Mechanical, Cardiorespiratory, and Muscular Oxygenation Responses to Sprint Interval Exercises Under Different Hypoxic Conditions in Healthy Moderately Trained Men.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of sprint interval exercises (SIT) conducted under different conditions (hypoxia and blood flow restriction [BFR]) on mechanical, cardiorespiratory, and muscular O <sub>2</sub> extraction responses. Methods: For this purpose, 13 healthy moderately trained men completed five bouts of 30 s all-out exercises interspaced by 4 min resting periods with lower limb bilateral BFR at 60% of the femoral artery occlusive pressure (BFR <sub>60</sub> ) during the first 2 min of recovery, with gravity-induced BFR (pedaling in supine position; G-BFR), in a hypoxic chamber (FiO <sub>2</sub> ≈13%; HYP) or without additional stress (NOR). Peak and average power, time to achieve peak power, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and a fatigue index (FI) were analyzed. Gas exchanges and muscular oxygenation were measured by metabolic cart and NIRS, respectively. Heart rate (HR) and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO <sub>2</sub> ) were continuously recorded. Results: Regarding mechanical responses, peak and average power decreased after each sprint (p < 0.001) excepting between sprints four and five. Time to reach peak power increased between the three first sprints and sprint number five (p < 0.001). RPE increased throughout the exercises (p < 0.001). Of note, peak and average power, time to achieve peak power and RPE were lower in G-BFR (p < 0.001). Results also showed that SpO <sub>2</sub> decreased in the last sprints for all the conditions and was lower for HYP (p < 0.001). In addition, Δ[O <sub>2</sub> Hb] increased in the last two sprints (p < 0.001). Concerning cardiorespiratory parameters, BFR <sub>60</sub> application induced a decrease in gas exchange rates, which increased after its release compared to the other conditions (p < 0.001). Moreover, muscle blood concentration was higher for BFR <sub>60</sub> (p < 0.001). Importantly, average and peak oxygen consumption and muscular oxyhemoglobin availability during sprints decreased for HYP (p < 0.001). Finally, the tissue saturation index was lower in G-BFR. Conclusions: Thus, SIT associated with G-BFR displayed lower mechanical, cardiorespiratory responses, and skeletal muscle oxygenation than the other conditions. Exercise with BFR <sub>60</sub> promotes higher blood accumulation within working muscles, suggesting that BFR <sub>60</sub> may additionally affect cellular stress. In addition, HYP and G-BFR induced local hypoxia with higher levels for G-BFR when considering both exercise bouts and recovery periods

Enhanced shelf-life of the formulated biocontrol agent Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CPA-8 combining diverse packaging strategies and storage conditions

Two effective biocontrol products (named as BA3 and BA4) based on Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CPA-8 have been reported as a potential alternative to chemical applications against brown rot caused by Monilinia spp. on stone fruit. To have practical use, this study aimed to describe the best packaging strategies (bags or flasks, atmosphere, and temperature of storage) to not only guarantee efficacy but also stability and ease of application of the products to be handled through the normal channels of distribution and storage. In terms of the viability neither the BA3 nor the BA4 product has been compromised after twelve months of storage. However, storage at 4 °C affected the stability and visual aspect of both CPA-8 formulations, mainly associated not only to the increase of RH but also aw. Moreover, it should be pointed out that flasks did not conserve refrigerated BA3 samples in a suitable way, since RH and aw increased noticeably making their visual properties unsightly after 10 months of cold storage. At that time, the BA4 products were better preserved at 4 °C when packaged in flasks. Finally, this study also demonstrated that the most suitable packaging conditions for long-term storability (stored at 22 °C) did not show any negative effect in the biocontrol efficacy of CPA-8 in nectarines artificially infected with M. fructicola and provide suitable product delivery and field application. In conclusion, these results contribute to the final stage of development of these two CPA-8 products, practically ready for registration, thus contributing to the environmental-friendly management of postharvest diseases in stone fruit.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Wine making : defects in the process that originate costs of nonquality

Los costos de calidad se asocian a su planificación, control, evaluación de la conformidad y a los costos ocasionados por no cumplir con los requisitos de satisfacción de la fábrica o del cliente (productos o servicios con defectos). Los objetivos del trabajo son identificar las causas que provocan la ausencia o pérdida de calidad (no calidad), proponer acciones correctivas en el proceso de elaboración de vinos, midiendo la frecuencia de aparición y clasificando los costos de no calidad. Conocer la frecuencia de aparición de las causas de no calidad en las etapas del proceso de elaboración de vinos permitirá optimizar la gestión y reducir los costos al disminuir sus correcciones. El estudio identifica los factores que alteran la calidad de los vinos. La mayor frecuencia de defectos es de origen prefermentativo, que junto con los de crianza, conservación y originados en el viñedo explican el 79% de los mismos. Los defectos encontrados constituyen costos de prevención y evaluación pero serán falla interna si la bodega está integrada y se atribuirán a falla externa en el caso de productor no integrado. Los establecimientos en los que se pudo identificar y establecer frecuencia de aparición de los defectos que influyen en la calidad del vino son aquellos que tienen algún sistema de gestión de la calidad, ya que han normalizado los registros que actuarán como herramienta de gestión. Los encargados de gerenciar las bodegas deberían conocer los puntos críticos del proceso para realizar la gestión preventiva de los posibles defectos. Los costos que inciden en la calidad del producto a comercializar se deben registrar y controlar, y trazarlos hacia adelante para conocer la incidencia de los mismos en los precios finales, y hacia atrás para que en la planificación de la próxima elaboración se contemple la prevención correspondiente.The costs associated with quality planning, monitoring, evaluation of conformity and the costs incurred by failing to meet the requirements of satisfaction of the factory or customer (products or services with defects). Objectives of the study are to identify the causes the absence or loss of quality (not quality), propose corrective actions in the process of developing wines, by measuring the frequency and classifying the costs of not quality. Knowing the frequency of the causes of nonquality stages of Wine making process will optimize the management and cut costs by reducing its correction. The study identifies the factors that alter the quality of wines. The higher frequency of defects has origin in fermentation or in stages prior to this, along with the breeding, conservation and originated in the vineyard explaining 79% of them. Defects identified are costs of prevention and internal evaluation, but will fail if the cellar is integrated and will be allocated to external fault in the case of non-integrated producer. Wineries in which was able to identify and establish frequency of the defects that affect wine quality are those who have some system of quality management which is a cost of prevention and assessment, as they have standardized records that serve as a management tool. Those responsible for managing the wineries should be aware of the critical points of the process for conducting the preventive management of potential defects. The costs that have to do with the quality of the product to market, must be registered, controlled and monitored forward to know the impact of the same in the final prices and backward so that in planning the next development is contemplated prevention.Fil: Alturria, Laura V.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias Económico-Jurídico y SocialesFil: Antoniolli, Ester R.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias Económico-Jurídico y SocialesFil: Ceresa, Alejandro M.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias Económico-Jurídico y SocialesFil: Solsona, Juan E.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias Económico-Jurídico y SocialesFil: Winter, Patricia. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias Económico-Jurídico y Sociale

Vanadium Supported on Alumina and/or Zirconia Catalysts for the Selective Transformation of Ethane and Methanol

[EN] Vanadium supported on pure (Al2O3, ZrO2) or mixed zirconia-alumina (with Al/(Al + Zr) ratio of 0.75 or 0.25) catalysts have been prepared by wet impregnation, using homemade prepared supports. The catalysts have been characterized and tested in the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of ethane and in the methanol aerobic transformation. The catalytic performance strongly depends on the nature of the metal oxide support. Thus, activity decreases in the order: VOx/ZrO2 > VOx/(Al,Zr-oxides) > VOx/Al2O3. On the other hand, at low and medium ethane conversions, the selectivity to ethylene presents an opposite trend: VOx/Al2O3 > VOx/(Al,Zr-oxides) > VOx/ZrO2. The different selectivity to ethylene at high conversion is due to the lower/higher initial ethylene formation and to the extent of the ethylene decomposition. Interestingly, VOx/(Al,Zr-oxides) with low Zr-loading present the lowest ethylene decomposition. The catalytic results obtained mainly depend on the nature of the supports whereas the role of the dispersion of vanadium species is unclear. In methanol oxidation, the catalysts tested present similar catalytic activity regardless of the support (Al2O3, ZrO2 or mixed Al2O3-ZrO2) but strong differences in the selectivity to the reaction products. Thus, dimethyl ether was mainly observed on alumina-supported vanadium oxide catalysts (which is associated to the presence of acidic sites on the surface of the catalyst, as determined by TPD-NH3). Formaldehyde was the main reaction product on catalysts supported on Zr-containing oxides (which can be related to a low presence of acid sites). In this article, the importance of the presence of acid sites in ethane ODH, which can be estimated using the methanol transformation reaction, is also discussed.The authors would like to acknowledge the DGICYT (CTQ2015-68951-C3-1-R and MAT2017-84118-C2-1-R projects), the Secretary of State for International Cooperation in Spain (Project AP/040992/11) and FEDER for financial support. B.S. also thanks the University of Valencia (UV-INV-AE16-484416).Benomar, S.; Masso Ramírez, A.; Solsona Espriu, BE.; Isaadi, R.; López Nieto, JM. (2018). Vanadium Supported on Alumina and/or Zirconia Catalysts for the Selective Transformation of Ethane and Methanol. Catalysts. 8(4):1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal8040126S11884Chieregato, A., López Nieto, J. M., & Cavani, F. (2015). Mixed-oxide catalysts with vanadium as the key element for gas-phase reactions. Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 301-302, 3-23. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2014.12.003Nieto, J. M. L. (2006). The selective oxidative activation of light alkanes. From supported vanadia to multicomponent bulk V-containing catalysts. Topics in Catalysis, 41(1-4), 3-15. doi:10.1007/s11244-006-0088-4Wachs, I. E. (2013). Catalysis science of supported vanadium oxide catalysts. Dalton Transactions, 42(33), 11762. doi:10.1039/c3dt50692dJames, O. O., Mandal, S., Alele, N., Chowdhury, B., & Maity, S. (2016). Lower alkanes dehydrogenation: Strategies and reaction routes to corresponding alkenes. Fuel Processing Technology, 149, 239-255. doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2016.04.016Blasco, T., & Nieto, J. M. L. (1997). Oxidative dyhydrogenation of short chain alkanes on supported vanadium oxide catalysts. Applied Catalysis A: General, 157(1-2), 117-142. doi:10.1016/s0926-860x(97)00029-xKung, H. H., & Kung, M. C. (1997). Oxidative dehydrogenation of alkanes over vanadium-magnesium-oxides. Applied Catalysis A: General, 157(1-2), 105-116. doi:10.1016/s0926-860x(97)00028-8Cavani, F., & Trifirò, F. (1997). Some aspects that affect the selective oxidation of paraffins. Catalysis Today, 36(4), 431-439. doi:10.1016/s0920-5861(96)00234-9Bañares, M. A. (1999). Supported metal oxide and other catalysts for ethane conversion: a review. Catalysis Today, 51(2), 319-348. doi:10.1016/s0920-5861(99)00053-xBhasin, M. ., McCain, J. ., Vora, B. ., Imai, T., & Pujadó, P. . (2001). Dehydrogenation and oxydehydrogenation of paraffins to olefins. Applied Catalysis A: General, 221(1-2), 397-419. doi:10.1016/s0926-860x(01)00816-xCavani, F., Ballarini, N., & Cericola, A. (2007). Oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane and propane: How far from commercial implementation? Catalysis Today, 127(1-4), 113-131. doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2007.05.009Gärtner, C. A., van Veen, A. C., & Lercher, J. A. (2013). Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane: Common Principles and Mechanistic Aspects. ChemCatChem, 5(11), 3196-3217. doi:10.1002/cctc.201200966Galli, A., López Nieto, J. M., Dejoz, A., & Vazquez, M. I. (1995). The effect of potassium on the selective oxidation ofn-butane and ethane over Al2O3-supported vanadia catalysts. Catalysis Letters, 34(1-2), 51-58. doi:10.1007/bf00808321Argyle, M. D., Chen, K., Bell, A. T., & Iglesia, E. (2002). Ethane Oxidative Dehydrogenation Pathways on Vanadium Oxide Catalysts. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 106(21), 5421-5427. doi:10.1021/jp0144552Dinse, A., Ozarowski, A., Hess, C., Schomäcker, R., & Dinse, K.-P. (2008). Potential of High-Frequency EPR for Investigation of Supported Vanadium Oxide Catalysts. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 112(45), 17664-17671. doi:10.1021/jp807159fChen, K., Bell, A. T., & Iglesia, E. (2002). The Relationship between the Electronic and Redox Properties of Dispersed Metal Oxides and Their Turnover Rates in Oxidative Dehydrogenation Reactions. Journal of Catalysis, 209(1), 35-42. doi:10.1006/jcat.2002.3620López Nieto, J. M., Soler, J., Concepción, P., Herguido, J., Menéndez, M., & Santamarı́a, J. (1999). Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Alkanes over V-based Catalysts: Influence of Redox Properties on Catalytic Performance. Journal of Catalysis, 185(2), 324-332. doi:10.1006/jcat.1999.2467Argyle, M. D., Chen, K., Iglesia, E., & Bell, A. T. (2005). In situ UV−Visible Spectroscopic Measurements of Kinetic Parameters and Active Sites for Catalytic Oxidation of Alkanes on Vanadium Oxides†. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 109(6), 2414-2420. doi:10.1021/jp040166cAl-Ghamdi, S. A., & de Lasa, H. I. (2014). Propylene production via propane oxidative dehydrogenation over VOx/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. Fuel, 128, 120-140. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2014.02.033SOLSONA, B., DEJOZ, A., GARCIA, T., CONCEPCION, P., NIETO, J., VAZQUEZ, M., & NAVARRO, M. (2006). Molybdenum–vanadium supported on mesoporous alumina catalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane. Catalysis Today, 117(1-3), 228-233. doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2006.05.025Chen, S., Ma, F., Xu, A., Wang, L., Chen, F., & Lu, W. (2014). Study on the structure, acidic properties of V–Zr nanocrystal catalysts in oxidative dehydrogenation of propane. Applied Surface Science, 289, 316-325. doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.10.158Elbadawi, A. H., Ba-Shammakh, M. S., Al-Ghamdi, S., Razzak, S. A., & Hossain, M. M. (2016). Reduction kinetics and catalytic activity of VO x /γ-Al 2 O 3 -ZrO 2 for gas phase oxygen free ODH of ethane. Chemical Engineering Journal, 284, 448-457. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2015.08.048Rostom, S., & de Lasa, H. I. (2017). Propane Oxidative Dehydrogenation Using Consecutive Feed Injections and Fluidizable VOx/γAl2O3 and VOx/ZrO2–γAl2O3 Catalysts. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 56(45), 13109-13124. doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.7b01369HERACLEOUS, E., & LEMONIDOU, A. (2006). Ni–Nb–O mixed oxides as highly active and selective catalysts for ethene production via ethane oxidative dehydrogenation. Part I: Characterization and catalytic performance. Journal of Catalysis, 237(1), 162-174. doi:10.1016/j.jcat.2005.11.002Skoufa, Z., Heracleous, E., & Lemonidou, A. A. (2015). On ethane ODH mechanism and nature of active sites over NiO-based catalysts via isotopic labeling and methanol sorption studies. Journal of Catalysis, 322, 118-129. doi:10.1016/j.jcat.2014.11.014Ipsakis, D., Heracleous, E., Silvester, L., Bukur, D. B., & Lemonidou, A. A. (2017). Reduction and oxidation kinetic modeling of NiO-based oxygen transfer materials. Chemical Engineering Journal, 308, 840-852. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2016.09.114Delgado, D., Solsona, B., Ykrelef, A., Rodríguez-Gómez, A., Caballero, A., Rodríguez-Aguado, E., … López Nieto, J. M. (2017). Redox and Catalytic Properties of Promoted NiO Catalysts for the Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 121(45), 25132-25142. doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b07066Solsona, B., Concepción, P., López Nieto, J. M., Dejoz, A., Cecilia, J. A., Agouram, S., … Rodríguez Castellón, E. (2016). Nickel oxide supported on porous clay heterostructures as selective catalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane. Catalysis Science & Technology, 6(10), 3419-3429. doi:10.1039/c5cy01811kGärtner, C. A., van Veen, A. C., & Lercher, J. A. (2014). Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane on Dynamically Rearranging Supported Chloride Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 136(36), 12691-12701. doi:10.1021/ja505411sTatibouët, J. M. (1997). Methanol oxidation as a catalytic surface probe. Applied Catalysis A: General, 148(2), 213-252. doi:10.1016/s0926-860x(96)00236-0Forzatti, P., Tronconi, E., Elmi, A. S., & Busca, G. (1997). Methanol oxidation over vanadia-based catalysts. Applied Catalysis A: General, 157(1-2), 387-408. doi:10.1016/s0926-860x(97)00026-4Wachs, I. E., Chen, Y., Jehng, J.-M., Briand, L. E., & Tanaka, T. (2003). Molecular structure and reactivity of the Group V metal oxides. Catalysis Today, 78(1-4), 13-24. doi:10.1016/s0920-5861(02)00337-1Shah, P. R., Baldychev, I., Vohs, J. M., & Gorte, R. J. (2009). Comparison of redox isotherms for vanadia supported on zirconia and titania. Applied Catalysis A: General, 361(1-2), 13-17. doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2009.03.036Baldychev, I., Gorte, R. J., & Vohs, J. M. (2010). The impact of redox properties on the reactivity of V2O5/Al2O3 catalysts. Journal of Catalysis, 269(2), 397-403. doi:10.1016/j.jcat.2009.11.022Hess, C. (2009). Nanostructured Vanadium Oxide Model Catalysts for Selective Oxidation Reactions. ChemPhysChem, 10(2), 319-326. doi:10.1002/cphc.200800585Smith, M. A., Zoelle, A., Yang, Y., Rioux, R. M., Hamilton, N. G., Amakawa, K., … Trunschke, A. (2014). Surface roughness effects in the catalytic behavior of vanadia supported on SBA-15. Journal of Catalysis, 312, 170-178. doi:10.1016/j.jcat.2014.01.011Wang, N., Qiu, J., Wu, J., You, K., & Luo, H. (2015). A Comparison of the Redox Properties of Bulk Vanadium Mixed Oxide Catalysts. Catalysis Letters, 145(9), 1792-1797. doi:10.1007/s10562-015-1584-6Beck, B., Harth, M., Hamilton, N. G., Carrero, C., Uhlrich, J. J., Trunschke, A., … Schomäcker, R. (2012). Partial oxidation of ethanol on vanadia catalysts on supporting oxides with different redox properties compared to propane. Journal of Catalysis, 296, 120-131. doi:10.1016/j.jcat.2012.09.008KIM, T., & WACHS, I. (2008). CH3OH oxidation over well-defined supported V2O5/Al2O3 catalysts: Influence of vanadium oxide loading and surface vanadium–oxygen functionalities. Journal of Catalysis, 255(2), 197-205. doi:10.1016/j.jcat.2008.02.007Baldychev, I., Vohs, J. M., & Gorte, R. J. (2011). The effect of support on redox properties and methanol-oxidation activity of vanadia catalysts. Applied Catalysis A: General, 391(1-2), 86-91. doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2010.05.051Zhang, F., Chupas, P. J., Lui, S. L. A., Hanson, J. C., Caliebe, W. A., Lee, P. L., & Chan, S.-W. (2007). In situ Study of the Crystallization from Amorphous to Cubic Zirconium Oxide:  Rietveld and Reverse Monte Carlo Analyses. Chemistry of Materials, 19(13), 3118-3126. doi:10.1021/cm061739wPieck, C. L., del Val, S., López Granados, M., Bañares, M. A., & Fierro, J. L. G. (2002). Bulk and Surface Structures of V2O5/ZrO2Systems and Their Relevance foro-Xylene Oxidation. Langmuir, 18(7), 2642-2648. doi:10.1021/la0114631Soriano, M. D., Rodríguez-Castellón, E., García-González, E., & López Nieto, J. M. (2014). Catalytic behavior of NaV6O15 bronze for partial oxidation of hydrogen sulfide. Catalysis Today, 238, 62-68. doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2014.02.030Kanervo, J. M., Harlin, M. E., Krause, A. O. I., & Bañares, M. A. (2003). Characterisation of alumina-supported vanadium oxide catalysts by kinetic analysis of H2-TPR data. Catalysis Today, 78(1-4), 171-180. doi:10.1016/s0920-5861(02)00326-7Hess, C., Tzolova-Müller, G., & Herbert, R. (2007). The Influence of Water on the Dispersion of Vanadia Supported on Silica SBA-15:  A Combined XPS and Raman Study. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 111(26), 9471-9479. doi:10.1021/jp071392

Estudio del efecto fotocrómico que presentan los vidriados opacificados por esfena

White glazes opacified by sphene, based on the system SiO2-CaO-TiO2, are an alternative to the glazes in which the opacifying phase is zircon. However, it has been observed that this type of glaze displays photochromism (reversible change of colour after exposure to a light source), involving the appearance of a yellowish shade after the glaze has been subjected to sunlight for several hours, which then disappears after a few days. This effect has led to limited use of this type of glaze. In this study, a method of quantifying the photochromic effect by means of a UV light source is established. The microstructural characterisation of glazes with a pronounced tendency to display a photochromic effect has allowed the possible causes of the photochromic effect to be determined. Finally, a series of tests have been conducted that show that the photochromic effect is related to the impurities present in the glaze, as well as to the type and quantity of crystalline phases contained in the glaz

Wines of Mendoza : price on supermarket shelf vs. quality in blind tasting

Cuando un posible consumidor de vinos decide su compra, lo hace influenciado por factores relacionados no sólo con la calidad del producto sino también con el conocimiento que tiene de la marca. Esta investigación se inició con un mapeo de vinos ofrecidos en puntos de venta minorista del Gran Mendoza, para luego realizar una degustación a ciegas con panelistas de la provincia de Mendoza, de sectores de ingresos medios, cuya única condición era la de ser consumidor de vinos. Los vinos elegidos para degustar fueron los que tenían presencia importante en los lugares de venta. Además se realizó una selección en góndola simulada, con vinos presentados con sus precios y packaging. La apreciación sensorial se complementó con el precio que el consumidor pagaría por lo que estaba degustando. En la selección en góndola el panelista no eligió el envase tetrabrik aunque después, al degustar a ciegas el producto, había predisposición a pagar mayor precio que el de mercado. La explicación de tal comportamiento podría encontrarse en que el envase tetrabrik podría asociarse a una clase social baja, mientras que la botella a las clases sociales de mayor ingreso. El análisis sensorial (sentidos: visual, olfativo, gustativo y equilibrio) permitió observar que los panelistas otorgan puntuaciones superiores a la media del rango especificado, en los precios más bajos. El consumidor tiene disposición a pagar precios menores a medida que los precios en góndola son más altos.When a potential customer decides to purchase wine, he does so under the influence of factors related not only to the product quality but also to his knowledge of the brand. This research began by mapping the wines offered in retail outlets of Mendoza, followed by blind tasting by a panel with people from middle-income sectors of Mendoza, on the sole condition of being a wine consumer. The wines chosen for tasting were those with significant presence in retail locations. A selection on a simulated supermarket shelf was also conducted, with wines displayed with their price and packaging. Sensory assessment was supplemented with the price the consumer would pay for what he tasted. When selecting from the supermarket shelf, the panelist did not choose the packaging cartons, but then, in doing a blind tasting of the product, he showed willingness to pay a higher price for it than its market value. The explanation for such behavior could be that the packaging carton may be associated to a lower social class, whereas the bottle is related to higher-income classes. The sensory analysis (senses: visual, olfactory, gustatory and balance) allowed us to observe that panelists give above-average scores in the specified range to the lowest prices. The consumer is willing to pay lower prices as prices go higher on the supermarket shelf.Fil: Antoniolli, Ester R.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias Enológicas y Agroalimentarias. Cátedra de Enología II e Industrias Afines.Fil: Alturria, Laura V.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias Enológicas y Agroalimentarias. Cátedra de Enología II e Industrias Afines.Fil: Ceresa, Alejandro M.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias Enológicas y Agroalimentarias. Cátedra de Enología II e Industrias Afines.Fil: Solsona, Juan E.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias Enológicas y Agroalimentarias. Cátedra de Enología II e Industrias Afines.Fil: Winter, Patricia. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias Enológicas y Agroalimentarias. Cátedra de Enología II e Industrias Afines.Fil: Galiotti, Hugo. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias Enológicas y AgroalimentariasFil: Fonzar, Alfredo. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias Enológicas y Agroalimentarias. Cátedra de Enología II e Industrias Afines

Peaches O'Henry : : economic impact by losses of quality

El durazno O'Henry para consumo en fresco es una variedades apta para la exportación. Consecuentemente se propone un método sencillo para determinar las pérdidas de calidad que impiden obtener mejores precios en los mercados.. Las mismas se relacionan con una mala gestión en todos los niveles: producción, empaque y comercialización, y la deficiente capacitación del personal involucrado. En la temporada 1999/2000 el granizo fue la causa más frecuente en precosecha; sus marcas explican el 70 % de los frutos con falta de calidad. En cambio, el principal factor en cosecha fueron las picaduras de grafolita, dando 80 % de frutos sin calidad exportable. En galpón de empaque, el mal manejo poscosecha -revelado en machucones, marcas de uñas y rajaduras- originó el 30 % de las causas de no calidad; si se le agregan las picaduras de grafolita, el porcentaje se aproxima al 60 %. Ambas causas pueden minimizarse con buena planificación y capacitación. Con simulación económica se detectó -en la precitada temporada- 20 % de pérdida de calidad de una partida lo cual motiva una disminución superior al 13 % en los ingresos. Esta diferencia depende no sólo del peso relativo de las distintas calidades sino también del precio pactado.O'Henry is a fresh consumption peach cultivar with exportation possibilities. This project proposes a simple methodology that permits to identify the reasons of no quality in fruits that difficult reaching best prices in local and foreign markets. Lacks of quality are related with bad management in all levels (production, packing and commercialization) and with deficient training of involved personnel. In season 1999/2000, hail was the most frequent reason detected in preharvest; its marks explain 70 % of no quality in fruits. Instead, at harvest Grapholita bites were the main factor and they explained 80 % of fruits without export quality. At the packing-house, post harvest bad management (revealed in hits, nail marks, bruises) explained 30 % of no quality reasons. If that is added to fruits with Grapholita bites, proportion raises to 60 %. Both reasons can be minimized with planning and training. Economic simulation allowed detect that, in analized season, losses of quality in 20 % of the batch cause income reductions of more than 13 % in business. This discrepancy depends not only on relative weight of different qualities, but on deal prices in each market.Fil: Antoniolli, Ester R.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias Económico-Jurídico y SocialesFil: Gil, Flavia. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción AgropecuariaFil: Roby, Osvaldo. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias Económico-Jurídico y SocialesFil: Podestá, Lidia. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción AgropecuariaFil: Cánovas, Laura. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Biomatemática y FisicoquímicaFil: Rodríguez, María Eugenia. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción AgropecuariaFil: Fischer, Sandra. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias Económico-Jurídico y SocialesFil: Solsona, Juan E.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias Económico-Jurídico y Sociale

Support effects on NiO-based catalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of ethane

[EN] We report on the effect of NiO-support interactions on the chemical nature of Ni species in a series of supported NiO catalysts for the ODH of ethane. SiO2, TiO2-anatase, a high surface area TiO2 and a porous clay hetero-structure (PCH) with TiO2 and SiO2 pillars were used as supports, which led to a selectivity to ethylene in the range 30-90% over supported NiO catalysts. The catalysts were characterized by means of XRD, N-2-Adsorption, H-2-TPR, XPS and in situ (under H-2 reductive atmosphere) and ex situ XAS spectroscopy. The catalytic performance of supported materials is discussed in terms of their reducibility and specific reduction kinetics, but also taking into account the specific chemical nature of Ni species on each catalyst. The influence of the particle size and the presence of Ni and O vacancies on the catalytic performance in the ODH of ethane is inferred.Authors would like to thank the DGICYT in Spain CTQ2015-68951-C3-1-R, CTQ2015-68951-C3-3-R, CTQ2012-37925-C03-2 and ENE2017-88818-C2-1-R. Also authors want to acknowledge the ALBA Synchrotron Light Source (Project ID: 2015021258 at CLAESS beamline). Authors from ITQ thank Project SEV-2016-0683 for financial support. D. D. also thanks MINECO and Severo Ochoa Excellence Program for his fellowship (SVP-2014-068669). Authors from UV thank the University of Valencia (UV-INV-AE16-484416 project) and MINECO (MAT2017-84118-C2-1-R project) for funding.Delgado-Muñoz, D.; Sanchís, R.; Cecilia, JA.; Rodríguez-Castellón, E.; Caballero, A.; Solsona, B.; López Nieto, JM. (2019). Support effects on NiO-based catalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of ethane. Catalysis Today. 333:10-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2018.07.010S101633

Hemopexin and α1-microglobulin heme scavengers with differential involvement in preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction

Hemopexin and α1-microglobulin act as scavengers to eliminate free heme-groups responsible for hemoglobin-induced oxidative stress. The present study evaluated maternal and fetal plasma concentrations of these scavengers in the different phenotypes of placenta-mediated disorders. Singleton pregnancies with normotensive fetal growth restriction [FGR] (n = 47), preeclampsia without FGR (n = 45) and preeclampsia with FGR (n = 51) were included prospectively as well as uncomplicated pregnancies (n = 49). Samples were collected at delivery and ELISA analysis was applied to measure the hemopexin and α1-microglobulin concentrations. In maternal blood in preeclampsia with and without FGR, hemopexin was significantly lower (p = 0.003 and p<0.001, respectively) and α1-microglobulin was significantly higher (p<0.001 in both) whereas no difference existed in normotensive FGR mothers compared to controls. In contrast, in fetal blood in growth restricted fetuses with and without preeclampsia, both hemopexin and α1-microglobulin were significantly lower (p<0.001 and p = 0.001 for hemopexin, p = 0.016 and p = 0.013 for α1-microglobulin, respectively) with no difference in fetuses from preeclampsia without FGR in comparison to controls. Thus, hemopexin and α1-microglobulin present significantly altered concentrations in maternal blood in the maternal disease -preeclampsia- and in cord blood in the fetal disease -FGR-, which supports their differential role in placenta-mediated disorders in accordance with the clinical presentation of these disorders

Identification of the rural poverty and some strategies of intervention : Mendoza (Argentina)

En Mendoza, Argentina, más del 60 % de los productores agrícolas tiene predios menores de 10 ha, algunos de ellos con modelos productivos que no alcanzan para la sustentabilidad del grupo familiar. La presente investigación identifica la situación actual de la población estudiada, mediante variables de ingreso familiar, grado de asociativismo, características de la comercialización y algunas prácticas de gestión, para establecer comparaciones entre grupos poblacionales. Se trabajó en una muestra de productores regantes del Río Mendoza. Para los de menos de 10 ha se agregó un cuestionario complementario que indagó sobre niveles de asociación y sus resultados. Se analizó con mayor detalle el sector vitícola y olivícola con nuevas encuestas y entrevistas en profundidad. El 42 % de los productores tiene vid, el 30 % olivos y el 28 % horticultura, fruticultura y floricultura. El mayor nivel de asociación se encuentra entre los viticultores. En los demás sectores, éste es muy bajo o nulo. En la comparación de grupos, los mayores niveles de pobreza están en los productores de menos de 10 ha y baja tecnología. Además, en el sector vitícola, los menores niveles de ingreso se encuentran en aquellos no asociados y en toda la población estudiada la pobreza es mayor en el sector asalariado que en los propietarios de la tierra. Este proyecto identifica la capacitación como una de las acciones para mejorar la situación socioeconómica de los productores.In Mendoza, Argentina, more of 60 % of the agricultural producers has smaller estates of 10 ha, with productive models that do not reach the sustentability of the familiar group. This paper identifies actions that improve their socioeconomic situation at the present time, througt of variables of familiar income, level of association and some practice of management for make comparisions between groups. Studied a sample of farmers´s of the Mendoza River. Farmers whose farms were smaller than 10 ha was inqueried with additional questonnaire in order to identify levels of association and their results. Vitiviniculture and olive growing was analyzed with more details, thought news questionnaire and deep interviews. The results show that 42 % of the farmers have got vineyards, 30 % are olive grower and 28 % are farmers that growing vegetables, fruits and flowers. The highest level of association was founded between grapevine growers. In the other activities is very low or null. Comparing groups, majors levels of poverty there are in farmers smaller than 10 ha and low technology. Furthermore in vitiviniculture, the smallest levels of incomes was founded in no associated farmers. Inside the population studied, poverty is greatest in salaried people than owners of farms. This paper identify to training has someone activity for improvement the social and economic situation of the farmersFil: Antoniolli, Ester R.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias Económico-Jurídico y SocialesFil: Alturria, Laura V.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias Económico-Jurídico y SocialesFil: Winter, Patricia. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias Económico-Jurídico y SocialesFil: Eisenchlas, Paula. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias Económico-Jurídico y SocialesFil: Thomas, Marta. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias Económico-Jurídico y SocialesFil: Filippini, María Flavia. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias Económico-Jurídico y SocialesFil: Hiramatsu, Kiyoe. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias Económico-Jurídico y SocialesFil: Solsona, Juan E.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias Económico-Jurídico y SocialesFil: Roby, Osvaldo. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias Económico-Jurídico y Sociale