Molecular self-assembly in indole-based benzamide derivative: Crystal structure, Hirshfeld surfaces and antimicrobial activity

Two new compounds, 1H-indole-7-amine (1) and N-(1H-indol-7-yl)-2-methylbenzamide (2) were synthesized and structurally characterized by NMR and FT-IR spectroscopic techniques. The molecular structure of compound 2 was further elucidated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction technique. Moreover, the crystal packing of compound 2 is analyzed in terms of non-covalent N-H···O, C-H···π, and parallel displaced π···π interactions. Hirshfeld surface analysis and decomposed fingerprint plots of the compound 2 were performed to visualize the presence of strong hydrogen bond N-H···O and C-H···π stacking interactions. Hirshfeld surface analysis and decomposed fingerprint plots show that the structure of compound 2 is stabilized by H···H, N-H···O, C-H···π and π···π intermolecular interactions and these interactions contribute mostly to molecular self-assembly in the crystal. In addition, compound 2 was evaluated for both their in-vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity. The obtained results have been reported, explained and compared with fluconazole and ampicillin used as reference drugs

N-(Dibenzylcarbamothioyl)-3-methylbutanamide: Crystal structure, Hirshfeld surfaces and antimicrobial activity

The compound N-(dibenzylcarbamothioyl)-3-methylbutanamide as a thiourea derivative was synthesized and structurally characterized by NMR and FT-IR spectroscopic techniques. The molecular structure of compound was also characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction method. Crystal data for title compound C20H24N2OS: monoclinic, space group C2/c (no. 15), a = 19.6882(9) Å, b = 9.4045(4) Å, c = 19.5012(8) Å, β = 98.433(2)°, V = 3571.8(3) Å3, Z = 8, μ(CuKα) = 1.665 mm-1, 25057 reflections measured (9.168° ≤ 2Θ ≤ 144.196°), 3500 unique (Rint = 0.0322, Rsigma = 0.0200) which were used in all calculations. The final R1 was 0.0363 (I>2σ(I)) and wR2 was 0.0910 (all data). Intermolecular contacts obtained from X-ray single crystal diffraction study were also explored using both Hirshfeld surfaces and fingerprint plots. Hirshfeld surface analysis showed the occurrence of S···H, O···H and H···H contacts that display an important role to crystal packing stabilization of the thiourea derivative compound. In addition, the compound was evaluated for both their in-vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity

Adrenocortical oncocytic neoplasm presenting with Cushing's syndrome: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Oncocytic neoplasms occur in several organs and are most commonly found in the thyroid, kidneys and salivary glands. Oncocytic neoplasms of the adrenal cortex are extremely rare and are usually non-functioning.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We report the case of an adrenocortical oncocytic neoplasm with uncertain malignant potential in a 31-year-old man with Cushing's syndrome. The patient had been operated on following diagnosis of a 7 cm adrenal mass. Following surgery, the Cushing's syndrome resolved. The patient is still alive with no metastases one year after the surgery.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Adrenocortical oncocytic neoplasms must be considered in the differential diagnosis of both functioning and non-functioning adrenal masses.</p

The effects of instruction based on conceptual understanding through cooperative learning on the students? understanding of environmental concepts and environmental awareness: The sample of 7th grade unit of ?human and environment?

İşbirlikli Öğrenme Yoluyla Kavramsal Anlamaya Yönelik Öğretimin Öğrencilerin Çevre Kavramlarını Anlamalarına ve Çevre Farkındalıklarına Etkisi: 7. Sınıf ?İnsan ve Çevre? Ünitesi Örneği_x000B_Bu çalışmanın amacı, kavramsal anlamaya dayalı işbirlikli öğrenme yönteminin; öğrencilerin kavramsal anlama düzeylerine, çevre farkındalıklarına, kavramsal anlama ve çevreye yönelik tutumlarıyla ilgili kalıcılıklarına etkisini araştırmaktır._x000B_Uygulama, 2008- 2009 yılı bahar döneminde, İzmir ili Buca İlçesi Mehmet Emin Yurdakul İlköğretim Okulu, 7. sınıfında deney grubu olarak 29 öğrencinin bulunduğu 7/B ve kontrol grubu olarak 30 öğrencinin bulunduğu 7/C sınıflarında yürütülmüştür. Yaklaşık, 4 hafta boyunca, deney sınıfında fen ve teknoloji dersi işbirlikli öğrenme yoluyla kavramsal anlamaya dayalı olarak işlenirken, kontrol sınıfında ise Fen ve Teknoloji programına uygun olarak işlenmiştir. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak; öğrencilerin kavramsal anlama düzeylerini belirlemek için kavramsal anlama düzeyi belirleme testi, çevre farkındalıklarını ölçmek için çevre tutum ölçeği ve çevre farkındalığı görüşme formu, deney grubu öğrencilerinin denel işlem boyunca sürdürülen yöntem hakkındaki görüşlerini tespit etmek için; kavramsal anlamaya dayalı işbirlikli öğrenme görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Uygulanan veri toplama araçlarından, kavramsal anlama düzeyi belirleme testi, çevre farkındalığı görüşme formu ve kavramsal anlamaya dayalı işbirlikli öğrenme görüşme formu araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilmiştir. Uygulama öncesinde ve sonrasında her iki sınıfa da kavramsal anlama düzeyi belirleme testi, çevre tutum ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Her iki sınıftan 5'er öğrenci ile uygulama öncesinde ve sonrasında araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen çevre farkındalığı görüşme formu kullanılarak çevre farkındalığı konusunda ve ayrıca uygulama sonunda deney grubunda yer alan 5 öğrenci ile kavramsal anlamaya dayalı işbirlikli öğrenme görüşme formu kullanılarak denel işlem boyunca sürdürülen yöntem konusunda yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Denel işlem sona erdikten 4,5 ay sonra kavramsal anlama düzeyi belirleme testi ve çevre tutum ölçeği her iki gruba kalıcılık testi olarak tekrar uygulanmıştır._x000B_Araştırmada, deney ve kontrol sınıfı öğrencileri arasında kavramsal anlama düzeyi açısından deney grubu lehine anlamlı farklılıklar olduğu görülmüştür. Öğrencilerin çevre farkındalıkları konusunda iki grup arasında nicel olarak deney grubu lehine anlamlı fark görülürken aynı zamanda nitel olarak da deney grubu lehine gelişme izlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda işbirlikli öğrenme yoluyla kavramsal anlamaya dayalı öğretimin yürürlükte olan fen ve teknoloji programına göre kavramsal anlama ve çevreye yönelik tutumlarla ilgili kalıcılığı sağlamada daha etkili olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca deney grubu öğrencilerinin işbirlikli öğrenme ile ilgili olumlu düşünceler taşıdığı tespit edilmiştir. The Effects of Instruction Based on Conceptual Understanding Through Cooperative Learning on The Students? Understanding of Environmental Concepts and Environmental Awareness: The Sample of 7th Grade Unit of ?Human and Environment?_x000B_The aim of this study is to search the effects of instruction based on conceptual understanding through cooperative learning on the students? conceptual understanding, environmental awareness and also its retention on the students? attitudes towards environment and conceptual understanding._x000B_ The study was conducted with 29 students of 7/B as experimental group and 20 students of 7/C as control group in Mehmet Emin Yurdakul Primary School of Buca, Izmir during the spring term of 2008-2009. The experimental group received the science and technology course based on conceptual understanding through cooperative learning while the control group received the science and technology course based on the current curriculum for approximately 4 weeks. The data were collected through conceptual understanding test, environmental attitude scale and interview forms of environmental awareness and instruction based conceptual understanding through cooperative learning_x000B_The conceptual understanding test and the interview forms of environmental awareness and instruction based conceptual understanding through cooperative learning were developed by the researcher. Conceptual understanding test and environmental attitude scale were applied to both groups before and after the instruction. 5 students from each group before and after the instruction were interviewed about environmental awareness by using the interview form of environmental awareness. Furthermore, 5 students from the experimental group were interviewed about the instruction given to experimental group by using instruction based conceptual understanding through cooperative learning interview form at the end of the instruction. Conceptual understanding test and environmental attitude scale were given to both groups after 4 and half months after the instruction for the retention._x000B_The results showed that there are significant differences between the experimental and control groups in favor of experimental group in terms of their conceptual understanding. Moreover, it is also seen that, there are significant quantitative differences in favor of experimental group where at the same time various qualitative developments have been also observed in terms of environmental awareness. It is also found that, instruction based on conceptual understanding through cooperative learning was more effective in ensuring the retention of conceptual understanding and the attitude towards the environment than the current science and technology curriculum. Moreover, it was seen that experimental group students had positive opinions about the instruction based on conceptual understanding through cooperative learning

N-(Dibenzylcarbamothioyl)-3-methylbutanamide: Crystal structure, Hirshfeld surfaces and antimicrobial activity

The compound N-(dibenzylcarbamothioyl)-3-methylbutanamide as a thiourea derivative was synthesized and structurally characterized by NMR and FT-IR spectroscopic techniques. The molecular structure of compound was also characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction method. Crystal data for title compound C20H24N2OS: monoclinic, space group C2/c (no. 15), a = 19.6882(9) Å, b = 9.4045(4) Å, c = 19.5012(8) Å, β = 98.433(2)°, V = 3571.8(3) Å3, Z = 8, μ(CuKα) = 1.665 mm-1, 25057 reflections measured (9.168° ≤ 2Θ ≤ 144.196°), 3500 unique (Rint = 0.0322, Rsigma = 0.0200) which were used in all calculations. The final R1 was 0.0363 (I>2σ(I)) and wR2 was 0.0910 (all data). Intermolecular contacts obtained from X-ray single crystal diffraction study were also explored using both Hirshfeld surfaces and fingerprint plots. Hirshfeld surface analysis showed the occurrence of S···H, O···H and H···H contacts that display an important role to crystal packing stabilization of the thiourea derivative compound. In addition, the compound was evaluated for both their in-vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity

Criteria sets for primary Sjogren's syndrome are not adequate for those presenting with extraglandular organ involvements as their dominant clinical features

Patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) may go undiagnosed or be misclassified due to the insidious nature and wide spectrum of the disease. The available several classification criteria emphasize glandular findings. We aimed to analyze the efficiency of various classification criteria sets in patients diagnosed on the clinical basis by expert opinion and to compare those pSS patients who fulfilled these criteria with those who did not. This is a multicenter study in which 834 patients from 22 university-based rheumatology clinics are included. Diagnosis of pSS was made on the clinical basis by the expert opinion. In this study, we only interviewed patients once and collected available data from the medical records. The European criteria, American-European Consensus Group (AECG) and American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Sjogren's criteria were applied. Majority of the patients were women (F/M was 20/1). The median duration from the first pSS-related symptom to diagnosis was significantly shorter in men (2.5 +/- 2.3 vs 4.3 +/- 5.9 years) (p = 0 < 0.016). When the European, AECG and ACR Sjogren's criteria were applied, 666 patients (79.9%) satisfied at least one of them. In total, 539 patients (64.4%) satisfied the European, 439 (52.6%) satisfied the AECG, and 359 (43%) satisfied the ACR criteria. Among the entire group, 250 patients (29.9%) satisfied all and 168 (20.1%) met none of the criteria. The rates of extraglandular organ involvements were not different between patients who met at least one of the criteria sets and those who met none. There is an urgent need for the modification of the pSS criteria sets to prevent exclusion of patients with extraglandular involvements as the dominant clinical features

clinical features

Patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) may go undiagnosed or be misclassified due to the insidious nature and wide spectrum of the disease. The available several classification criteria emphasize glandular findings. We aimed to analyze the efficiency of various classification criteria sets in patients diagnosed on the clinical basis by expert opinion and to compare those pSS patients who fulfilled these criteria with those who did not. This is a multicenter study in which 834 patients from 22 university-based rheumatology clinics are included. Diagnosis of pSS was made on the clinical basis by the expert opinion. In this study, we only interviewed patients once and collected available data from the medical records. The European criteria, American-European Consensus Group (AECG) and American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Sjogren's criteria were applied. Majority of the patients were women (F/M was 20/1). The median duration from the first pSS-related symptom to diagnosis was significantly shorter in men (2.5 +/- 2.3 vs 4.3 +/- 5.9 years) (p = 0 < 0.016). When the European, AECG and ACR Sjogren's criteria were applied, 666 patients (79.9%) satisfied at least one of them. In total, 539 patients (64.4%) satisfied the European, 439 (52.6%) satisfied the AECG, and 359 (43%) satisfied the ACR criteria. Among the entire group, 250 patients (29.9%) satisfied all and 168 (20.1%) met none of the criteria. The rates of extraglandular organ involvements were not different between patients who met at least one of the criteria sets and those who met none. There is an urgent need for the modification of the pSS criteria sets to prevent exclusion of patients with extraglandular involvements as the dominant clinical features

Multicenter Analysis of Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia in Turkey

WOS: 000338633500049PubMed ID: 24870768Background: To evaluate the incidence, diagnosis and management of GTN among 28 centers in Turkey. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was designed to include GTN patients attending 28 centers in the 10-year period between January 2003 and May 2013. Demographical characteristics of the patients, histopathological diagnosis, the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) anatomical and prognostic scores, use of single-agent and multi-agent chemotherapy, surgical interventions and prognosis were evaluated. Results: From 2003-2013, there were 1,173,235 deliveries and 456 GTN cases at the 28 centers. The incidence was calculated to be 0.38 per 1,000 deliveries. According to the evaluated data of 364 patients, the median age at diagnosis was 31 years (range, 15-59 years). A histopathological diagnosis was present for 45.1% of the patients, and invasive mole, choriocarcinoma and PSTTs were diagnosed in 22.3% (n=81), 18.1% (n=66) and 4.7% (n=17) of the patients, respectively. Regarding final prognosis, 352 (96.7%) of the patients had remission, and 7 (1.9%) had persistence, whereas the disease was mortal for 5 (1.4%) of the patients. Conclusions: Because of the differences between countries, it is important to provide national registration systems and special clinics for the accurate diagnosis and treatment of GTN