Predicción computacional de la estructura terciaria de la iduronato 2-sulfato sulfatasa humana

Introduction. Hunter syndrome (MC KUSIK 309900) or mucopolysacharidosis type II is due to the deficiency of the enzyme iduronate 2 sulfate sulfatase (E.C. 3.1.6.13). This enzyme has not been crystallized, and therefore the experimental structures are not available. Objectives. A computational three-dimensional model was proposed for the iduronate 2 sulfate sulfatase enzyme.Materials and methods. A computational analysis of this enzyme used the following free internet software programs: Comput pI/MW, JaMBW Chapter 3.1.7, SWISS-MODEL, Geno3d, ProSup. Energy minimization was done with Discover 3 and Insight II version 2004.Results. A three-dimensional conformational model was proposed. The model showed 33.3% of helix structure, 7.2% beta sheet, and 59.5% random coil. RMS values (Root Mean Square) (0.78 and 0.86Å) were found when compared with other enzymes of the same family. The model presented 5 exposed N-glycosylation potential sites and an entry to the pocket that contains the amino acids of the active site. A high correlation was found between the type of mutations and the severity of the phenotype in twenty patients analyzed.Conclusion. The RMS values, as well as the high correlation between the type of mutation and the phenotype, indicated that the model predicts some aspects of the enzyme's biological behavior.Introducción. El síndrome de Hunter o mucopolisacaridosis tipo II (MC KUSIK 309900) es causado por la deficiencia de la iduronato 2-sulfato sulfatasa humana (E.C. 3.1.6.13). La enzima no ha sido cristalizada y por tanto sus estructuras no se conocen por deducción experimental.Objetivo. Proponer un modelo computacional para la estructura tridimensional de la iduronato 2-sulfato sulfatasa humana.Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un análisis computacional de esta enzima empleando programas de libre acceso en internet como Comput pI/MW, JaMBW Chapter 3.1.7, SWISSMODEL, 3D-PSSM, ProSup. Los procesos de minimización de energía se realizaron con el programa Discover 3 del paquete Insight II (2004).Resultados. Se propone un modelo tridimensional de la iduronato 2-sulfato sulfatasa humana que presenta 33,3% en hélice, 7,2% en hoja plegada y 59,5% en enrollamiento al azar (coil). Se hallaron valores de RMS (del inglés Root Mean Square) de 0,78 y 0,86Å al compararla con otras enzimas de la misma familia. El modelo revela cinco sitios potenciales de N-glicosilación y una entrada al bolsillo que contiene los aminoácidos que componen el sitio activo. Usando este modelo se encontró una buena correlación entre el tipo de mutaciones y la gravedad de la enfermedad en 20 pacientes analizados.Conclusión. Los valores de RMS y la correlación genotipo-fenotipo en los pacientes analizados sugieren el modelo puede usarse para predecir ciertos aspectos del comportamiento biológico de la enzima

Deepening our pelagic vision of the small pelagic fish in the Canary Islands (NW Africa, Spain)

The small pelagic fish (SPF, i.e. Scomber colias, Trachurus spp, Sardina pilchardus and Sardinella spp) in the Canary Islands archipelago (Spain) are mainly targeted by artisanal purse-seiners, whose monitoring is included in the EU Data Collection Framework. The waters in the archipelago (located in the coastal transition zone of the Canary Current Eastern Boundary Upwelling System) are monitored since the late nineties by a hydrographic section (RAPROCAN) designed to study the temporal variability of the eastern subtropical gyre. Official fish landings, reported by the Government since 2007, are annually analyzed to assess the stock status of the SPF in the Fishery Committee for the Eastern Central Atlantic (CECAF) context. In this study we analyze the relationship between the SPF abundance assumed from official landings and the oceanographic parameters. Using the sea temperature in the 200-800 m layer, we obtained a statistically significant correlation with the SPF landings (ρ-Pearson=0.454, p<0.03) when we considered one-year time-lag. This layer is less affected by atmosphere variations and probably influence on the success of the SPF spawning and recruitment processes. In fact, recruitment to the fishery (i.e. individuals attain legal catchable sizes) approximately occurs for one-year-old individuals, and explaining the one-year time-lag. Keeping the monitoring systems is crucial to understand, foreseen and anticipate potential variations in the fishery resources and to aim the sustainable exploitation of the SPF populations, even more challenging in the current Climate Change scenario.FEM

Evaluación del desarrollo de pollitas araucanas (Gallus inauris Castelló) Y MARANS (Gallus gallus domesticus L.) : EVALUACIÓN DEL DESARROLLO DE POLLITAS ARAUCANAS Y MARANS

Objetive: The present investigation was carried out with the objective of evaluating the development of Araucanas (Gallus inauris Castelló) and Marans (Gallus gallus domesticus L.) pullets. Design/methodology/approach: Eight week old pullets were used distributed in two groups: Araucanas (n=10) and Marans (n=10), were fed with pelleted feed that covered their nutritional requirements. Food consumption was recorded daily, the following variables: live weight, tarsal length, tibia length, and height were evaluated weekly. Results: The results indicated that there were no significant differences in feed intake, live weight, height, length of the tibia and tarsal length in both breeds. Limitations on study/implications: in the literature review, little information was found that describes the development of Araucanas and Marans pullets. Findings/conclusions: In conclusion the Araucanas and Marans pullets has similarly developed until 25 weeks of age.Objetivo: Evaluar el desarrollo de pollitas Araucanas (Gallus inauris Castelló) y Marans (Gallus gallus domesticus L.). Diseño/metodología/aproximación: Se utilizaron pollitas de ocho semanas de edad distribuidas en dos grupos: raza Araucanas (n=10) y raza Marans (n=10), se suministró alimento peletizado que cubrió las necesidades de las aves. Diariamente se registró el consumo de alimento. Las siguientes variables: peso vivo, longitud del tarso, longitud de la tibia, y altura se evaluaron semanalmente. Resultados: Los resultados indicaron que no hubo diferencias significativas en el consumo de alimento, peso vivo, altura, longitud de la tibia y longitud del tarso en ambas razas. Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: en la revisión de literatura se encontró poca información que describa el desarrollo de pollitas Araucanas y Marans con fines de comparación. Hallazgos/conclusiones: las pollitas Araucanas y Marans se desarrollan de forma similar hasta las 25 semanas de edad

Salud bucal: representaciones sociales en madres gestantes de una población urbana. Medellín, Colombia Oral health: social representations among pregnant mothers. Medellin, Colombia

A partir de la teoría de las representaciones sociales, se realizó una investigación cualitativa con el propósito de comprender las representaciones sociales del proceso salud-enfermedad bucal en madres gestantes de una población urbana. Se entrevistaron 28 mujeres adultas asistentes al programa prenatal en una institución de salud de la ciudad de Medellín. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas y transcritas y se analizaron mediante codificación abierta, axial y selectiva, de acuerdo con la teoría fundada. Los hallazgos revelaron que si bien para las madres gestantes la boca del hijo no ocupa un lugar preponderante al inicio del ciclo vital, gana importancia con el proceso de crecimiento y desarrollo del niño, cuando además de su papel en la masticación y alimentación, adquiere una carga social relevante. El análisis dio cuenta de cómo confluyen en las madres de una población urbana representaciones arraigadas en la tradición, con nuevas visiones en cuya construcción hay elementos de los discursos profesionales y de los medios de comunicación; entre ellas, la estrecha relación salud bucal-dientes, la salud atada a prácticas saludables y a la utilización de servicios de salud y salud bucal como ventaja social, relacionada con la estética.<br>Based on the theory of social representations, a qualitative investigation was conducted in order to assess social representations in oral heath in pregnant mothers living in an urban environment. Twenty-eight pregnant adult women attending a prenatal program at a health institution in the city of Medellín, Colombia, were interviewed. The interviews were recorded and transcribed; analysis was performed through open, axial and selective coding, in line with grounded theory. Findings revealed that although pregnant mothers are not greatly concerned about oral health after birth and in early childhood, it increases in importance during growth and development of the child when, besides chewing and feeding aspects, it acquires a socially important role. Analysis revealed how social representations anchored in tradition, with new elements from health professional discourses as well as mass media influences coexist in mothers in an urban environment. These include the close relationship between oral health and teeth, health linked to healthy practices as well as recourse to health services and oral health as a social advantage, related to esthetic aspects

100 Cartas para Paulo Freire de quienes pretendemos Enseñar

Realizar un texto colectivo como “100 Cartas para Paule Freire de quienes pretendemos Enseñar”, es un desafío al reunir el aprehender desde el sentido profesional de la educación y con el espíritu de transformación, desde la educación como un espacio endógeno de revolución y exógeno a las comunidades y sociedades, en busca de un sentido de identidad. Hoy desde una crítica decolonial, antirracista, feminista y ecologica en la construcción de un sentido real que busque enfrentar el sistema hegemónico y destructivo que se ha impuesto con explotación, sangre y libertades de nuestro pueblo

Weaning from mechanical ventilation in intensive care units across 50 countries (WEAN SAFE): a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study

International audienceBackground: Current management practices and outcomes in weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation are poorly understood. We aimed to describe the epidemiology, management, timings, risk for failure, and outcomes of weaning in patients requiring at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation. Methods: WEAN SAFE was an international, multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study done in 481 intensive care units in 50 countries. Eligible participants were older than 16 years, admitted to a participating intensive care unit, and receiving mechanical ventilation for 2 calendar days or longer. We defined weaning initiation as the first attempt to separate a patient from the ventilator, successful weaning as no reintubation or death within 7 days of extubation, and weaning eligibility criteria based on positive end-expiratory pressure, fractional concentration of oxygen in inspired air, and vasopressors. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients successfully weaned at 90 days. Key secondary outcomes included weaning duration, timing of weaning events, factors associated with weaning delay and weaning failure, and hospital outcomes. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03255109. Findings: Between Oct 4, 2017, and June 25, 2018, 10 232 patients were screened for eligibility, of whom 5869 were enrolled. 4523 (77·1%) patients underwent at least one separation attempt and 3817 (65·0%) patients were successfully weaned from ventilation at day 90. 237 (4·0%) patients were transferred before any separation attempt, 153 (2·6%) were transferred after at least one separation attempt and not successfully weaned, and 1662 (28·3%) died while invasively ventilated. The median time from fulfilling weaning eligibility criteria to first separation attempt was 1 day (IQR 0–4), and 1013 (22·4%) patients had a delay in initiating first separation of 5 or more days. Of the 4523 (77·1%) patients with separation attempts, 2927 (64·7%) had a short wean (≤1 day), 457 (10·1%) had intermediate weaning (2–6 days), 433 (9·6%) required prolonged weaning (≥7 days), and 706 (15·6%) had weaning failure. Higher sedation scores were independently associated with delayed initiation of weaning. Delayed initiation of weaning and higher sedation scores were independently associated with weaning failure. 1742 (31·8%) of 5479 patients died in the intensive care unit and 2095 (38·3%) of 5465 patients died in hospital. Interpretation: In critically ill patients receiving at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation, only 65% were weaned at 90 days. A better understanding of factors that delay the weaning process, such as delays in weaning initiation or excessive sedation levels, might improve weaning success rates. Funding: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, European Respiratory Society