Gamma Radiation Induced Oxidation and Tocopherols Decrease in In-Shell, Peeled and Blanched Peanuts

In-shell, peeled and blanched peanut samples were characterized in relation to proximate composition and fatty acid profile. No difference was found in relation to its proximate composition. The three major fatty acids were palmitic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid. In order to investigate irradiation and storage effects, peanut samples were submitted to doses of 0.0, 5.0, 7.5 or 10.0 kGy, stored for six months at room temperature and monitored every three months. Peanuts responded differently to irradiation, particularly with regards to tocopherol contents, primary and secondary oxidation products and oil stability index. Induction periods and tocopherol contents were negatively correlated with irradiation doses and decreased moderately during storage. α-Tocopherol was the most gamma radiation sensitive and peeled samples were the most affected. A positive correlation was found among tocopherol contents and the induction period of the oils extracted from irradiated samples. Gamma radiation and storage time increased oxidation compounds production. If gamma radiation is considered an alternative for industrial scale peanut conservation, in-shell samples are the best feedstock. For the best of our knowledge this is the first article with such results; this way it may be helpful as basis for future studies on gamma radiation of in-shell crops

Gamma Radiation Effects on Peanut Skin Antioxidants

Peanut skin, which is removed in the peanut blanching process, is rich in bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties. The aims of this study were to measure bioactive compounds in peanut skins and evaluate the effect of gamma radiation on their antioxidant activity. Peanut skin samples were treated with 0.0, 5.0, 7.5, or 10.0 kGy gamma rays. Total phenolics, condensed tannins, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity were evaluated. Extracts obtained from the peanut skins were added to refined-bleached-deodorized (RBD) soybean oil. The oxidative stability of the oil samples was determined using the Oil Stability Index method and compared to a control and synthetic antioxidants (100 mg/kg BHT and 200 mg/kg TBHQ). Gamma radiation changed total phenolic content, total condensed tannins, total flavonoid content, and the antioxidant activity. All extracts, gamma irradiated or not, presented increasing induction period (h), measured by the Oil Stability Index method, when compared with the control. Antioxidant activity of the peanut skins was higher than BHT. The present study confirmed that gamma radiation did not affect the peanut skin extracts’ antioxidative properties when added to soybean oil

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

O Serviço de documentação textual e iconografia do Museu Paulista

The essay compares the curatorship's works realized during the decade of 1990 by the actual Department of Textual and Iconographical Documentation of Museu Paulista, responsible for the MP Fund / Permanent File (Fundo MP/Arquivo Permanente), hundreds of collections and textual funds and 50.000 iconography pieces, great part of which are gathered in photographic collections. It shows how the documentation work extrapolates the limits of SVDHICO in order to integrate itself with the group activities of the museum and with other research groups. It also points towards new work methodologies which allow to perform the curatorship in an integrated way with the interdisciplinary research and the culture diffusion.O artigo faz um balanço dos trabalhos de curadoria realizados durante a década de 1990 pelo atual Serviço de Documentação Textual e Iconografia do Museu Paulista, responsável pelo Fundo MP/Arquivo Permanente, centenas de coleções e fundos textuais e 50.000 peças de iconografia, grande parte delas reunidas em coleções fotográficas. Mostra como o trabalho de documentação extrapola os limites do SVDHICO para integrar-se com as atividades de conjunto do Museu e com outros grupos de pesquisa. Aponta também para novas metodologias de trabalho com imagens que permitem realizar a curadoria de forma integrada à pesquisa interdisciplinar e à difusão cultural

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Screening of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorok. strains against Mahanarva fimbriolata (Stal, 1854) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae)

A colheita mecanizada de cana-de-açúcar, sem a queima da palhada, proporciona acúmulo de matériaorgânica no solo tornando o ambiente favorável ao desenvolvimento da cigarrinha-da-raiz, Mahanarva fimbriolata (Stal, 1854) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae). Em elevadas infestações essa praga tem causado prejuízos devido aos grandes danos nas plantas e aos gastos com agrotóxicos. O objetivo da pesquisa foi selecionar isolados de Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorok. patogênicos para cigarrinha-da-raiz, usando uma nova metodologia. A seleção foi feita em condições de laboratório, utilizando-se ninfas coletadas a campo que foram pulverizadas com o fungo e mantidas em raiz de mudas de cana-de-açúcar. A mortalidade corrigida ao quinto dia após a inoculação variou de 10,5 a 60%, sendo que os isolados mais patogênicos causaram mortalidades de 46,5 a 59,7%.The mechanized harvest of sugarcane results in accumulation of mulch on the soil and promotes favorable temperature and moist to development of sugarcane root spittlebug, Mahanarva fimbriolata (Stal, 1854) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae). High populations of this pest causes serious damages to plants and high costs with insecticides. This research work tested strains of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorok. pathogenic to sugarcane root spittlebug using a new methodology. The selection was carried out in laboratory conditions. Nymphs were sprayed with 2 mL of a suspension containing 5x107 conidia/mL and maintained in roots of sugarcane. The corrected mortality was evaluated five days after pulverization and ranged from 10.5 to 60% and the more pathogenic strains caused mortality from 46.5 to 59.7%

A INICIAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA NO ENSINO MÉDIO INTEGRADO COMO POSSIBILIDADE DE UMA PRÁTICA INTEGRADORA: ESTUDO DE CASO ATRAVÉS DO RESGATE DA MEMÓRIA DA VITIVINICULTURA EM VIDEIRA, SANTA CATARINA

O presente artigo relata a experiência de uma prática integradora vivenciada em um projeto de iniciação científica intitulado “Resgate da Memória sobre a produção da uva e do vinho a partir da década de 1940 no município de Videira, Santa Catarina”. O projeto envolve três áreas do saber – Biologia, Geografia e História – e dois cursos de Educação Profissional Técnica Integrada ao Ensino Médio - Agropecuária e Eletroeletrônica – oferecidos pelo Instituto Federal Catarinense Câmpus Videira. O desenvolvimento do projeto fomentou entre as professoras envolvidas algumas reflexões a respeito da integração entre o Ensino Médio e a Educação Profissional Técnica de Nível Médio. Durante as diversas etapas da pesquisa de iniciação científica, foi possível perceber a importância da interdisciplinaridade, da pesquisa como princípio pedagógico e da cultura como um dos eixos fundamentais para a formação humana

Histogênese de calo de explante caulinar de Datura insignis Barb. Rodr.

Resumo Calos não-homogêneos e compactos foram induzidos a partir de explantes Internodais de Datura insignis Barb. Rodr. cultivados em meio B5 (Gamborg, 1968) suplementado com 1mg/l BAP + 0,25 e 1mg/1 NAA. A análise histológica do calo revelou que, embora tenham ocorrido divisões periclinais na epiderme, no colênquima e no parênquima cortical, interfascicular e medular, apenas os tecidos situados entre a epiderme e o cilindro central transformaram-se em tecido calogênico. Constatou-se a diferenciação de elementos xilemáticos e centros meristemáticos dispersos pelo calo. Em meio com 1mg/l BAR + 0,25mg de NAA observou-se a presença de estruturas globulares constituídas de células em divisão periclinal com arranjo radial e inúmeros centros meristemáticos. Não foi possível identificar a presença de embriões somáticos, considerando-se os calos como não-embriogênicos