Modal Acoustics, com amb anàlisis transitoris del fluid utilitzant el mòdul CFX3 . Per tal d’obtenir les freqüències pròpies en les simulacions transitòries es crea una pertorbació en el flux que les exciti. Es monitoritzen punts del fluid durant les simulacions, obtenint dades de pressió per a cada instant de temps d’estudi. S’analitzen els resultats mitjançant una FFT4 de la senyal i s’obtenen les freqüències de vibració per a cada obertura de la vàlvula i cada punt d’estudi. Es conclou que les freqüències de vibració disminueixen a mesura que es tanca la vàlvula, sense arribar al tancament complet, i que no s’observa cap diferència significativa en els resultats d’abans i després de la vàlvula. Aquest resultat no concorda amb resultat esperant inicialment, i es recomana un segon projecte seguint aquesta temàtica

Association between Health-Related Physical Fitness and Self-Rated Risk of Depression in Adolescents: Dados Study

Depression is the most common mental disorder, affecting around 5% of adolescents. Physical fitness is considered a powerful marker of physical and mental health. The scientific results on the relationship between physical fitness and depression in the adolescent population are mixed. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to analyse the association between objectively assessed physical fitness and self-rated risk of depression in a group of adolescents. A total of 225 participants (44% girls), aged 13.9 ± 0.3 years, from the Deporte, ADOlescencia y Salud (DADOS) study were included in the analyses. Field-based Assessing Levels of Physical fitness and Health in Adolescents (ALPHA) health-related fitness test battery was used to objectively assess physical fitness components. The Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC) level 3 was used to evaluate self-rated risk of depression. Our results showed that self-rated risk of depression was inversely associated with cardiorespiratory fitness (β = −0.172), as well as positively associated with body mass index (β = 0.146) and waist circumference (β = 0.137) (all p < 0.05). Adolescents with low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness had significantly higher odds of self-rated risk of depression (OR = 7.17; 95% CI, 1.51–33.95). These findings suggest that health-related physical fitness, particularly cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition, is associated with depression in adolescents

Riesgo de padecer trastornos de la conducta alimentaria y rendimiento académico en adolescentes: proyecto DADOS

Introduction: eating disorders (ED) are complex multifactorial chronic diseases with adverse consequences on cognition in adolescence. Objectives: the main aim of the present study was to analyze the association between the risk of ED and academic performance in adolescents, considering the key role of weight status. Methods: a total of 261 adolescents (13.9 ± 0.3 years) from the DADOS (Deporte, Adolescencia y Salud) Study were included in the analysis. The risk of ED was assessed using the Sick Control on Fast Food (SCOFF) questionnaire. Weight status was assessed by body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2 ). Academic performance was assessed through final grades and through the Spanish version of the SRA Test of Educational Ability (TEA). Results: the risk of ED was negatively associated with academic grades, and with verbal and numeric abilities measured through TEA. Adolescents with non-eating disorder risk showed higher scores in academic grades (but not in the TEA components). Overweight and obese adolescents reported higher risk of ED. Conclusions: the risk of ED is negatively associated with academic performance, being higher in overweight and obese adolescents. Interventional programs aimed to improve academic performance should take into account weight status and the risk of ED.Introducción: los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) son alteraciones psicológicas severas con graves consecuencias sobre la función cognitiva durante la adolescencia. Objetivos: el principal objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la asociación entre el riesgo de padecer TCA y el rendimiento académico en adolescentes, considerando el papel clave de la composición corporal. Métodos: la muestra estuvo formada por un total de 261 adolescentes (13,9 ± 0,3 años), participantes del proyecto DADOS (Deporte, Adolescencia y Salud). La versión española del cuestionario Sick Control on Fast Food (SCOFF) se utilizó para determinar el riesgo de padecer TCA. La composición corporal se evaluó mediante el índice de masa corporal (IMC) (kg/m2 ). El rendimiento académico fue evaluado mediante las notas finales y mediante la versión española del cuestionario SRA Test of Educational Ability (TEA). Resultados: el riesgo de padecer TCA estuvo inversamente asociado con las notas y con las habilidades verbales y numéricas medidas mediante el TEA. Los adolescentes que no presentaban riesgo de padecer TCA mostraron calificaciones más altas en las notas (pero no en los componentes del cuestionario TEA). Los adolescentes con sobrepeso u obesidad reportaron un mayor riesgo de padecer TCA. Conclusiones: el riesgo de padecer TCA está asociado de forma inversa con el rendimiento académico y es más elevado en adolescentes con sobrepeso u obesidad. Las intervenciones cuyo objetivo sea mejorar el rendimiento académico deberían tener en cuenta la composición corporal y el riesgo de padecer TCA

HLA-DR15-derived self-peptides are involved in increased autologous T cell proliferation in multiple sclerosis

The HLA-DR15 haplotype confers the largest part of the genetic risk to develop multiple sclerosis, a prototypic CD4+ T cell-mediated autoimmune disease. The mechanisms how certain HLA-class II molecules functionally contribute to autoimmune diseases are still poorly understood, but probably involve shaping an autoimmune-prone T cell repertoire during central tolerance in the thymus and subsequently maintaining or even expanding it in the peripheral immune system. Self-peptides that are presented by disease-associated HLA-class II molecules most likely play important roles during both processes. Here, we examined the functional involvement of the HLA-DR15 haplotype in autologous proliferation in multiple sclerosis and the contribution of HLA-DR15 haplotype-derived self-peptides in an in vitro system. We observe increased autologous T cell proliferation in patients with multiple sclerosis in relation to the multiple sclerosis risk-associated HLA-DR15 haplotype. Assuming that the spectrum of self-peptides that is presented by the two HLA-DR15 allelic products is important for sustaining autologous proliferation we performed peptide elution and identification experiments from the multiple sclerosis-associated DR15 molecules and a systematic analysis of a DR15 haplotype-derived self-peptide library. We identify HLA-derived self-peptides as potential mediators of altered autologous proliferation. Our data provide novel insights about perturbed T cell repertoire dynamics and the functional involvement of the major genetic risk factor, the HLA-DR15 haplotype, in multiple sclerosi

Recognition of Conserved Amino Acid Motifs of Common Viruses and Its Role in Autoimmunity

The triggers of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) remain elusive. Epidemiological studies suggest that common pathogens can exacerbate and also induce MS, but it has been difficult to pinpoint individual organisms. Here we demonstrate that in vivo clonally expanded CD4(+) T cells isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of a MS patient during disease exacerbation respond to a poly-arginine motif of the nonpathogenic and ubiquitous Torque Teno virus. These T cell clones also can be stimulated by arginine-enriched protein domains from other common viruses and recognize multiple autoantigens. Our data suggest that repeated infections with common pathogenic and even nonpathogenic viruses could expand T cells specific for conserved protein domains that are able to cross-react with tissue-derived and ubiquitous autoantigens

Low-Frequency and Rare-Coding Variation Contributes to Multiple Sclerosis Risk / Erratum

Erratum in Low-Frequency and Rare-Coding Variation Contributes to Multiple Sclerosis Risk. International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium. Electronic address: [email protected]; International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium. Cell. 2020 Jan 23;180(2):403. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.01.002. PMID: 31978348 Free PMC article

Altered CSF Albumin Quotient Links Peripheral Inflammation and Brain Damage in MS

OBJECTIVE CNS damage can increase the susceptibility of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to changes induced by systemic inflammation. The aim of this study is to better understand BBB permeability in patients with MS and to examine whether compromised BBB integrity in some of these patients is associated with CNS damage and systemic inflammation. METHODS Routine CSF measurements of 121 patients with MS were analyzed including number and type of infiltrating cells, total protein, lactate, and oligoclonal bands, as well as intrathecal production of immunoglobulins and CSF/serum quotients for albumin, immunoglobulins, and glucose. In addition, in a subcohort of these patients, we performed ex vivo immunophenotyping of CSF-infiltrating and paired circulating lymphocytes using a panel of 13 monoclonal antibodies, we quantified intrathecal neurofilament light chain (NF-L) and chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1), and we performed intrathecal lipidomic analysis. RESULTS Patients with MS with abnormal high levels of albumin in the CSF showed a distinct CSF cell infiltrate and markers of CNS damage such as increased intrathecal levels of NF-L and CHI3L1 as well as a distinct CSF lipidomic profile. In addition, these patients showed higher numbers of circulating proinflammatory Th1 and Th1* cells compatible with systemic inflammation. Of interest, the abnormally high levels of albumin in the CSF of those patients were preserved over time. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the hypothesis that CNS damage may increase BBB vulnerability to systemic inflammation in a subset of patients and thus contribute to disease heterogeneity

Estrés social y rendimiento académico en adolescentes: proyecto DADOS

Introducción: La adolescencia constituye un periodo crítico del desarrollo caracterizado por múltiples cambios psicológicos, entre los que destaca un aumento del estrés social debido a las modificaciones en las relaciones interpersonales, que pueden influir en el rendimiento académico del adolescente. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la relación entre el nivel de estrés social y el rendimiento académico en adolescentes. Método: Un total de 269 alumnos de 2.º curso de educación secundaria obligatoria (ESO) (129 chicas y 140 chicos; 13,9±0,3 años), participantes del proyecto DADOS (Deporte, Adolescencia y Salud), fueron incluidos en el estudio. El estrés social se evaluó empleando el nivel 3 del cuestionario Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC). Los estudiantes fueron dicotomizados en base a su nivel de estrés (normal<60 frente a elevado!60). El rendimiento académico se evaluó mediante las calificaciones académicas finales de 1.º de ESO en matemáticas, castellano, valenciano, inglés y educación física y la media global. Resultados: El nivel de estrés social estuvo inversa y significativamente asociado con todos los indicadores de rendimiento académico. Los análisis de covarianza indicaron que, excepto en la calificación de castellano, un estrés social elevado se relacionaba significativamente con un menor rendimiento académico. Conclusión: El nivel de estrés social parece estar inversamente asociado con el rendimiento académico en adolescentes. Los programas escolares enfocados a la mejora del rendimiento académico deberían considerar los posibles efectos negativos derivados de altos niveles de estrés social.Introduction: Adolescence is a crucial developmental period of life characterized by multiple psychological changes, such as increased stress levels due to modifications in interpersonal relationships, which could influence adolescents’ academic performance. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between social stress levels and academic performance in adolescents. Methods: A total of 269 students of the 2 nd academic year of secondary school (129 girls; 13.9±0.3 years), participants from the DADOS (Deporte, Adolescencia y Salud) study, were included in the analyses. The level of social stress was evaluated through the Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC) level 3 and dichotomized into normal or high (<60 vs. !60). Academic performance was assessed through the final school grades of the 1 st academic year of secondary school in Mathematics, Spanish, Valencian, English, Physical Education, and grade point average. Results: The level of social stress was inversely associated with academic performance. Moreover, except for Spanish, analysis of covariance indicated that those adolescents with high levels of social stress showed lower academic performance, compared to their peers with normal levels of social stress. Conclusion: The level of social stress seems to be inversely associated with academic performance in adolescents. School-based programs aimed to improve academic performance should consider the possible adverse effects derived from high levels of social stress

Salud y rendimiento académico en adolescentes: Proyecto DADOS

Introducción: Los estudios que analizan el efecto combinado de diversos factores de salud sobre el rendimiento académico son escasos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar el efecto combinado de cuatro factores relacionados con la salud (composición corporal, calidad de sueño, concentración de leptina y resistencia cardiorrespiratoria) sobre el rendimiento académico en adolescentes. Métodos: La muestra estuvo formada por un total de 262 adolescentes (13,9±0,3 años), participantes del proyecto DADOS (Deporte, Adolescencia y Salud). La composición corporal se evaluó mediante el índice de masa corporal. La calidad de sueño se midió utilizando la versión española del cuestionario Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. La concentración de leptina se analizó en plasma empleando un kit ELISA. La resistencia cardiorrespiratoria se evaluó con el test de ida y vuelta de 20 m. El rendimiento académico se evaluó mediante las calificaciones académicas. Resultados: Los análisis de covarianza revelaron que los adolescentes con !3 factores saludables mostraron un mejor rendimiento académico que aquellos con "1 (p"0,01). En términos de odds ratios (OR), aquellos adolescentes que presentaban una composición corporal y una concentración de leptina adecuadas, buena calidad de sueño y niveles altos de resistencia cardiorrespiratoria mostraron mejores resultados en matemáticas (OR=6,02; 95 % CI=1,48-24,54), valenciano (OR=4,42; 95 % CI=1,12-17,43) y en la calificación media (OR=8,68; 95 % CI=1,96-38,51) que el resto de sus compañeros. Conclusión: Estos hallazgos revelan el efecto combinado de diversos factores de salud sobre el rendimiento académico en adolescentes. Los profesionales del ámbito sanitario y educativo deberían trabajar conjuntamente teniendo en cuenta esta relación.Introduction: Studies analysing the combined effect of healthy-related factors on academic performance in adolescents are scarce. Thus, the aim of the present study was to analyse the combined effect of four health-related factors (i.e. weight status, sleep quality, leptin concentration and cardiorespiratory fitness) on academic performance in adolescents. Methods: A total of 262 adolescents (13.9±0.3 years) from the DADOS (Deporte, Adolescencia y Salud) study were included in the analyses. Weight status was assessed through body mass index. Sleep quality was measured using the Spanish version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire. Plasma leptin concentration was measured using a sensitive ELISA kit. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed through the 20 m shuttle run test. Academic performance was assessed through school grades. Results: Adolescents with at least 3 health-related factors showed better academic performance than those with 1 or zero factors (p"0.01). In terms of odds ratios (OR), adolescents with 4 health-related factors were more likely to be in the high-performance groups for Math (OR=6.02, 95% CI=1.48-24.54), Valencian (OR=4.42, 95% CI=1.12-17.43) and grade point average (OR=8.68, 95% CI=1.96-38.51). Conclusions. These findings complement prior knowledge revealing the positive combined effect of several health-related factors on academic performance in adolescents. Health promotion initiatives and education programs should work together having in mind the relationship identified between health parameters and academical performance

Escape room como experiencia didáctica para la promoción de hábitos saludables en educación primaria

La gamificación es una metodología activa que emplea el juego como elemento precursor del aprendizaje. Los estudios previos resaltan la importancia del juego como herramienta didáctica para favorecer el aprendizaje y la participación del alumnado. Por ello, los docentes pueden recurrir al uso de experiencias didácticas activas como el escape room, ya que han mostrado una influencia positiva sobre el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y la actitud delos estudiantes en estudios previos. El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue el diseño y creación de una propuesta didáctica para la promoción de hábitos saludables en Educación Primaria basada en un escape room. Esta actividad está diseñada para llevarse a cabo en el área de Educación Física en 6.o curso de Educación Primaria. El escape room que se presenta está formado por 12 retos correspondientes a las 12 claves de la salud. El alumnado debe ir superando los retos para salir de la sala antes que el tiempo establecido finalice. Durante los diversos retos se favorece la participación activa, la colaboración y cooperación entre iguales, y el desarrollo de la competencia lingüística, matemática, digital, aprender a aprender y el sentido de la iniciativa y espíritu emprendedor. La implementación de metodologías activas como la gamificación, y de estrategias lúdicas como el escape room parecen favorecer el aprendizaje y fomentar la motivación, las actitudes y emociones positivas en los estudiantes.Gamification is an active methodology that uses games as a stimulus for learning. Prior studies highlight the key role of games as didactic strategies for promoting learning process and students' participation. Therefore, teachers might use active proposals such as the escape room, which has shown to positively influence teaching-learning process and attitudes. The main aim of this work was to design and to create a didactic proposal for health promotion in Primary Education based on an escape room. This proposal is designed to be implemented in Physical Education during 6th grade of Primary Education. The present escape room consists of 12challenges related to the 12 key points of health. Participants should overcome the challenges in order to get out of the room before the established time finishes. During the diverse challenges, active participation, collaboration, cooperation between peers, and the development of linguistic, mathematical, digital and learning to learn competences, as well as the sense of initiative, and entrepreneurship are promoted. The implementation of active methodologies such as gamification, and strategies such as the escape room seem to promote the learning process and promote students' motivation, positive attitudes, and emotions