Commercial Concession: Issues of Conceptual Apparatus

The article discusses the theoretical issues of correlation of terms used to refer to the agreement of commercial concession, as well as related issues arising from legal practice and theory of civil law

Quantum-chemical estimation of the stability and reactivity of diphosphonium salts

For a series of diphosphonium salts containing two positively charged covalently bonded phosphorus atoms, XnY3-nP +P+XnY3-n (X = alkyl substituent, Y = amino group, n = 0-3), the stability, reactivity, and P-P bond strength were evaluated by various physicochemical methods. The P-P bond energy is appreciably influenced by both steric factors and donor properties of the substituents. The calculations confirmed that transformations of diphosphonium salts can involve cleavage of both P-P and P-N (or P-C) bonds

Quantum-chemical estimation of the stability and reactivity of diphosphonium salts

For a series of diphosphonium salts containing two positively charged covalently bonded phosphorus atoms, XnY3-nP +P+XnY3-n (X = alkyl substituent, Y = amino group, n = 0-3), the stability, reactivity, and P-P bond strength were evaluated by various physicochemical methods. The P-P bond energy is appreciably influenced by both steric factors and donor properties of the substituents. The calculations confirmed that transformations of diphosphonium salts can involve cleavage of both P-P and P-N (or P-C) bonds

Foresight technologies in the formation of a sustainable regional development strategy

In the modern regional management system, new principles, methods and tools should be used. The purpose of this paper is to substantiate theoretical and methodological approaches to the application of foresight technologies as a modern tool for optimizing the system of regional management in the formation of a strategy for sustainable development. The paper analyzes the Russian and international experience of foresight formation and identifies the features of foresight introduction at the meso level; a roadmap for the sustainable development of a region, developed based on an analysis of long-term forecast and program regional documents, as well as a SWOT analysis of the socio-ecological and economic system of the Republic of Tatarstan. The study determines the significance of foresight technologies in the context of the formation of sustainable development strategies for regional and municipal administrations. Recommendations on the developed "Roadmap for the Sustainable Development of the Republic of Tatarstan" were studied and used in implementing measures to ensure the sustainable development of the urban economy.peer-reviewe

Precision determination of band offsets in strained InGaAs/GaAs quantum wells by C-V-profiling and Schroedinger-Poisson self-consistent simulation

The results of measurements and numerical simulation of charge carrier distribution and energy states in strained quantum wells In_xGa_{1-x}As/GaAs (0.06 < x < 0.29) by C-V-profiling are presented. Precise values of conduction band offsets for these pseudomorphic QWs have been obtained by means of self-consistent solution of Schroedinger and Poisson equations and following fitting to experimental data. For the conduction band offsets in strained In_xGa_{1-x}As/GaAs - QWs the expression DE_C(x) = 0.814x - 0.21x^2 has been obtained.Comment: 9 pages, 12 figures, RevTeX

Fabrication and characterization of 1, 5, 10 at.% Ce:Y2O3 nanopowders

Nanopowders (particle size of about 7-14 nm) of yttrium oxide doped with cerium ions with concentrations of 1, 5, 10 at.% have been synthesized by laser ablation of the target. For the first time in the world the cerium concentration of 10 at.% in the yttrium oxide lattice has been obtained. Their morphology, structure, and scintillation properties have been investigated. No significant cathodoluminescence of the activator in the Ce3+ state has been detected in the powders, and X-ray luminescence was completely absent. Presumably, the cerium ion is in the nonradiative state of Ce4+. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.Russian Foundation for Basic Research, RFBR: 19-08-00117The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number 19-08-00117. The authors gratefully acknowledge E.V. Tihonov and Dr. A.I. Medvedev from Institute of Electrophysics UrB RAS for laser synthesis of nanopowders and XRD analysis, respectively

Подготовка специалистов и магистров по метрологии, стандартизации и сертификации

In work advantages of engineers and masters education of the higher engineering school in metrology, standardization and certification in the conditions of multilevel structure of the basic educational programs in the Moscow state academy of fine chemical technology named after M.V. Lomonosov are openedВ работе раскрыты преимущества подготовки магистров и специалистов высшей инженерной школы по метрологии, стандартизации и сертификации в условиях многоуровневой структуры основных образовательных программ в Московской академии тонкой химической технологии имени М.В. Ломоносов

Effect of halogen substitution on the enthalpies of solvation and hydrogen bonding of organic solutes in chlorobenzene and 1,2-dichlorobenzene derived using multi-parameter correlations

Article on the effect of halogen substitution on the enthalpies of solvation and hydrogen bonding of organic solutes in chlorobenzene and 1,2-dichlorobenzene derived using multi-parameter correlations

Кремниевая электронно-чувствительная pin-линейка, облучаемая с обратной стороны

Introduction. In recent decades, in the field of photoelectronics, special attention has been paid to the development of semiconductor matrix photodetectors. These detectors have become an effective alternative to existing television receiving systems. Among such devices, linear position-sensitive sensors are used in cases where the rapid registration of changes to the environment is required (for instance, high-speed locators for flying vehicles).Aim. To develop a strip of silicon pin-diodes as part of a hybrid IR-detector for effective registration of photoelectrons with time resolution less than 10 ns, as well as to model the key electro-physical characteristics of the strip.Materials and methods. In the device under development, the registration of photoelectrons is achieved by the presence of a near-surface field using p ++–p junction formed by diffusion of boron into the silicon with resistivity of 3 kΩ · cm. The pulling field is also formed in the space charge region between p ++ - and n ++ -regions. Diffusion of phosphorus was carried out to create the n ++ -region. Numerical calculations of potential distribution, concentration of free charge carriers and currents were carried out using software for 1D- and 2D-modelling (SimWin and TCAD Synopsys).Results. 2D-calculation of charge carrier concentration and potential distribution was performed. The study determined the minimum bias for the complete depletion of the i-layer, including that for longitudinal grooves of various depths. The strip was tested as part of a hybrid photoelectric device by irradiating light pulses from IR LED. When the voltage on the diodes was reached –270 V, the duration of the signal front on all channels was 5…9 ns.Conclusion. For use in IR-hybrid detectors, a strip of 12 silicon pin-diodes was developed with a sensitive element of 24 × 0.2 mm in dimension. The study of pulse characteristics showed that the necessary duration of the front signal on all channels was achieved without thinning thus satisfying the requirements for high-speed position-sensitive sensor of the infrared radiation.Введение. В последние десятилетия в фотоэлектронике особое внимание уделяется разработке полупроводниковых матричных фотоприемных устройств, которые фактически стали эффективной альтернативой существующим аналоговым телевизионным приемным системам. Среди таких устройств линейные позиционно-чувствительные датчики применяются для регистрации быстрых изменений в окружающей обстановке и их последующей обработки (например, быстродействующие локаторы летательных аппаратов).Цель работы. Создание линейки кремниевых pin-диодов для использования в составе гибридного детектора ИК-излучения с целью регистрации фотоэлектронов с временны́м разрешением лучше 10 нс. Моделирование основных электрофизических характеристик линейки.Материалы и методы. В разрабатываемом приборе регистрация фотоэлектронов обеспечивается за счет наличия приповерхностного поля при использовании p ++–p-перехода, сформированного диффузией бора в кремний с удельным сопротивлением 3 кОм · см. Тянущее поле, в свою очередь, также формируется в области объемного заряда между p ++ - и n ++ -областями. Для создания n ++ -области проводилась диффузия фосфора. Численные расчеты распределения потенциала, концентрации свободных носителей заряда и токов проводились в программных пакетах одномерного (SimWin) и двумерного (TCAD Synopsys) моделирования.Результаты. Проведен двумерный расчет распределения концентрации свободных носителей заряда и потенциала в исследуемой pin-структуре. Определены минимальные напряжения, обеспечивающие полное обеднение i-слоя, в том числе для случая продольной канавки различной глубины. Линейка тестировалась в составе гибридного фотоэлектронного прибора облучением световыми импульсами от ИК-светодиода. При напряжении на диодах линейки –270 В достигнута длительность фронта сигнала на всех каналах 5...9 нс.Заключение. Для гибридного детектора ИК-излучения разработана линейка из 12 кремниевых pin-диодов, с размерами чувствительной области элемента 24 × 0.2 мм. По результатам исследований импульсной характеристики показано, что без операции утонения достигнута длительность фронта сигнала на всех каналах, удовлетворяющая требованиям к быстродействующему позиционно-чувствительному датчику ИК-излучения