Negative hydrodynamic barriers: an effective system to reduce the freshwater discharge into the sea

La necesidad de recursos hídricos para satisfacer las crecientes demandas es un problema generalizado, especialmente acuciante en las zonas áridas y semiáridas. Las zonas costeras son especial mente sensibles a este problema, si bien, en estas áreas se da la paradoja de que los acuíferos costeros, de forma natural, drenan grandes volúmenes de agua dulce al mar a través de la descarga submarina. En este trabajo se plantea, por primera vez, la utiliza ción de barreras hidrodinámicas negativas como un sistema efectivo para reducir el volumen de estas descargas. Para ello, se ha estudia do el acuífero del delta del río Andarax, donde la presencia de una batería de sondeos que captan la cuña de agua salina que penetra en el acuífero, estaría actuando como una barrera hidrodinámica, que por un lado evita el avance de la cuña salina al continente, y por otro, la salida de agua dulce al mar. El problema que suscita este tipo de barreras es el coste económico ligado al consumo energético ne cesario para bombear continuamente agua salina, por lo que su uso sólo sería conveniente allí donde exista una planta desaladora que se abastezca de agua salina de la cuña que penetra en el acuíferoThe growing demand for water is a widespread problem, espe cially in arid and semi-arid areas. Coastal areas are particularly sen sitive to this problem, although in these areas there is the paradox that coastal aquifers naturally drain large volumes of freshwater into the sea through submarine discharge. In this work we propose, for the first time, the use of negative hydrodynamic barriers as an effec tive system to reduce the volume of these discharges. For this purpo se, the aquifer of the Andarax river delta has been studied, where the presence of a set of boreholes that capture the saline water wedge penetrating the aquifer. This would be acting as a hydrodynamic ba rrier, which on the one hand prevents the advance of the saline wed ge to the continent, and on the other hand, the outflow of freshwater to the sea. The problem with this type of barrier is the economic cost linked to the energy consumption required to continuously pump saline water, so its use would only be appropriate where there is a desalination plant that is supplied with saline water from the wedge that penetrates the aquife

Comparative Study of Microbial Diversity in Different Coastal Aquifers: Determining Factors

Coastal aquifers have been extensively studied from the hydrodynamic and geochemical points of view, but there is still a significant gap in the knowledge of their microbial diversity. The bacterial communities of four coastal aquifers at different depths and salinities were studied in order to infer the anthropogenic and physico-chemical influences on groundwater microbiota. At the physico-chemical level, samples from different aquifers, but with similar salinities, are more similar than those taken within the same aquifer. The microbial community at the phylum level shows the dominance of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria. Samples from the same aquifer, although having very different salinities, are more similar than samples with similar physico-chemical characteristics. Therefore, the taxa present in these media are resilient to environmental variations. The aquifer preserving the most pristine conditions harbors the lowest values of biodiversity, compared to those affected by anthropic activities. The incorporation of pollutants into the aquifer favors the development of a so-called “rare biosphere”, consisting of a high number of taxa which represent a low percentage (<1%) of the total microbial community. The analysis of microbial biodiversity in a coastal aquifer could be used as an indicator of the degree of anthropic alteration

Tailoring the Photophysical Signatures of BODIPY Dyes: Toward Fluorescence Standards across the Visible Spectral Region

The modern synthetic routes in organic chemistry, as well as the recent advances in high-resolution spectroscopic and microscopic techniques, have awakened a renewable interest in the development of organic fluorophores. In this regard, boron-dipyrrin (BODIPY) dyes are ranked at the top position as luminophores to be applied in photonics or biophotonics. This chromophore outstands not only by its excellent and tunable photophysical signatures, but also by the chemical versatility of its core, which is readily available to a myriad of functionalization routes. In this chapter, we show that, after a rational design, bright and photostable BODIPYs can be achieved along the whole visible spectral region, being suitable as molecular probes or active media of lasers. Alternatively, the selective functionalization of the dipyrrin core, mainly at meso position, can induce new photophysical phenomena (such as charge transfer) paving the way to the development of fluorescent sensors, where the fluorescent response is sensitive to a specific environmental property

Guía para la adaptación de salidas de campo en asignaturas de contenido geológico para alumnos con movilidad reducida

Esta guía ha sido elaborada como resultado del proyecto de Innovación Docente, “Adaptación de Salidas de Campo en asignaturas de contenido geológico para alumnos con movilidad reducida (GEOADAPT)” (20_21_6_02C), de la Convocatoria para la creación de grupos de innovación y buenas prácticas docentes de la Universidad de Almería para el Bienio 2020-2021, en su modalidad “Facilitar la innovación de la docencia orientada a estudiantes universitarios con necesidades educativas especiales”

Proper assignation of reactivation in a COVID-19 recurrence initially interpreted as a reinfection

A 77-year-old-male (Case R) who had had a previous diagnosis of mild COVID-19 episode, was hospitalized 35 days later. On Day 23 post-admission, he developed a second COVID-19 episode, now severe, and finally died. Initially, Case R COVID-19 recurrence was interpreted as a reinfection due to the exposure to a SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR-positive room-mate. However, whole-genome-sequencing indicated that case R recurrence corresponded to a reactivation of the strain involved in his first episode. Case R reactivation had major consequences, leading to a more severe episode, and causing a subsequent transmission to another two hospitalized patients, one of them with fatal outcome.Peer reviewe

Four-month incidence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors among healthcare workers after the first wave of the Spain COVID-19 pandemic

[EN] Healthcare workers (HCW) are at high risk for suicide, yet little is known about the onset of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB) in this important segment of the population in conjunction with the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a multicenter, prospective cohort study of Spanish HCW active during the COVID-9 pandemic. A total of n = 4809 HCW participated at baseline (May–September 2020; i.e., just after the first wave of the pandemic) and at a four-month follow-up assessment (October–December 2020) using web-based surveys. Logistic regression assessed the individual- and population-level associations of separate proximal (pandemic) risk factors with four-month STB incidence (i.e., 30-day STB among HCW negative for 30-day STB at baseline), each time adjusting for distal (pre-pandemic) factors. STB incidence was estimated at 4.2% (SE = 0.5; n = 1 suicide attempt). Adjusted for distal factors, proximal risk factors most strongly associated with STB incidence were various sources of interpersonal stress (scaled 0–4; odds ratio [OR] range = 1.23–1.57) followed by personal health-related stress and stress related to the health of loved ones (scaled 0–4; OR range 1.30–1.32), and the perceived lack of healthcare center preparedness (scaled 0–4; OR = 1.34). Population-attributable risk proportions for these proximal risk factors were in the range 45.3–57.6%. Other significant risk factors were financial stressors (OR range 1.26–1.81), isolation/quarantine due to COVID-19 (OR = 1.53) and having changed to a specific COVID-19 related work location (OR = 1.72). Among other interventions, our findings call for healthcare systems to implement adequate conflict communication and resolution strategies and to improve family-work balance embedded in organizational justice strategies.S

Las sirenas 2

En este vídeo se contrastan las formas iconográficas que la tradición de la historia del arte ha tratado en las representaciones de las sirenas según la mitografía.Depto. de Filología ClásicaTRUEsubmitte

Biochar from grape pomace, a waste of vitivinicultural origin, is effective for root-knot nematode control

Abstract Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are obligate endoparasites that feed on their host plants to complete its life cycle, representing a major threat to agriculture and economy worldwide. The development of new management strategies becomes essential as effective chemical nematicides are progressively being restricted. Hence, we analysed grape pomace-derived biochars, pyrolysed at 350 °C (BC350) and 700 °C (BC700), focusing on their potential for RKN control. The thermal treatment of grape pomace caused an increase in the concentration of carbon and plant macro- and micronutrients, which were largely present in a water-soluble form. Synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy data showed a general loss of carboxylic functional groups during pyrolysis, partially contributing to the alkalinisation of both biochars, mostly in BC700. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis revealed a highly porous structure filled with different crystals composed of elements such as K, Ca, Mg, P, Si or Al,  which could be a suitable environment for the growth of microorganisms. Biochar-derived aqueous extracts showed phytotoxicity to tomato seedlings at high concentrations, and disappeared upon dilution, but no toxic effect was observed on the nematode’s infective stage. However, the infective and reproductive traits of a Meloidogyne javanica population in tomato were significantly reduced (i.e. egg masses and eggs per plant) in washed-biochar-treated soil in pots (0.75%; BC350W). Therefore, the large amount of grape waste generated after wine production can be transformed into a valuable product such as biochar, effective for RKNs control, thus reducing the waste management problem and contributing to a circular economy. Graphical abstrac

Expression profile of <i>P. salmonis dot/icm</i> genes during RTS11 and Sf21cell lines kinetic infection.

<p>Gene expression was determined by qRT-PCR, using relative quantification. <b>A: </b><i>dotB</i> gene expression number; <b>B: </b><i>icmE</i> gene expression; <b>C: </b><i>icmK</i> mRNA gene expression; <b>D: </b><i>dotA</i> gene expression. Gene expression was normalized by the use of ITS like a housekeeping gene. 24 hours post-infection in each cell line was used as calibrator (value = 1).</p

Guía didáctica de educación para la salud : enseñanza primaria

Premio Educación y Sociedad 1995 en la modalidad de Material de apoyo editadoGuía que tiene como fin la de inculcar a los alumnos una serie de conocimientos, actitudes y hábitos con el fin de que adquieran la responsabilidad de su propia salud adoptando un estilo de vida lo más sano posible. Se han seleccionado estas áreas: cuidados personales e higiene, alimentación y nutrición, seguridad y prevención de accidentes, medio ambiente y salud, relaciones humanas y sexualidad, tabaco y alcohol. Dentro de estas áreas se subdivide por los distintos ciclos de la educación primaria donde se plantean unos objetivos concretos y se presentan uno o más ejemplos de actividades, así como sus orientaciones metodológicas y unas fichas. Se presentan también por cada área temática unos cuadros de análisis donde se plasman las áreas con cada uno de los objetivos, así como los contenidos concretos (conceptuales, procedimentales y actitudinales) por cada actividad.AndalucíaBiblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín 5 -3 Planta; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; [email protected]