The study of antiepileptic activity of clove oil in chemical induced convulsions in mice

Background: The objective was to evaluate and compare the effect of an extract of essential oil of clove with the standard sodium valproate on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced seizures in animal models.Methods: A total of 30 mice were taken, they were given a chemo shock at the concentration of 60 mg/kg using PTZ. 30 mice were divided into 5 groups of 6 animals each the control group received distilled water 5 ml/kg i.p., standard received injection sodium valproate 200 mg/kg i.p. another group received sesame oil – 10 ml/kg i.p. (control), test groups received Clove oil - 0.075 ml/kg i.p., clove oil - 0.1 ml/kg i.p., respectively. All the injections were given 30 mins before the administration of PTZ.Results: Clove oil produced a significant antiepileptic effect at all the doses.Conclusion: Clove oil has shown significant antiepileptic activity in mice

Differential scanning calorimetry and wide-angle X-ray scattering studies of bread staling

Wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) was used to follow the development of crystal size and strain during the staling of bread containing different additives. In this it was observed that one can classify the good anti-staling additives as gelatin, propylene glycol, maltodextrin and anti-staling enzyme corresponding to the order of increasing crystal size for a particular Bragg reflection in all the samples and correlate using DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) studies of all the bread compositions containing different additives. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

Efficacy and safety of 1% terbinafine hydrochloride versus 2% sertaconazole cream in the treatment of tinea corporis

Background: Tinea corporis is a common superficial dermatophytosis seen in tropical countries. This study was done to compare the efficacy and safety of topical antifungal agents, terbinafine versus sertaconazole in the treatment of tinea corporis.Methods: This study was conducted in Babuji Hospital and Chigateri Government Hospital, Davangere. A total of 60 (n=60) patients were included and divided into two groups of 30 patients each in the study. 1st group - received topical 1% terbinafine hydrochloride and 2nd group - received 2% sertaconazole cream. Patients were advised to apply cream twice daily for 4 weeks. Improvement in clinical parameters like erythema, scaling, itching, and potassium hydroxide (KOH) mount were taken for assessing the efficacy of drugs. They were followed-up at the end of 2, 4, and 6 weeks to assess the improvement of the condition. Complete cure rate was defined as mycological cure with a complete absence of clinical signs and symptoms. For safety data of both drugs presence of any local side effects (like stinging sensation, swelling and increased erythema) were analyzed in both groups. Statistical analysis was done using students paired t-test and unpaired t-test.Results: When two groups were compared at the end of 2 weeks, complete cure rate for terbinafine was 80% as compared to 63.3% for sertaconazole (p0.05) results were obtained. KOH mount was negative in both groups at the end of 2nd week. Local side effects like erythema, swelling, stinging sensation were not noticed during the study in both the groups.Conclusion: From this study, it was shown that 2% sertaconazole cream was as effective as 1% terbinafine cream, though 1% terbinafine had higher rates of complete cure at the end of 2 weeks as compared to sertaconazole

X-ray analysis of different starch granules

Crystal sizes and lattice distortion parameters for root, pulse and cereal starch granules have been determined using observed X-ray diffraction reflections by Fourier method. Enthalpy for the formation of the lattice in root, pulse and cereal starches has been estimated and compared. It is found that the crystal size is normally high in root starch compared to pulse and cereal starches

Orientational distribution function in nematic liquid crystals by x-rays: Fourier method

The existing methods for the determination of the orientational distribution function f(beta) in the nematic liquid crystals using X-rays have been reviewed. A simple Fourier method which gives f(beta) in terms of the measured intensity is analysed. Using this distribution function, the accuracy with which the order parameters could be evaluated is discussed and the results show the elegance of the Fourier method used here

Prescribing pattern of antipsychotic medications in patients with schizophrenia in a tertiary care hospital

Background: The objective of thisstudy was to study the prescribing pattern of antipsychotic medications in patients with schizophrenia in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: An observational study was conducted in psychiatry outpatient department (OPD) of Bapuji and Chigateri hospital attached to Jagadguru Jayadeva Murugarajendra medical college, Davangere. The data collected, had information about age, gender, education, occupation, marital status and drug prescription that included trade name, generic name, dosage and frequency of administration of 100 outpatients who attended the psychiatry OPD.Results: A total of 100 prescriptions were analyzed of which 6% was monotherapy, where Asenapine was the only drug used and rest 94% was combination therapy. About 94% of the combination therapy included the use of single antipsychotic with anticholinergic drug and multiple antipsychotics with anticholinergic drug. A combination of multiple antipsychotics with anticholinergic was most commonly used, that is trifluoperazine and chlorpromazine  (36%), followed by trifluoperazine and risperidone (13%), trifluoperazine and quetiapine (8%), risperidone and quetiapine (7%), trifluoperazine, chlorpromazine along with quetiapine (3%). Among single antipsychotic with anticholinergic, risperidone (20%) was most commonly used, followed by Trifluoperazine (7%). Use of the anticholinergic drug, Trihexyphenidyl accounts to 94% of the total prescriptions.Conclusions: Schizophrenia is mostly seen in males, middle age group and unemployed people. The present study showed that combination therapy is preferred for the treatment of Schizophrenia. Despite several side-effects, typical antipsychotics, especially trifluoperazine was the most commonly used drug, followed by chlorpromazine either alone or in combination. Among atypical antipsychotics, risperidone was commonly used followed by quetiapine and asenapine. Most of the patients received trihexyphenidyl, an anticholinergic drug along with antipsychotics to reduce extra pyramidal side-effects

Prescribing pattern of antidepressants in psychiatric unit of a tertiary care hospital

Background: The objective was to study the prescribing pattern of antidepressants in psychiatric unit of a tertiary care hospital.Methods: An observational study was carried out at psychiatry out-patient department (OPD). The data which were collected included information about age, gender, education, occupation, marital status and drug prescription included trade name, generic name, dosage, and frequency of 100 outpatients who attended the psychiatry OPD.Results: Among 100 patients with major depression 66% were females and 34% were males. Depression was more commonly seen between patients with age group 21-40 years. Depression was more common among housewives (44%) and next was students (18%). Percentage of depression was more in educated people with (72%) than in uneducated with (28%). Depression was more commonly seen in married people with (77%) than in unmarried people (23%). Most commonly prescribed antidepressant as monotherapy was fluoxetine and as combination therapy was fluoxetine and escitalopram.Conclusions: Depression is more commonly seen in married people predominantly in females and housewives. Fluoxetine is more commonly used followed by escitalopram. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are preferred over other antidepressant because of their relative lesser side effects

Consumers perception towards MTR food products in palace city of Karnataka

This paper examines the history of MTR and its products. The paper analyses uniqueness or products, consumer behavior towards products. Focuses on consumer opinion towards pricing of products. The paper evaluates the distribution effectiveness of products. And also this paper offers suggestions for future development

Evaluation of the effects of the anti-retroviral drug regimen (zidovudine + lamivudine + nevirapine) on CD4 count, body weight, and Hb% of the HIV patients-a retrospective study

Abstract The main objective of study is to evaluate the effectiveness of triple drug therapy Zidovudine + lamivudine + nevirapine on cd 4 counts, weight and Hb% for the duration of 6 months. In this retrospective study, data was collected from the anti-retroviral therapy (ART) centre where 315 subjects infected with HIV received ZIDOVUDINE + LAMIVUDINE + NEVIRAPINE. Baseline and after 6 months of therapy; CD4 count, weight and Hb% were recorded and compared. Records with incomplete data were excluded. Statistical analysis was done using paired 't' test for body weight , Hb% and CD4 count.It was found that after 6 months of treatment, both CD4 count and body weight improved significantly(p value: 0.001). Whereas in case of haemoglobin %, even after the treatment period, no significant changes were observed in Hb % (p value: 0.227).It was concluded that ZLN regimen for treatment in HIV patient is efficacious in improving both CD4 count and body weight and not Hb%