Хронологічні ретроспективні показники становлення та розвитку аптечної справи в Україні

The article presents the results of the study and generalization of organization and legal aspects of the pharmacy formation in Ukraine in the period of 1709-1917. A detailed analysis of formation and development of the pharmacy chain and characteristics of the personnel policy of pharmacies within a specified period are presented in the article.В статье приведены результаты изучения и обобщения организационно-правовых аспектов становления фармации в Украине в период 1709-1917 гг. Осуществлен детальный анализ становления и развития аптечной сети и особенностей кадровой политики аптечных учреждений в течение указанного периода.У статті наведено результати вивчення та узагальнення організаційно-правових аспектів становлення фармації в Україні у період 1709-1917 рр. Здійснено детальний аналіз становлення і розвитку аптечної мережі та особливостей кадрової політики аптечних установ протягом зазначеного періоду

On Nonperturbative Calculations in Quantum Electrodynamics

A new approach to nonperturbative calculations in quantum electrodynamics is proposed. The approach is based on a regular iteration scheme for solution of Schwinger-Dyson equations for generating functional of Green functions. The approach allows one to take into account the gauge invariance conditions (Ward identities) and to perform the renormalization program. The iteration scheme can be realized in two versions. The first one ("perturbative vacuum") corresponds to chain summation in the diagram language. In this version in four-dimensional theory the non-physical singularity (Landau pole) arises which leads to the triviality of the renormalized theory. The second version ("nonperturbative vacuum") corresponds to ladder summation and permits one to make non-perturbative calculations of physical quantities in spite of the triviality problem. For chiral-symmetrical leading approximation two terms of the expansion of the first-step vertex function over photon momentum are calculated. A formula for anomalous magnetic moment is obtained. A problem of dynamical chiral symmetry breaking (DCSB) is considered, the calculations are performed for renormalized theory in Minkowsky space. In the strong coupling region DCSB-solutions arise. For the renormalized theory a DCSB-solution is also possible in the weak coupling region but with a subsidiary condition on the value of $\alpha$.Comment: 31 pages, Plain LaTex, no figures. Journal version: some discussion and refs. are adde

Дослідження синдрому емоційного і професійного вигорання у фармацетичних працівників

The burnout as a result of professional stress occurs when the adaptive capacity (resources) of the pharmaceutical worker in overcoming stressful situation becomes difficult, the "emotional burnout syndrome" - is the appropriate response to prolonged working stresses of employee during his professional activity. Our conducted researches in the regions of the country show that only 3-5% of pharmaceutical professionals familiar with the term "emotional burnout syndrome". So inKievto 10 per cent of people are familiar with this concept, at the same time, 54 per cent of workers aged 45-60 years old and 32 per cent aged 25-30 years old every day get into stressful situations and have different diseases, indicating the presence of the syndrome "professional burnout".Выгорание как следствие профессиональных стрессов возникает тогда, когда адаптационные возможности (ресурсы) фармацевтического работника в преодолении стрессовой ситуации становятся затруднительными, т.е. "синдром эмоционального выгорания" – это соответствующая реакция на продолжительные рабочие стрессы работника, в процессе его профессиональной деятельности. Проведенные собственные исследования в областях страны свидетельствуют, что только 3-5%  фармацевтических работников знакомы с понятием "синдром эмоционального выгорания". Так в  г. Киеве до 10% человек ознакомленным с этим понятием, в то же время 54% работников в возрасте 45-60 лет и 32% в возрасте 25-30 лет ежедневно попадают в стрессовые ситуации и имеют различные заболевания, свидетельствующие о наличии синдрома "профессионального выгорания".Вигорання як наслідок професійних стресів виникає тоді, коли адаптаційні можливості (ресурси) фармацевтичного працівника у подоланні стресової ситуації стають скрутними, тобто "синдром емоційного вигорання" - це відповідна реакція на тривалі робочі стреси працівника, в процесі його професійної діяльності. Проведені власні дослідження в регіонах країни свідчать, що тільки 3-5% фармацевтичних працівників знайомі з поняттям "синдром емоційного вигорання". Так у м. Києві до 10% осіб  ознайомлені з цим поняттям, в той же час 54% працівників у віці 45-60 років і 32% у віці 25-30 років щодня потрапляють в стресові ситуації і мають різні захворювання, що свідчать про наявність синдрому "професійного вигорання"

Measurement of Leading Proton and Neutron Production in Deep Inelastic Scattering at HERA

Deep--inelastic scattering events with a leading baryon have been detected by the H1 experiment at HERA using a forward proton spectrometer and a forward neutron calorimeter. Semi--inclusive cross sections have been measured in the kinematic region 2 <= Q^2 <= 50 GeV^2, 6.10^-5 <= x <= 6.10^-3 and baryon p_T <= MeV, for events with a final state proton with energy 580 <= E' <= 740 GeV, or a neutron with energy E' >= 160 GeV. The measurements are used to test production models and factorization hypotheses. A Regge model of leading baryon production which consists of pion, pomeron and secondary reggeon exchanges gives an acceptable description of both semi-inclusive cross sections in the region 0.7 <= E'/E_p <= 0.9, where E_p is the proton beam energy. The leading neutron data are used to estimate for the first time the structure function of the pion at small Bjorken--x.Comment: 30 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables, submitted to Eur. Phys.

Клинический случай идиопатического легочного фиброза на фоне коморбидной патологии

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is one of the most common diseases in the group of interstitial lung diseases, which is characterized by persistent progression and poor prognosis. Over the past decade, experts have made significant progress in developing a diagnostic algorithm for IPF patients. This algorithm includes analysis of clinical, laboratory, and instrumental data, primarily the results of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). Precise adherence to the diagnostic algorithm and correct interpretation of HRCT data are prerequisites for IPF diagnosis.Specialists of the Tomsk region have developed routing of patients with suspected IPF. The presented clinical case is a successful example of adhering to this algorithm. Wide implementation of modern diagnostic algorithms into diagnosis and treatment of IPF and quality improvement of imaging methods, primarily HRCT, carried out as a part of the differential diagnosis, open up prospects for early diagnosis of this pathology. A timely prescribed antifibrotic therapy (nintedanib, pirfenidone) in IPF allows to slow down pathological progression and improves the prognosis.Идиопатический легочный фиброз (ИЛФ) относится к наиболее распространенным заболеваниям из группы интерстициальных заболеваний легких и характеризуется неуклонным прогрессированием и неблагоприятным прогнозом. В течение последнего десятилетия был достигнут значительный прогресс в разработке диагностического алгоритма для пациентов с ИЛФ, предполагающий анализ клинических, лабораторных и инструментальных данных, прежде всего, результатов компьютерной томографии высокого разрешения (КТВР). Точное следование алгоритму диагностики и правильная интерпретация данных КТВР являются необходимым условием для постановки диагноза ИЛФ.В Томской области разработана маршрутизация больных с подозрением на ИЛФ. Примером успешного следования этому алгоритму является представленный клинический случай. Широкое внедрение в лечебно-диагностический процесс современных алгоритмов диагностики ИЛФ и повышение качества визуализационных методов, прежде всего КТВР, проводимые в рамках дифференциального диагноза, открывают перспективы ранней диагностики данного патологического процесса, а своевременно назначенная антифибротическая терапия (нинтеданиб, пирфенидон) при ИЛФ позволяет замедлить прогрессирование патологического процесса и улучшить прогноз

Measurement of associated charm production induced by 400 GeV/c protons

An important input for the interpretation of the measurements of the SHiP ex- periment is a good knowledge of the differential charm production cross section, including cascade production. This is a proposal to measure the associated charm production cross section, employing the SPS 400 GeV/c proton beam and a replica of the first two interaction lengths of the SHiP target. The detection of the produc- tion and decay of charmed hadron in the target will be performed through nuclear emulsion films, employed in an Emulsion Cloud Chamber target structure. In order to measure charge and momentum of decay daughters, we intend to build a mag- netic spectrometer using silicon pixel, scintillating fibre and drift tube detectors. A muon tagger will be built using RPCs. An optimization run is scheduled in 2018, while the full measurement will be performed after the second LHC Long Shutdown

Charmonium Production in Deep Inelastic Scattering at HERA

The electroproduction of J/psi and psi(2S) mesons is studied in elastic, quasi-elastic and inclusive reactions for four momentum transfers 2 Q^2 80 GeV^2 and photon-proton centre of mass energies 25 W 180 GeV. The data were taken with the H1 detector at the electron proton collider HERA in the years 1995 to 1997. The total virtual photon-proton cross section for elastic J/psi production is measured as a function of Q^2 and W. The dependence of the production rates on the square of the momentum transfer from the proton (t) is extracted. Decay angular distributions are analysed and the ratio of the longitudinal and transverse cross sections is derived. The ratio of the cross sections for quasi-elastic psi(2S) and J/psi meson production is measured as a function of Q^2. The results are discussed in terms of theoretical models based upon perturbative QCD. Differential cross sections for inclusive and inelastic production of J/psi mesons are determined and predictions within two theoretical frameworks are compared with the data, the non-relativistic QCD factorization approach including colour octet and colour singlet contributions, and the model of Soft Colour Interactions

Atrasentan and renal events in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (SONAR): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial

Background: Short-term treatment for people with type 2 diabetes using a low dose of the selective endothelin A receptor antagonist atrasentan reduces albuminuria without causing significant sodium retention. We report the long-term effects of treatment with atrasentan on major renal outcomes. Methods: We did this double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial at 689 sites in 41 countries. We enrolled adults aged 18–85 years with type 2 diabetes, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)25–75 mL/min per 1·73 m 2 of body surface area, and a urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR)of 300–5000 mg/g who had received maximum labelled or tolerated renin–angiotensin system inhibition for at least 4 weeks. Participants were given atrasentan 0·75 mg orally daily during an enrichment period before random group assignment. Those with a UACR decrease of at least 30% with no substantial fluid retention during the enrichment period (responders)were included in the double-blind treatment period. Responders were randomly assigned to receive either atrasentan 0·75 mg orally daily or placebo. All patients and investigators were masked to treatment assignment. The primary endpoint was a composite of doubling of serum creatinine (sustained for ≥30 days)or end-stage kidney disease (eGFR <15 mL/min per 1·73 m 2 sustained for ≥90 days, chronic dialysis for ≥90 days, kidney transplantation, or death from kidney failure)in the intention-to-treat population of all responders. Safety was assessed in all patients who received at least one dose of their assigned study treatment. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01858532. Findings: Between May 17, 2013, and July 13, 2017, 11 087 patients were screened; 5117 entered the enrichment period, and 4711 completed the enrichment period. Of these, 2648 patients were responders and were randomly assigned to the atrasentan group (n=1325)or placebo group (n=1323). Median follow-up was 2·2 years (IQR 1·4–2·9). 79 (6·0%)of 1325 patients in the atrasentan group and 105 (7·9%)of 1323 in the placebo group had a primary composite renal endpoint event (hazard ratio [HR]0·65 [95% CI 0·49–0·88]; p=0·0047). Fluid retention and anaemia adverse events, which have been previously attributed to endothelin receptor antagonists, were more frequent in the atrasentan group than in the placebo group. Hospital admission for heart failure occurred in 47 (3·5%)of 1325 patients in the atrasentan group and 34 (2·6%)of 1323 patients in the placebo group (HR 1·33 [95% CI 0·85–2·07]; p=0·208). 58 (4·4%)patients in the atrasentan group and 52 (3·9%)in the placebo group died (HR 1·09 [95% CI 0·75–1·59]; p=0·65). Interpretation: Atrasentan reduced the risk of renal events in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease who were selected to optimise efficacy and safety. These data support a potential role for selective endothelin receptor antagonists in protecting renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes at high risk of developing end-stage kidney disease. Funding: AbbVie