Allergens derived from shrimp

Allergy caused by food is usually type 1 allergy of four types of allergic reactions. One of the most widespread allergic is those that are caused by crustacean shellfish. Crustaceans are classified among arthropods which include crab, crayfish, lobster, prawn and shrimp. Shrimp which are broadly consumed as nutritional food is one of the most important food that contribute to allergy. Thus, reducing the allergenicity of shrimp allergen will be helpful to individuals who are sensitive to shrimp and for this reason the characteristics of each allergen need to be studied. Those sensitized individuals can develop urticaria, angiodema, laryngospasm, asthma and life threatening anaphylaxis. To date, four main allergens contribute to allergic reactions. They are tropomyosin (TM), a highly conserved and heat stable myofibrillar protein of 35-38 kDa followed by arginine kinase (AK) which is also known as Pen m 2 or Lit v 2 with 40 kDa. Two other contributing allergens are sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein (SCP) also known as Lit v 4 with 22 kDa and myosin light chain (MLC) which is also termed as Lit v 3 with 20 kDa. This mini-review will provide a better understanding of each allergen derived from shrimp which subsequently will help to reduce the allergenicity

Curriculum and creativity : reconciliation through language

In surveying the curriculum field it is apparent that it has a pervasive ahistorical quality to it. Confusion exists as to the basic meanings of terms such as curriculum, instruction, theory, education, and practice. Those interested in curriculum are presently engaged in studying the field itself and their role in it. The leading writers are divided into camps with one camp devoted to the linear model supporting behavioral approaches and the other supporting more open, less specified approaches. A leader in the field of curriculum, Joseph Schwab, pronounced the curriculum field moribund and suggested that a new language was needed. The use of any language is both value based and value laden for language itself is a symbol system, the paradox being that language must be used to discuss language. Recognizing and acknowledging the above, those interested in building a new language for curriculum' must turn to those values and stated objectives commonly associated with education: the discovery and/or application of knowledge. Both the discovery and application of knowledge involves one in the creative process. It follows that the language of creativity describes the curriculum process and therefore one must better understand the creative process itself

Effects of gamma irradiation on tropomyosin allergen, proximate composition and mineral elements in giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)

Effects of food irradiation on allergen and nutritional composition of giant freshwater prawn are not well documented. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of gamma irradiation on tropomyosin allergen, proximate composition, and mineral elements in Macrobrachium rosenbergii. In this study, prawn was peeled, cut into small pieces, vacuum packaged and gamma irradiated at 0, 5, 7, 10 and 15 kGy with a dose rate of 0.5 kGy/h using cobalt-60 as the source, subsequently determined the level of tropomyosin, proximate composition and mineral elements respectively. The results showed that band density of tropomyosin irradiated at 10 and 15 kGy is markedly decreased. Proximate analysis revealed that moisture, protein, and carbohydrate content were significantly different as compared with non-irradiated prawn. Meanwhile, gamma irradiated M. rosenbergii at 15 kGy was observed to be significantly higher in nickel and zinc than the non-irradiated prawn. The findings provide a new information that food irradiation may affect the tropomyosin allergen, proximate composition and mineral elements of the prawn

Structural characterization of extracellular polysaccharides of grapes indigenous yeasts isolated in Champagne : implication in the foaming properties of wines

Les extraits polysaccharidiques totaux (EPS) produits par LOCA-1 et LOCA-2, deux souches de levures isolées de la peau de raisin en Champagne viticole, ont été isolés en vue de leur caractérisation tant biochimique que fonctionnelle. La caractérisation structurale par GC démontre que ces EPS sont des hétéropolymères complexes de haut poids moléculaires (~2.106 g/mol) et sont composés de monomères de mannose, glucose, xylose et d’acide glucuronique, et deux types de substituants mis en évidence par analyse MALDI (sulfate et phosphate). L’élucidation de l’enchaînement structural des résidus osidiques au sein de ces EPS, sur la base des analyses GC/MS et RMN, a mis en évidence la présence d’une ossature principale linéaire constituée d’unités α-(1→3)-D-mannopyranosyles. Toutefois, des différences sont notables entre ces deux souches du même genre. Pour la souche LOCA-1, de courtes chaines latérales de β-(1,2)-xyloses (2-5 résidus) se ramifient à la chaine principale sur ses positions C-2 et/ou C-6. A l’opposé, la chaine mannosidique principale, plus longue chez la souche LOCA-2 (˃40 unités), est substituée en ses positions 2 et/ou 4 par des antennes de xylomannanes. Les caractéristiques structurales de ces EPS n’avaient jamais été observées auparavant chez d’autres microorganismes. La seconde partie de ce travail de thèse est dédiée aux propriétés fonctionnelles (pouvoirs moussant, gélifiant, viscosifiant) de ces EPS. Des propriétés viscosifiantes et moussantes tout à fait exceptionnelles ont été observées à l’issue d’une analyse comparative avec des biopolymères industriels commercialisés.Les propriétés intrinsèques des polymères naturels produits par ces souches indigènes de baies de raisin, en font des candidats potentiels pour une exploitation dans divers domaines d’applications biotechnologiques, et notamment oenologique.The total polysaccharide extracts (EPS) produced by LOCA-1 and LOCA-2, two yeast strains collected from grape skin in Champagne, were isolated for both their biochemical and functional characterization. Their structural characterization by GC analysis show that EPS were complex heteropolymers with high molecular weight (~2.106 g/mol), and were composed of mannose, glucose, xylose and glucuronic acid as monosaccharide constituents, and 2 types of substituents (sulphate and phosphate) evidenced by MALDI analysis. Elucidation of the structural enchainment of these EPS carbohydrates based on GC-MS and NMR analyses revealed in both studied cases, a linear main backbone built up of α-(1→3)-D-mannopyranosyl residues. However differences have been noted between these two strains. For LOCA-1 EPS, some short side chains of β-(1→2)-xyloses (2-5 residues) are branched to the main linear backbone on its C-2 and/or C-6 positions. In contrast, the LOCA-2 main backbone that is more extended (˃40 units) than the former, is substituted on its C-2 and/or C-4 positions by xylomannan antennas. This is the first report of these yeasts’ polysaccharides with such structural characteristics. The second part of this thesis is devoted to the functional properties (foaming, gelling, and viscosifying abilities) of the EPS. Very exceptional viscosifying and foaming properties were observed after a comparative analysis with some marketed industrial biopolymers.The intrinsic properties of these natural polymers produced by these grape berries indigenous yeast strains, make them potential candidates for operating in various fields of biotechnology applications, especially enology

SUSCEPTIBILITY OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE AMONG BIKE RIDERS IN BANGALORE USING BODE INDEX

Background: Air pollution as a trigger for exacerbation of COPD has been recognized for more than 50 years. Nowadays, in the cities like Bangalore, most of the people need to ride the bike for their occupational demand and move around. The purpose of this study is to find out the prediction of COPD using the BODE index in motor bike riders in Bangalore. Methods: An exploratory cross sectional study has been done on 100 subjects who uses motor bike as their mode of transport for their occupational demand, to study the hours of bike riding with the chances of COPD based on BODE index. Results: Analysis using spearman rank correlation found that there is statistically significant correlation (p < 0.05) between hours of bike riding and the BODE index. Chi square test found that more than 4 hours of bike riding was associated with the chances of COPD. Conclusion: Based on the result, it is concluded that more than 4 hours of bike riding is associated with the chances of developing COPD even in non-smokers. Therefore there is significant susceptibility of COPD among bike riders in Bangalore