68 research outputs found

    Height and timing of growth spurt during puberty in young people living with vertically acquired HIV in Europe and Thailand

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    Objective: The aim of this study was to describe growth during puberty in young people with vertically acquired HIV. Design: Pooled data from 12 paediatric HIV cohorts in Europe and Thailand. Methods: One thousand and ninety-four children initiating a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor or boosted protease inhibitor based regimen aged 1-10 years were included. Super Imposition by Translation And Rotation (SITAR) models described growth from age 8 years using three parameters (average height, timing and shape of the growth spurt), dependent on age and height-for-age z-score (HAZ) (WHO references) at antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. Multivariate regression explored characteristics associated with these three parameters. Results: At ART initiation, median age and HAZ was 6.4 [interquartile range (IQR): 2.8, 9.0] years and -1.2 (IQR: -2.3 to -0.2), respectively. Median follow-up was 9.1 (IQR: 6.9, 11.4) years. In girls, older age and lower HAZ at ART initiation were independently associated with a growth spurt which occurred 0.41 (95% confidence interval 0.20-0.62) years later in children starting ART age 6 to 10 years compared with 1 to 2 years and 1.50 (1.21-1.78) years later in those starting with HAZ less than -3 compared with HAZ at least -1. Later growth spurts in girls resulted in continued height growth into later adolescence. In boys starting ART with HAZ less than -1, growth spurts were later in children starting ART in the oldest age group, but for HAZ at least -1, there was no association with age. Girls and boys who initiated ART with HAZ at least -1 maintained a similar height to the WHO reference mean. Conclusion: Stunting at ART initiation was associated with later growth spurts in girls. Children with HAZ at least -1 at ART initiation grew in height at the level expected in HIV negative children of a comparable age

    Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

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    Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

    RĂ©sistance de la crevette Litopenaeus stylirostris Ă  la bactĂ©rie pathogĂšne Vibrio penaeicida : Physiologie, immunologie et pathologie comparĂ©es d’une population sĂ©lectionnĂ©e sur un critĂšre de survie aux Ă©pisodes de mortalitĂ© et d’une population tĂ©moin non sĂ©lectionnĂ©e.

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    The New-Caledonian shrimp industry is based on the controlled reproduction of the shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris, a species which was introduced in the 80s. The major difficulty to which the industry has been faced for 10 years is the occurrence of the “Syndrome 93”, which corresponds to mortality phases when the temperature falls down in April-May-June. This mortality is associated to the pathogenic bacteria Vibrio penaecida. An experiment of genetic selection based on the criterion ofsurvival to Syndrome 93 has been conducted at the Laboratory of Aquaculture of New Caledonia. The 3rd selected generation had demonstrated very encouraging results (survival rates improved by around 20% in experimental infections with V. penaeicida). These results have not been confirmed at the 4th generation and no difference in terms of physiology and immunology appears between the selected population and the non-selected control population. The potential causes of these results are examined and proposals for protocol improvements are given.La filiĂšre crevette de Nouvelle-CalĂ©donie reposesur la maĂźtrise de la reproduction contrĂŽlĂ©e de la crevette Litopenaeus stylirostris, espĂšce introduite dans les annĂ©es 1980. La difficultĂ© majeure que rencontre la filiĂšre depuis une dizaine d’annĂ©es est la rĂ©currence du « Syndrome 93 », qui s’exprime sous forme d’épisodes de mortalitĂ©s lors des baisses de tempĂ©rature aux intersaisons. Ces mortalitĂ©s sont associĂ©es Ă  la bactĂ©rie pathogĂšne Vibrio penaeicida Une expĂ©rience de sĂ©lection sur un critĂšre de survie Ă  des Ă©pisodes de Syndrome 93 a Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e au Laboratoire Aquacole de CalĂ©donie. La 3ĂšmegĂ©nĂ©ration sĂ©lectionnĂ©e avait montrĂ© des rĂ©sultats trĂšs encourageants (survies amĂ©liorĂ©es de l’ordre de 20% lors d’infections expĂ©rimentales Ă  V. penaeicida). Ces rĂ©sultats ne sont pas confirmĂ©s en 4Ăšme gĂ©nĂ©ration et aucune diffĂ©rence en termes physio-et immunologique n’apparaĂźt entre la population sĂ©lectionnĂ©e et la population tĂ©moin non sĂ©lectionnĂ©e. Les causes potentielles de ces rĂ©sultats sont examinĂ©es et des propositions d’amĂ©lioration de protocoles sont avancĂ©es

    L’aquaculture de crevettes : Pathologies et solutions envisageables.

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    L’élevage des crevettes pĂ©nĂ©ides a connu un dĂ©veloppement spectaculaire Ă  l’échelle mondiale depuis les annĂ©es soixante-dix, en particulier grĂące Ă  la maĂźtrise de l’ensemble du cycle biologique en captivitĂ© de plusieurs espĂšces d’intĂ©rĂȘt aquacole (Aquacop, 1979). Elle a en effet permis de s’affranchir de l’approvisionnement alĂ©atoire en juvĂ©niles de pĂȘche et en gĂ©niteurs sauvages, et par voie de consĂ©quence de domestiquer ces espĂšces, c'est-Ă -dire de les sĂ©lectionner spontanĂ©ment pour de meilleures aptitudes Ă  l’élevage. Cette Ă©volution est similaire Ă  celle de filiĂšres piscicoles. Cependant les pathologies infectieuses reprĂ©sentent un frein important au dĂ©veloppement ultĂ©rieur de ces activitĂ©s. De maniĂšre gĂ©nĂ©rale, une pathologie infectieuse est la consĂ©quence d’une rupture d’équilibre entre un hĂŽte, son environnement et un ou plusieurs pathogĂšnes (Lightner & Redman, 1998). Toute tentative de lutte contre une pathologie nĂ©cessite une meilleure connaissance de ces 3 compartiments ainsi que leurs interactions. Le prĂ©sent rapport vise Ă  synthĂ©tiser les informations scientifiques essentielles utiles Ă  la mise au point de stratĂ©gies de lutte contre ces pathologies en pĂ©nĂ©iculture. Un premier point sur les pathogĂšnes sera dĂ©veloppĂ© avant d’évoquer les principaux descripteurs de la santĂ© de la crevette. Enfin, les diffĂ©rentes possibilitĂ©s de gestion des pathologies en crevetticulture, dont l’une est la sĂ©lection gĂ©nĂ©tique, seront passĂ©es en revue

    Multifactorial approaches for interaction studies between Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and two virulent Vibrio, V. splendidus and V. aestuarianus : epidemiology, variable host susceptibility and pathogenesis

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    L’ostrĂ©iculture, dominĂ©e par l’élevage de l’huĂźtre creuse Crassostrea gigas, reprĂ©sente plus de 70% du chiffre d’affaire rĂ©alisĂ© par l’aquaculture française. Au sein des Ă©cosystĂšmes aquatiques, les bactĂ©ries appartenant au genre Vibrio forment l’un des groupes bactĂ©riens les plus abondamment reprĂ©sentĂ©s. Deux espĂšces, Vibrio splendidus et Vibrio aestuarianus, sont frĂ©quemment associĂ©es et de façon rĂ©currente, Ă  des mortalitĂ©s sĂ©vissant dans les Ă©levages d’huĂźtre creuse Crassostrea gigas, le plus souvent en pĂ©riode estivale. Ce travail de thĂšse avait pour objectifs d’étudier des interactions Vibrio-huĂźtre et leurs modulations en fonction de la virulence des pathogĂšnes et des paramĂštres gĂ©nĂ©tiques et physiologiques de l’hĂŽte. Le dĂ©veloppement d’outils de dĂ©tection et de quantification sensibles et spĂ©cifiques et la maĂźtrise de protocoles d’infection expĂ©rimentale Ă  Vibrio ont permis d’explorer des mĂ©canismes de virulence, d’étudier la variabilitĂ© de la sensibilitĂ© des huĂźtres Ă  ces Vibrio et de caractĂ©riser la pathogenĂšse. L’étude de la diversitĂ© spĂ©cifique des souches bactĂ©riennes isolĂ©es dans un contexte de mortalitĂ© estivale sur une large Ă©chelle de temps et d’espace a permis de montrer la prĂ©dominance Ă©pidĂ©miologique du groupe V. splendidus et de l’espĂšce V. aestuarianus associĂ©e aux Ă©pisodes de mortalitĂ© estivale de C. gigas en France. Une corrĂ©lation ayant Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e entre pouvoir pathogĂšne et activitĂ© mĂ©talloprotĂ©asique, un test phĂ©notypique prĂ©dictif de la virulence des souches a Ă©tĂ© proposĂ©. L’exploration du phĂ©nomĂšne de synergie dans la pathogĂ©nicitĂ© des deux souches observĂ© en co-injection expĂ©rimentale a conduit Ă  la mise en Ă©vidence de l’existence d’un systĂšme de quorum sensing rĂ©gulant aux niveaux intraspĂ©cifique (V. splendidus) et interspĂ©cifique (V. splendidus/V. aestuarianus) la production et l’expression au niveau transcriptionnel des gĂšnes codant les mĂ©talloprotĂ©ases Vsm et Vam des deux souches Ă©tudiĂ©es. L’analyse statistique des cinĂ©tiques de mortalitĂ© obtenues chez des familles de demi-frĂšres diploĂŻdes et triploĂŻdes soumises Ă  un protocole de co-infection standardisĂ©e rĂ©vĂšle une sensibilitĂ© accrue des huĂźtres Ă  cette vibriose expĂ©rimentale, en pĂ©riode de gamĂ©togenĂšse active. Les huĂźtres triploĂŻdes soumises Ă  cette mĂȘme infection expĂ©rimentale n’ont prĂ©sentĂ© aucun avantage significatif. L’existence d’une base gĂ©nĂ©tique de la sensibilitĂ© des huĂźtres aux vibrioses expĂ©rimentales a Ă©tĂ© illustrĂ©e par l’évaluation des sensibilitĂ©s de quatorze familles de la cinquiĂšme gĂ©nĂ©ration (G5) issue du programme de sĂ©lection divergente rĂ©alisĂ©e dans le cadre de MOREST. Cette Ă©tude a Ă©galement permis la description de co-infections Ă  herpĂšs virus OsHV-1 et V. aestuarianus suggĂ©rant une multi-Ă©tiologie des phĂ©nomĂšnes de mortalitĂ© estivale. Une Ă©tude de pathogenĂšse Ă  V. splendidus et V. aestuarianus rĂ©alisĂ©e par cohabitation a visĂ© l’exploration des interactions liant l’huĂźtre creuse C. gigas et les Vibrio virulents, V. splendidus et V. aestuarianus, ou non virulents prĂ©sents naturellement dans la flore endogĂšne de l’hĂ©molymphe ou dans l’eau des aquariums. Cette nouvelle approche a permis de mettre en Ă©vidence la rapiditĂ© de transmission des Vibrio virulents des huĂźtres infectĂ©es aux huĂźtres sentinelles en moins de deux heures, accompagnĂ©e d’une perturbation significative, prĂ©coce et transitoire de la rĂ©ponse immunitaire de l’hĂŽte au niveau transcriptionnel au cours des six premiĂšres heures de cohabitation. La prise en charge diffĂ©rentielle des Vibrio pathogĂšnes et des Vibrio commensaux par l’huĂźtre suggĂšre l’existence de mĂ©canismes conduisant Ă  une spĂ©cificitĂ© des rĂ©ponses de l’huĂźtre visant l’élimination des Vibrio pathogĂšnes et le maintien d’une flore vibrionacĂ©e endogĂšne probablement bĂ©nĂ©fique pour C. gigas.Oyster production is the main aquaculture activity in France and is dominated by the rearing of Crassostrea gigas. In the aquatic ecosystems where the species is grown, bacteria of the genus Vibrio are found to be dominant. Two Vibrio species, V. splendidus and V. aestuarianus, are frequently associated with Crassostrea gigas summer mortality episodes. The aims of this work were to study Vibrio-oyster interactions and their modulations according to virulence mechanisms and to genetic and physiological parameters of the host. Using specific, sensitive and quantifying diagnostic tools developed in this study, as well as standardized experimental infection trials, some components of the virulence of Vibrio strains and host susceptibility were delineated and the dynamics of Vibrio infection characterized through pathogenesis studies.The study of the specific diversity of bacterial strains isolated during summer mortality events, on broad temporal and spatial scales, revealed an epidemiological association of the group V. splendidus and the species V. aestuarianus. Because a correlation has been observed between pathogenicity and metalloprotease activity, a predictive phenotypic test of virulence was developed. Exploration of the synergy phenomenon between the pathogenicity of the two strains observed in experimental co-injection led to the characterisation of a system of quorum sensing controlling the production and transcriptional expression of the gene encoding metalloprotease Vsm and Vam at the intraspecific (V. splendidus) and interspecific level (V. splendidus/V. aestuarianus).The statistical analysis of mortality kinetics in half-sib diploid and triploid families subjected to experimental vibriosis by co-infection revealed an increased susceptibility of oysters during the period of active gametogenesis. The triploid oysters subjected to this same experimental infection did not show any significant advantage. The existence of a genetic basis for oyster susceptibility to experimental vibriosis was illustrated by the evaluation of the susceptibilities of fourteen families of the fifth generation (G5) from a program of divergent selection carried out within the MOREST oyster summer mortality research project. This study also allowed the description of co-infections involving the herpes OsHV-1 virus and V. aestuarianus, suggesting multi-etiologic summer mortalities. A pathogenesis study on V. splendidus and V. aestuarianus, performed by cohabitation, was used to explore interactions between C. gigas and pathogenic Vibrio (V. splendidus and V. aestuarianus), or non pathogenic Vibrio found naturally in the endogenous flora of the oyster hemolymph or in the water of the aquaria. This new approach demonstrated a fast transmission of pathogenic Vibrio between infected oysters and sentinels, in less than two hours. Moreover, a significant early and transient disturbance of the defence response of the host was revealed at the transcriptional level during the first six hours of cohabitation. The differential loads of pathogenic and commensal Vibrio in oysters suggest the existence of discriminatory mechanisms, leading to a specificity of the response aiming to eliminate pathogenic Vibrio and maintain a potentially beneficial endogenous bacterial flora in C. gigas

    Etude des tris précoces en élevage de crevettes P. stylirostris dans un objectif de sélection génétique. Février à Juillet 2000.

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    Schemes optimisation for genetic improvement for growth of Penaeus stylirostris requires the development of technologies for grading shrimps easily. This work shows that bar and mesh graders are very suitable for early selection at post-larval stages, as long as early growth is heritable. Experimental data sets lead to the equations which give the grading weight as a function of the dimensions of the graders. Mesh graders which allow an earlier selection than bar graders (PL19 instead of PL25) open a new way to implement experimental selection into production hatcheries.L’optimisation des schĂ©mas d’amĂ©lioration gĂ©nĂ©tique de la croissance de Penaeus stylirostris, passe nĂ©cessairement par la mise au point des techniques de tri rapide et facile Ă  mettre en oeuvre par les acteurs de la filiĂšre. Ce travail montre que les trieurs Ă  barreaux ou Ă  maille sont des outils adaptĂ©s Ă  une sĂ©lection prĂ©coce en sortie d’écloserie, dans la mesure oĂč la croissance prĂ©coce s’avĂšrerait hĂ©ritable. Les tris expĂ©rimentaux ont permis d’établir les formules permettant de calculer les poids de tris en fonction des dimensions des trieurs. Les trieurs Ă  maille qui permettent de trier les crevettes dĂšs PL19 ouvrent des perspectives intĂ©ressantes pour intĂ©grer une dĂ©marche de sĂ©lection expĂ©rimentale au sein des Ă©closeries de production

    Approches multifactorielles pour l’étude d’interactions entre l’huĂźtre creuse Crassostrea gigas et deux Vibrio pathogĂšnes, V. splendidus et V. aestuarianus : Ă©pidĂ©miologie, variabilitĂ© de la sensibilitĂ© de l’hĂŽte et pathogenĂšse

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    Oyster production is the main aquaculture activity in France and is dominated by the rearing of Crassostrea gigas. In the aquatic ecosystems where the species is grown, bacteria of the genus Vibrio are found to be dominant. Two Vibrio species, V. splendidus and V. aestuarianus, are frequently associated with Crassostrea gigas summer mortality episodes. The aims of this work were to study Vibrio-oyster interactions and their modulations according to virulence mechanisms and to genetic and physiological parameters of the host. Using specific, sensitive and quantifying diagnostic tools developed in this study, as well as standardized experimental infection trials, some components of the virulence of Vibrio strains and host susceptibility were delineated and the dynamics of Vibrio infection characterized through pathogenesis studies.The study of the specific diversity of bacterial strains isolated during summer mortality events, on broad temporal and spatial scales, revealed an epidemiological association of the group V. splendidus and the species V. aestuarianus. Because a correlation has been observed between pathogenicity and metalloprotease activity, a predictive phenotypic test of virulence was developed. Exploration of the synergy phenomenon between the pathogenicity of the two strains observed in experimental co-injection led to the characterisation of a system of quorum sensing controlling the production and transcriptional expression of the gene encoding metalloprotease Vsm and Vam at the intraspecific (V. splendidus) and interspecific level (V. splendidus/V. aestuarianus).The statistical analysis of mortality kinetics in half-sib diploid and triploid families subjected to experimental vibriosis by co-infection revealed an increased susceptibility of oysters during the period of active gametogenesis. The triploid oysters subjected to this same experimental infection did not show any significant advantage. The existence of a genetic basis for oyster susceptibility to experimental vibriosis was illustrated by the evaluation of the susceptibilities of fourteen families of the fifth generation (G5) from a program of divergent selection carried out within the MOREST oyster summer mortality research project. This study also allowed the description of co-infections involving the herpes OsHV-1 virus and V. aestuarianus, suggesting multi-etiologic summer mortalities. A pathogenesis study on V. splendidus and V. aestuarianus, performed by cohabitation, was used to explore interactions between C. gigas and pathogenic Vibrio (V. splendidus and V. aestuarianus), or non pathogenic Vibrio found naturally in the endogenous flora of the oyster hemolymph or in the water of the aquaria. This new approach demonstrated a fast transmission of pathogenic Vibrio between infected oysters and sentinels, in less than two hours. Moreover, a significant early and transient disturbance of the defence response of the host was revealed at the transcriptional level during the first six hours of cohabitation. The differential loads of pathogenic and commensal Vibrio in oysters suggest the existence of discriminatory mechanisms, leading to a specificity of the response aiming to eliminate pathogenic Vibrio and maintain a potentially beneficial endogenous bacterial flora in C. gigas.L’ostrĂ©iculture, dominĂ©e par l’élevage de l’huĂźtre creuse Crassostrea gigas, reprĂ©sente plus de 70% du chiffre d’affaire rĂ©alisĂ© par l’aquaculture française. Au sein des Ă©cosystĂšmes aquatiques, les bactĂ©ries appartenant au genre Vibrio forment l’un des groupes bactĂ©riens les plus abondamment reprĂ©sentĂ©s. Deux espĂšces, Vibrio splendidus et Vibrio aestuarianus, sont frĂ©quemment associĂ©es et de façon rĂ©currente, Ă  des mortalitĂ©s sĂ©vissant dans les Ă©levages d’huĂźtre creuse Crassostrea gigas, le plus souvent en pĂ©riode estivale. Ce travail de thĂšse avait pour objectifs d’étudier des interactions Vibrio-huĂźtre et leurs modulations en fonction de la virulence des pathogĂšnes et des paramĂštres gĂ©nĂ©tiques et physiologiques de l’hĂŽte. Le dĂ©veloppement d’outils de dĂ©tection et de quantification sensibles et spĂ©cifiques et la maĂźtrise de protocoles d’infection expĂ©rimentale Ă  Vibrio ont permis d’explorer des mĂ©canismes de virulence, d’étudier la variabilitĂ© de la sensibilitĂ© des huĂźtres Ă  ces Vibrio et de caractĂ©riser la pathogenĂšse. L’étude de la diversitĂ© spĂ©cifique des souches bactĂ©riennes isolĂ©es dans un contexte de mortalitĂ© estivale sur une large Ă©chelle de temps et d’espace a permis de montrer la prĂ©dominance Ă©pidĂ©miologique du groupe V. splendidus et de l’espĂšce V. aestuarianus associĂ©e aux Ă©pisodes de mortalitĂ© estivale de C. gigas en France. Une corrĂ©lation ayant Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e entre pouvoir pathogĂšne et activitĂ© mĂ©talloprotĂ©asique, un test phĂ©notypique prĂ©dictif de la virulence des souches a Ă©tĂ© proposĂ©. L’exploration du phĂ©nomĂšne de synergie dans la pathogĂ©nicitĂ© des deux souches observĂ© en co-injection expĂ©rimentale a conduit Ă  la mise en Ă©vidence de l’existence d’un systĂšme de quorum sensing rĂ©gulant aux niveaux intraspĂ©cifique (V. splendidus) et interspĂ©cifique (V. splendidus/V. aestuarianus) la production et l’expression au niveau transcriptionnel des gĂšnes codant les mĂ©talloprotĂ©ases Vsm et Vam des deux souches Ă©tudiĂ©es. L’analyse statistique des cinĂ©tiques de mortalitĂ© obtenues chez des familles de demi-frĂšres diploĂŻdes et triploĂŻdes soumises Ă  un protocole de co-infection standardisĂ©e rĂ©vĂšle une sensibilitĂ© accrue des huĂźtres Ă  cette vibriose expĂ©rimentale, en pĂ©riode de gamĂ©togenĂšse active. Les huĂźtres triploĂŻdes soumises Ă  cette mĂȘme infection expĂ©rimentale n’ont prĂ©sentĂ© aucun avantage significatif. L’existence d’une base gĂ©nĂ©tique de la sensibilitĂ© des huĂźtres aux vibrioses expĂ©rimentales a Ă©tĂ© illustrĂ©e par l’évaluation des sensibilitĂ©s de quatorze familles de la cinquiĂšme gĂ©nĂ©ration (G5) issue du programme de sĂ©lection divergente rĂ©alisĂ©e dans le cadre de MOREST. Cette Ă©tude a Ă©galement permis la description de co-infections Ă  herpĂšs virus OsHV-1 et V. aestuarianus suggĂ©rant une multi-Ă©tiologie des phĂ©nomĂšnes de mortalitĂ© estivale. Une Ă©tude de pathogenĂšse Ă  V. splendidus et V. aestuarianus rĂ©alisĂ©e par cohabitation a visĂ© l’exploration des interactions liant l’huĂźtre creuse C. gigas et les Vibrio virulents, V. splendidus et V. aestuarianus, ou non virulents prĂ©sents naturellement dans la flore endogĂšne de l’hĂ©molymphe ou dans l’eau des aquariums. Cette nouvelle approche a permis de mettre en Ă©vidence la rapiditĂ© de transmission des Vibrio virulents des huĂźtres infectĂ©es aux huĂźtres sentinelles en moins de deux heures, accompagnĂ©e d’une perturbation significative, prĂ©coce et transitoire de la rĂ©ponse immunitaire de l’hĂŽte au niveau transcriptionnel au cours des six premiĂšres heures de cohabitation. La prise en charge diffĂ©rentielle des Vibrio pathogĂšnes et des Vibrio commensaux par l’huĂźtre suggĂšre l’existence de mĂ©canismes conduisant Ă  une spĂ©cificitĂ© des rĂ©ponses de l’huĂźtre visant l’élimination des Vibrio pathogĂšnes et le maintien d’une flore vibrionacĂ©e endogĂšne probablement bĂ©nĂ©fique pour C. gigas
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