The evidence for jet-cloud interactions in a sample of high/intermediate-redshift radio galaxies

We present the result obtained from a study, based on long-slit spectroscopy, of the kinematics and ionization mechanisms of the line-emitting gas for a sample of four high/intermediate-redshift radio galaxies. In two of the galaxies (3C352 and 3C435A) the radio sources are of the same scale as the emission-line regions, whereas in the other two (3C34 and 3C330) the radio sources are extended on a larger scale than the emission-line structures. We see evidence for shock-acceleration of the emission-line gas in the extended regions of all the galaxies, even in the largest radio sources of our sample, in which the radio hot spots have passed the extended gas of the galaxies. The extended regions present highly disturbed kinematics (line-splitting and/or underlying broad components), which are difficult to explain if we do not consider a strong interaction between the radio-emitting components and the ambient gas. However, the dominant ionization mechanism of the line-emitting gas remains uncertain. We have compared the optical diagnostic line ratios of the galaxies in our sample with both AGN-photoionization and shock-ionization models. We find a lack of consistency in explaining the main ionization mechanism of the emission-line gas. This suggest that, if the extended regions are shock-ionized, some of the assumptions implicit in the shock models may need to be reconsidered. In addition, we have investigated the nebular continuum cointribution to the UV excess in the galaxies of our sample. We find a substantial nebular emission contribution to the UV continuum in all the cases. However, after the subtraction iof the nebular component, a significant UV excess remains in the extended nebulae of most of the objects.Comment: 33 pages, 24 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS. (Abstract shortened for astro-ph

INTEGRAL spectroscopy of three powerful radio galaxies: Jet-cloud interactions seen in 3-D

Integral-field spectroscopic observations are presented for three powerful radio galaxies, namely 3C277.3 (Coma A; z=0.0857), 3C171 (z=0.2384) and 3C265 (z=0.811), which are known to be undergoing jet-cloud interactions. The morphology, kinematics and ionization of the gas in the emission-line structure of these sources are mapped and analysed. One-dimensional spectra are also extracted and integrated over the different emission-line regions in each galaxy. In two of the galaxies (3C277.3 and 3C171) the radio sizes are of similar extent to the emission-line structure. For these, enhanced emission-line regions are found associated with the radio structures, in addition to complex kinematics and low ionization states close to the radio hotspots, indicating that jet-induced shocks disturb and ionize the gas. Interestingly, the bright -- presumably shock-ionized -- emission-line region coincident with the radio jet knot in 3C277.3 shows quiescent kinematics and high ionization state. Possible explanations for this puzzling result are proposed. The images of 3C171 and 3C265 indicate that the lateral expansion of the cocoon has a significant effect on the kinematics and ionization of the gas, showing for the first time that the effects of the radio source are felt far from the jet axis. In addition, the presence of a stellar-photoionized HII region is detected in the extended emission-line nebula of the radio galaxy 3C277.3.Comment: 19 pages, including 16 figures (4 in colour), MNRAS accepte

Numerical simulation of the heat penetration in two-plate arc welding

A mathematical model and numerical simulation of the three-dimensional and transient metal arc-welding process is presented. The heat source is considered as spatially distributed following a centered Gaussian bell, while the substract material (Al 6063) is assumed homogeneous and isotropic with temperature-dependent thermal properties. Radiation and convection are also calculated through an empirical temperature dependent correlation. Phase-change phenomenon is included as a discontinuity in the material specific heat. Calculations were performed by using a finite volume code (CFX4.2TM). Computed heat penetration and weld metal area are found to be in good agreement with experimental data

Numerical simulation of the heat penetration in two-plate arc welding

A mathematical model and numerical simulation of the three-dimensional and transient metal arc-welding process is presented. The heat source is considered as spatially distributed following a centered Gaussian bell, while the substract material (Al 6063) is assumed homogeneous and isotropic with temperature-dependent thermal properties. Radiation and convection are also calculated through an empirical temperature dependent correlation. Phase-change phenomenon is included as a discontinuity in the material specific heat. Calculations were performed by using a finite volume code (CFX4.2TM). Computed heat penetration and weld metal area are found to be in good agreement with experimental data

Production and relevance of cosmogenic radionuclides in NaI(Tl) crystals

The cosmogenic production of long-lived radioactive isotopes in materials is an hazard for experiments demanding ultra-low background conditions. Although NaI(Tl) scintillators have been used in this context for a long time, very few activation data were available. We present results from two 12.5 kg NaI(Tl) detectors, developed within the ANAIS project and installed at the Canfranc Underground Laboratory. The prompt data taking starting made possible a reliable quantification of production of some I, Te and Na isotopes with half-lives larger than ten days. Initial activities underground were measured and then production rates at sea level were estimated following the history of detectors; a comparison of these rates with calculations using typical cosmic neutron flux at sea level and a selected description of excitation functions was also carried out. After including the contribution from the identified cosmogenic products in the detector background model, we found that the presence of 3H in the crystal bulk would help to fit much better our background model and experimental data. We have analyzed the cosmogenic production of 3H in NaI, and although precise quantification has not been attempted, we can conclude that it could imply a very relevant contribution to the total background below 15 keV in NaI detectors.Comment: Proceedings of the Low Radioactivity Techniques 2015 workshop, March 2015, Seattle (US

Quality in Industrial Engineering School: Universidad Tecnica De Manabi

The paper presents a conceptual analysis related to quality in higher education, highlighting the peculiarities in Ecuador, presenting the content structure of the evaluation system of the quality required by the CEAACES and quality environment is addressed in the UTM, analysis related to the results of research on the quality of development in the career of Industrial Engineering of higher learning was obtained, proving that there are still weaknesses that can affect academic excellence, so it requires constant effort on the part of the institutions, which can be realized through research projects aimed at maintaining self-control of quality in universities

Status of the ANAIS Dark Matter Project at the Canfranc Underground Laboratory

The ANAIS experiment aims at the confirmation of the DAMA/LIBRA signal. A detailed analysis of two NaI(Tl) crystals of 12.5 kg each grown by Alpha Spectra will be shown: effective threshold at 1 keVee is at reach thanks to outstanding light collection and robust PMT noise filtering protocols and the measured background is well understood down to 3 keVee, having quantified K, U and Th content and cosmogenic activation in the crystals. A new detector was installed in Canfranc in March 2015 together with the two previous modules and preliminary characterization results will be presented. Finally, the status and expected sensitivity of the full experiment with 112 kg will be reviewed.Comment: Contributed to the 11th Patras Workshop on Axions, WIMPs and WISPs, Zaragoza, June 22 to 26, 201

Spectral unmixing of multiply stained fluorescence samples T

The widespread use of fluorescence microscopy along with the vast library of available fluorescent stains and staining methods has been extremely beneficial to researchers in many fields, ranging from material sciences to plant biology. In clinical diagnostics, the ability to combine different markers in a given sample allows the simultaneous detection of the expression of several different molecules, which in turn provides a powerful diagnostic tool for pathologists, allowing a better classification of the sample at hand. The correct detection and separation of multiple stains in a sample is achieved not only by the biochemical and optical properties of the markers, but also by the use of appropriate hardware and software tools. In this chapter, we will review and compare these tools along with their advantages and limitations

Design of a large scale flow-meter test and calibration facility

The design and set up of a large-scale flowmeter calibration and test facility is presented. The facility was designed to handle flowmeters with diameters between 6” and 14”, flow rates up to 0.3 m3/s and to give results less than 1% accurate. The calibration methodology consisted firstly in calibrating the pattern flowmeters, using volume and time primary measurements, and secondly, comparing the pattern to the flowmeters needing calibration. The design and calculation of the primary calibration device is addressed, including numerical simulations of the outflow manifold and the comparison to experimental data. The calibration facility proved to be accurate and reliable in producing renewed calibration data for various tested flowmeter

Background model of NaI(Tl) detectors for the ANAIS Dark Matter Project

A thorough understanding of the background sources is mandatory in any experiment searching for rare events. The ANAIS (Annual Modulation with NaI(Tl) Scintillators) experiment aims at the confirmation of the DAMA/LIBRA signal at the Canfranc Underground Laboratory (LSC). Two NaI(Tl) crystals of 12.5 kg each produced by Alpha Spectra have been taking data since December 2012. The complete background model of these detectors and more precisely in the region of interest will be described. Preliminary background analysis of a new 12.5 kg crystal received at Canfranc in March 2015 will be presented too. Finally, the power of anticoincidence rejection in the region of interest has been analyzed in a 4x 5 12.5 kg detector matrix.Comment: Contributed to the 11th Patras Workshop on Axions, WIMPs and WISPs, Zaragoza, June 22 to 26, 201