A multienzyme response is involved in the phenomenon of resistance to triclabendazole on Fasciola

The trematode Fasciola hepatica is the producer of a parasitic zoonosis known as fasciolosis. Triclabendazole (TCBZ) is the most widely used fasciolicide anthelmintic. Today, its indiscriminate use has led to the expression of anthelmintic resistance. Our previous studies over the Sligo strain (TCBZ-R) confirmed in the Phase I of detoxification, an overexpression of Flavin-Monooxygenases. This phenomenon should not be the only response that the trematode has and should not rule out the involvement of other processes of detoxification of Phase I or II. In the processes of detoxification in Phase I, the Carboxylesterase (CE) is a serine esterase-dependent with broad substrate specificity. This family of enzymes are involved in many metabolic functions including detoxification of xenobiotics. In Phase II exists a system using the Glutathione (GSH). It is a sequence of certain enzymes that culminate adding reduced GSH to xenobiotic increasing its water solubility and facilitatingtheir excretion. Glutathione addition plays an important role in antioxidant defense in different tissues catalyze the reduction of oxidized to reduced GSH which will be utilized by GST to reduce the peroxide and lipoperoxide, which they are reactive oxygen species. This process involves Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), Glutathione Reductase (GSR) and Glutathione S-Transferase (GST). In the present work, we evaluate, in vitro, the cytosolic activity of different xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes of Phase I: CE and Phase II: GST, GPx and GSR in adults of F. hepatica TCBZ susceptible (TCBZ-S) and TCBZ resistant (TCBZ-R),respectively Cullompton strain and Sligo and Oberon strains. In the TCBZ-R Sligo and Oberon strains, the GST activity was 1277±32 and 1216±16 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively, higher than that in the TCBZ-S Cullompton strain 800±60 nmol/ min/mg protein. Regarding the GPx activity in the Sligo and Oberon strains, TCBZ-R was 83±3.41 and 81±2.45 nmol/min/ mg protein, respectively, higher than that in the TCBZ-S Cullompton strain 49±2.58 nmol/min/mg protein. The GSR activity in Sligo and Oberon strains was 38±2.07 and 41±1.25 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively, higher than that in the TCBZ-S Cullompton strain 29±1.22 nmol/min/mg protein, whereas CE activity did not differ between the different strains tested. In this work, a multienzyme response involving at all the family of enzymes GSH dependent is detected. Carboxylesterase expressed no significant differences not being involved in the resistance phenomenon. These results contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms referred to the phenomenon of resistance to TCBZ.Fil: Fernandez, Vanesa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Acevedo, Maria E.. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Solana, Hugo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular; ArgentinaInternational Conference on ParasitologyPhiladelphiaEstados UnidosOMICS Publishing Grou

Evolving building system : expandable housing by means of corrugated metal sheets

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1986.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-82).Large housing programs in developing countries built out of permanent materials are likely to be too costly for low-income people. Such housing would have to be subsidized or allocated to middle-income groups. For this reason, some governments provide sites and services that allow low-income families to live in temporary units. This intervention has enabled low-income families to live on regulated demarcated and serviced land if not in permanent dwelling units. While doing so, they are able to build incrementally more permanent dwellings according with their life-cycle and their changing financial resources. This type of strategy supports the concept that housing is not a finished and static product but a continuous process over time. In order to adapt the initial temporary dwellings built by the low-income groups, and help with their transition to permanent buildings, this thesis proposed a building system which adapts to the dynamic and progressive building processes of these groups. The initial shelter is built out of corrugated metal sheets and steel members made out of thin metal sheets. The building system proceeds in stages from a simple temporary shelter -expanding and evolving- to a permanent dwelling. This transition is achieved by gradually strengthening the structure and transforming the surfaces of the dwelling with different levels of finishings.by Maria Begoña Solana.M.S

Tracking native small mammals to measure fine-scale space use in grazed and restored dry woodlands

The degradation of dry woodlands in South America by agricultural activities affects wildlife through a decrease in available habitat and fine-scale changes in habitat structure. The impact of land use can be perceived by small, mobile organisms as preventing or facilitating their movement through and among habitats, consequently altering ecosystem functions. By tracking with radiotelemetry we describe for the first time the pattern of movement of a small mammal (Graomys griseoflavus) that inhabits dry woodland ecosystems in South America and its relationship with environmental features that affect movement. We measured environmental variables linked to the ecological requirements of the species (e.g., plant cover and patches of forage species consumed) in restored and grazed woodlands and compared movements between seasons (dry and wet). We found that the fine-scale differences in the vegetation cover associated with livestock grazing changed the mobility and use of space of this small mammal. The step-lengths and used area for G. griseoflavus were greater under passive restoration compared to the area grazed by livestock. Small rodents moved between patches of similar mean size of forage species, avoiding large inter-patches of bare ground. Although both management conditions showed seasonal variations in plant cover, the step-lengths decreased significantly in the grazed woodland during the wet season, while step-lengths in the restored area were unaffected by season. The fine-scale spatial arrangement of plants in restored woodlands elucidated notable changes in animal movement on grazed lands, suggesting that space use by small mammals may be an important tool to identify habitat structures that facilitate the movement of animals in restoration of degraded systems.Fil: Spirito, Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas; ArgentinaFil: Rowland, Mary. Forestry And Range Sciences Laboratory; Estados UnidosFil: Wisdom, Michael. Forestry And Range Sciences Laboratory; Estados UnidosFil: Tabeni, Maria Solana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas; Argentin

Aportes de la Calidad del Servicio en clínicas dentales

Debido a la necesidad de gestionar los nuevos modelos de negocios de las clínicas dentales y la demanda de nuevos servicios requeridos por el paciente, el conocimiento sobre la “calidad del servicio” del sector dental necesita ser ampliado. En la evaluación de la calidad del servicio dental y sanitario, al paciente le es difícil valorar los aspectos técnicos (calidad técnica). El paciente (cliente) de estos servicios se diferencia de otros clientes por su renuencia a recibir el servicio (tratamiento). En la investigación sobre calidad del servicio dental, desde la perspectiva del marketing, existe una tendencia a centrarse en la relación entre las expectativas del paciente y la calidad del servicio, así como también, en investigar el servicio al cliente y el pronto servicio (responsiveness), siendo el SERVQUAL el instrumento más utilizado. También, desde la perspectiva del dentista, se ha investigado sobre la satisfacción del cliente, incluso como sinónimo de calidad. En este artículo, proponemos la configuración del sector dental español y la tipología de las clínicas dentales españolas para luego identificar una serie de líneas de investigación relevantes: enseñar al paciente a evaluar la calidad técnica de la clínica dental, enseñar al dentista a demostrar su calidad técnica, determinar diferencias -en la evaluación de la calidad del servicio del paciente- cuando su enfermedad es grave y cuando no lo es, determinar cuánto afecta la renuencia del paciente a la percepción de la calidad del servicio, entre otra

Património construído no Parqe Natural da Madeira

Relatório de Estágio apresentado para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Gestão do Território – Ambiente e Recursos NaturaisEste estudo teve como finalidade realizar o levantamento do Património Construído no Parque Natural da Madeira (PNM) e caracterizá-lo, segundo diversos aspectos, contribuindo, sobretudo, para a sua recuperação, preservação, valorização e promoção. O seu principal objectivo é o de salientar a importância e a interligação entre Património, Paisagem e Conservação da Natureza, que servirá de informação base para outros trabalhos desenvolvidos no PNM e para incentivar uma valorização e recuperação do mesmo. A primeira etapa do estudo foi a da pesquisa bibliográfica. A segunda etapa foi o levantamento exaustivo do Património Construído, nomeadamente o Património Religioso, Património Associado à Produção e Transformação de Energia, Património Associado à Utilização da Água e Outros Tipos de Património dentro da área de Parque Natural. Nos concelhos de caso de estudo, foi realizado o levantamento exaustivo das Casas Tradicionais e Palheiros. Na terceira etapa trabalhou-se a informação em SIG, de forma a representar o tipo de Património existente em cada concelho. A quarta e última etapa correspondeu à elaboração do enquadramento teórico em conjugação com as etapas anteriores. O levantamento tem como objectivo contribuir para um melhor conhecimento dos valores culturais do PNM, na perspectiva do seu ordenamento e dar a conhecer o valor que este património encerra, bem como incentivar a promoção da consciência colectiva e individual, sobre a qualidade e a importância da sua salvaguarda e valorização, atendendo ao seu potencial valor funcional, económico, cultural, histórico, simbólico e identitário. Pretende-se, também, demonstrar que o Património contribui para a identidade de uma paisagem e que a sua preservação e valorização é determinante para melhorar a oferta turística da Região, potenciando o desenvolvimento social e económico. Um outro aspecto, é o de fomentar a investigação científica e técnica nestas áreas, bem como encorajar a utilização destes conteúdos, como recurso educativo e cultural

Primer registro de la especie invasora Centaurea diffusa Lam. (Asteraceae) en humedales de altura, Valle de Uspallata, Mendoza

Centaurea diffusa is an invasive species whose distribution in Argentina covers the Pampean region. We report for the first time its presence in high altitude ecosystems at the Uspallata Valley in the province of Mendoza, Argentina. We provide a description of the specimens, photographic material and information about their habitat requirements and management status in Argentina and in America.Centaurea diffusa es una especie invasora cuya distribución en Argentina abarca la región pampeana. Se reporta por primera vez su presencia en ecosistemas de altura pertenecientes al Valle de Uspallata en la provincia de Mendoza, Argentina. Se brinda una descripción de los ejemplares, material fotográfico e información sobre sus requerimientos de hábitat y estado del manejo en Argentina y en América.Fil: Tabeni, Maria Solana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas; ArgentinaFil: Scheibler, Erica Elizabeth. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas; ArgentinaFil: Bonjour, Lorena de Jesús. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas; Argentin

The population of Ctenomys from the Ñacuñán Biosphere Reserve (Mendoza, Argentina) belongs to Ctenomys mendocinus Philippi, 1869 (Rodentia, Ctenomyidae): molecular and karyotypic evidence

Subterranean tuco-tucos of the genus Ctenomys are caviomorph rodents comprising a complex of over 50 nominal species found in the southern half of South America. The validity of several nominal forms awaits a proper assessment. The population of Ctenomys from Ñacuñán Biosphere Reserve (Mendoza, Argentina) has been classically considered to represent a distinct species and has been commonly referred as Ctenomys eremofilus. Based on molecular and cytogenetic analysis we assessed the taxonomic status of the Ctenomys population of Ñacuñán. Specimens analyzed showed two very similar chromosome complements (2n=48 and 2n=50), the latter being widely distributed in populations of C. mendocinus. Similarly, haplotypes recovered from Ñacuñán specimens are very similar and sister to those recovered from specimens of C. mendocinus. Considering this evidence we conclude that the individuals of Ctenomys from Ñacuñán population should be assignable to C. mendocinus.Fil: Parada, Andrés. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; ChileFil: Ojeda, Agustina Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas; ArgentinaFil: Tabeni, Maria Solana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas; ArgentinaFil: D'Elia, Guillermo. Universidad Austral de Chile; Chil

Diversity of plants and mammals as indicators of the effects of land management types in woodlands

Background: The ecological indicators are useful tools to determine the effects of human disturbances on woodland biodiversity. Nevertheless, ecological indicators not always responded in the same way to disturbances, and the responses can differ among taxa. In arid and semiarid woodlands, the use of deadwood associated with cattle raising can affect biodiversity and Nature’s contributions to people. Methods: Our study aimed to assess changes in taxonomic and functional diversity of two assemblages, plants and mammals, in Prosopis woodlands under different land management types: grazed woodlands and a protected area. For plants, changes in structural diversity were also analyzed. Prosopis trees under different land management types were selected and their deadwood characteristics were registered. Through live traps and camera traps, we obtained data on the presence-absence of mammals per tree to estimate diversity indices. For plants, we measured the abundance of vegetation by species and by cover type through the Line-Intercept Method to estimated diversity. Finally, we built generalized linear models to assess the responses of diversity of each assemblage to covariables concerning deadwood and different land management types. Results: We found that all diversity indeces for plants were either negatively affected by the presence of deadwood on the ground, or favored by its extraction. For mammals, removal of deadwood increased taxonomic diversity, while functional diversity increased with deadwood on the trees. Both structural diversity of plants and functional diversity of mammals were greater in grazed woodlands. Conclusions: The sustainable use of woodland resources is essential for the activities of rural communities. Our study results indicated that land management of grazed woodlands promoted the structural diversity of plant assemblages and the functional diversity of mammals. The presence of deadwood negatively affected plant diversity but it increased mammal functional diversity. It is advisable to maintain trees that preserve their wooden structure within the managed areas to promote the functional diversity of mammals, while trees with extraction from standing wood will favor the functional diversity of the plant assemblage. Understanding the effects of human disturbances can contribute to management for the conservation of woodlands diversity and Nature’s contributions to people.Fil: Szymañski, Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Tabeni, Maria Solana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas; ArgentinaFil: Alvarez, Juan Agustin. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas; ArgentinaFil: Campos, Claudia Monica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas; Argentin

Multi-element characterisation of carob, fig and almond liqueurs by MP-AES

Carob pod, fig and almond liqueurs are produced in various Mediterranean regions. This work reports the mineral content of these traditional beverages and evaluates the influence of the raw material. Twenty-five fruit liqueurs from 16 producers were analysed. A simple open-vessel sample mineralization by wet digestion using nitric acid-hydrogen peroxide (1:1) was used before spectrometric analysis. Nine essential elements (Cu, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe, Zn, Mn and P) and two non-essentials (Cd and Pb) were quantified by microwave plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (MP-AES). Carob liqueur presented the broader profile of minerals and was the only fruit liqueur containing iron (72.7% of samples), phosphorous, manganese and low levels of lead (in two of the 11 samples). Conversely, almond liqueurs contained the lowest mineral content with only five elements detected. Fruit liqueurs showed variability in mineral content even within the same liqueur, presumably as a consequence of the different manufacturing processes. Despite this variability, application of principal component analysis to essential mineral concentrations (K, Na, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe and Zn) resulted in satisfactory classification (PC1 and PC2 accounting for 78.5% of the total variance) of the Portuguese liqueurs evaluated.SFRH/BPD/103086/2014info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Effect of secondary thermal treatment on crystallinity of spinel-type Co(Cr, Al)2O4 pigments synthesized by solution combustion route

The effect of a post-synthesis thermal treatment on CoCr2−2ΨAl2ΨO4 (0.0 ≤ Ψ ≤ 1.0) ceramic pigments synthesized by Solution Combustion Synthesis (SCS) has been studied. As-synthesized SCS pigments were treated at two different calcination temperatures (800 °C and 1000 °C) to study changes in mineralogy, microstructure and thermal behaviour, as well as their effect over the colouring power. Spinel-type Fd-3m crystalline structure was developed in all cases. Nevertheless, crystallinity parameters were highly affected by both analysed processing parameters: composition (Ψ) and post-synthesis calcination temperature (Tc). A Cr(III) enrichment along with Tc increase favoured ion rearrangement to promote sample crystallization and crystallite growth. Fast kinetics of SCS makes Al-rich spinels with transition metals difficult to be synthesized. The application of a secondary thermal treatment resulted in a favourable evolution towards a well-crystallized structure. Lattice parameter did not seem to be affected by Tc, although it evolved indeed with composition. From a microstructural point of view, as-synthesized pigments were foamy, with a very low bulk density and nanometric grain size. After the thermal treatment, larger grain sizes were obtained, especially for the samples richer in Al and treated at higher Tc. All pigments developed intense colours in a transparent glaze without showing heterogeneities, indicating a stable behaviour against glazing process. Glaze colour evolved from green to perfectly blue shades, indicating an important dependence on composition. Nevertheless, colouring power seemed to be rather affected by calcination process